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Figure 43 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 43 - Tooth structure, occlusion, and replacement in Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Elliot and Clarens Formations of South Africa. Successive coronal computed-tomographic sections in cutaway view of a subadult skull (AMNH 24000). A Posterior portion of skull in right lateral view showing the location of coronal cross-sections B Cross-section through maxillary tooth 9 and dentary tooth 7 C, D Cross-sections through maxillary tooth 9 and dentary tooth 8. Abbreviations: d7-9 dentary teeth 7-9 m9, 10 maxillary tooth 9, 10 ocp occlusal plane pc pulp cavity rm9 replacement maxillary tooth 9.
Figure 42 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 42 - Posterior dentition of Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Tooth wear and replacement in posterior maxillary and dentary teeth in a juvenile skull (AMNH 24000). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) in left lateral view. Hatching indicates broken bone; grey tone indicates matrix; pink tone indicates wear facets. Scale bars equal 5 mm in A and B. Abbreviations: d dentary d8-10 dentary tooth 8–10 m maxilla m10, 11 maxillary tooth 10, 11 pc pulp cavity pri primary ridge ri ridge wf wear facet.
Figure 40 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 40 - Posterior end of the skull of Heterodontosaurus tucki from from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Posterior portion of a juvenile skull (AMNH 24000). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) in right lateral view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; grey tone indicates matrix; pink tone indicates wear facets. Scale bars equal 1 cm in A and B. Abbreviations: aa articular surface for angular aqj articular surface for quadratojugal asaf anterior surangular foramen d dentary d7, 11 dentary tooth 7, 11 j jugal jfl jugal flange l left m maxilla m8, 11 maxillary tooth 8, 11 psaf posterior surangular foramen q quadrate qj quadratojugal r right sa surangular wf wear facet.
Figure 61 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 61 - Jaw joints of Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Dentary symphysis and quadrate-articular jaw joint A Reconstruction of the anterior portion of the right dentary in medial view (based on SAM-PK-K1332) B Reconstruction of the anterior end of the lower jaws in ventral view (based on SAM-PK-K1332) C Stereopair of the right lower jaw joint in lateral view (the lateral edge of the quadrate condyle and articular are broken away exposing the tight jaw articulation) in a subadult skull (AMNH 24000) D Stereopair of the left lower jaw joint in lateral view (the lateral edge of the quadrate condyle is broken away exposing the inclined trough of the jaw articulation) in a subadult skull (AMNH 24000). Scale bar equals 1 cm in C and D. Abbreviations: d dentary d1, 2 dentary tooth 1, 2 dbo dentary boss fo foramen Mc Meckel's canal pd predentary sym symphysis symt symphyseal trough vp ventral process.
Figure 4 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 4 - Controversial early heterodontosaurid specimen from southern Africa. Drawing of specimen NHMUK RU A100 as embedded in matrix in A top and B bottom views (from Thulborn 1970). Abbreviations: F frontal JL left jugal JR right jugal LTF left lateral temporal opening MDR right mandible MXL left maxilla MXR right maxilla N left nasal PMXR right premaxilla PO postorbital STF supratemporal fossa. Scale bar equals 5 cm.
Figure 70 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 70 - Hindlimb of Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Tibiotarsus in an adult skeleton (SAM-PK-K1328). Photograph (A) and line drawing (B) of the right tibiotarsus in anterior view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bar equals 5 cm. Abbreviations: as astragalus asp ascending process at anterior trochanter ca calcaneum cc cnemial crest fi fibula ti tibia.
Figure 39 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 39 - Snout end of Heterodontosaurus tucki from from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Close-up view of the anterior end of a juvenile skull (SAM-PK-K10487). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) in left lateral view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bars equal 5 mm in A and B. Abbreviations: apd articular surface for the predentary apmf anterior premaxillary foramen d dentary d1 dentary tooth 1 fo, foramen gr groove m maxilla mt maxillary teeth nf narial fossa pd predentary pm premaxilla.
Figure 67 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 67 - Limbs of Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Reconstructions based on an adult skeleton (SAM-PK-K1332). Right forearm, carpus and manus (A), right distal tarsals and pes (B), and right carpus (C) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: I-V digits I-V ce centrale dc1-5 distal carpals 1–5 dt3, 4 distal tarsal 3, 4 fo foramen mc1, 4, 5 metacarpal 1, 4, 5 mt1-4 metatarsals 1–4 ol olecranon ph phalanx pi pisiform ra radius rae radiale ul ulna ule ulnare un ungual.
Figure 37 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 37 - Ilium and hindlimb of Abrictosaurus consors from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Stereopairs of the left ilium in lateral view (A) and left pes in dorsal view (B) and line drawing of the sacrum, ilia and left hindlimb mostly in dorsal view (C) (NHMUK RU B54). Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A and B, 4 cm in C. Abbreviations: I, III, IV digits I, III, IV as astragalus at anterior trochanter ca calcaneum fe femur fi fibula ft fourth trochanter gt greater trochanter il ilium lm lateral malleolus mt1, 4 metatarsals 1, 4 ot ossified tendon ph phalanx poap postacetabular process prap preacetabular process S1, 3 sacral vertebra 1, 3 ti tibia un ungual.
Figure 46 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 46 - Tooth structure, occlusion, and replacement in Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Elliot and Clarens Formations of South Africa. Successive sagittal computed-tomographic sections in cutaway view of a subadult skull (AMNH 24000). A Posterior portion of skull in anterior view showing the location of sagittal cross-sections B Cross-section in right lateral view through right maxillary and dentary rami C Cross-section in right lateral view through left maxillary and dentary rami. Abbreviations: psaf posterior surangular foramen q quadrate qj quadratojugal rd8 replacement dentary tooth 8 rm9, 10 replacement maxillary teeth 9, 10.
Figure 34 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 34 - Skull of Abrictosaurus consors from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. A Skull bones of NHMUK RU B54 in left lateral view as initially identified (from Thulborn 1974). B Diagrammatic skull reconstruction in left lateral view based on NHMUK RU B54 (from Norman et al. 2011). Scale bar equals 1 cm in A. Abbreviations: a angular adi arched diastema antfo antorbital fossa d dentary en external nares j jugal l lacrimal or left m maxilla or orbit pap palpebral pd predentary pf prefrontal pm premaxilla q quadrate qj quadratojugal r right sa surangular scr scleral ring.
Figure 35 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 35 - Skull of Abrictosaurus consors from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Skull reconstruction in left lateral view based on NHMUK RU B54. Dashed lines indicate estimated edges and sutures. Abbreviations: a angular adf anterior dentary foramen antfo antorbital fossa apd articular surface for the predentary apmf anterior premaxillary foramen be buccal emargination d dentary d1, d14 dentary tooth 1, 14 de dentary expansion en external nares j jugal l lacrimal m maxilla m14 maxillary tooth 14 nf narial fossa pap palpebral pd predentary pm premaxilla pm1 premaxillary tooth 1 po postorbital q quadrate qj quadratojugal sa surangular.
Figure 36 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 36 - Forelimb of Abrictosaurus consors from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) of the right forelimb in anterior and ventral views (NHMUK RU B54). Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A and B. Abbreviations: dc distal carpal dpc deltopectoral crest fr fragment h humerus mc1-5 metacarpals 1-5 ph I-1 phalanx 1 of manual digit I ph II-1 phalanx 1 of manual digit II ph III-1 phalanx 1 of manual digit III ph III-2 phalanx 2 of manual digit III ph V-1 phalanx 1 of manual digit V po postorbital ra radius sk skull ul ulna ule ulnare.
Figure 33 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 33 - Maxillary teeth of Abrictosaurus consors from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot Formation of South Africa. Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) of replacing crown medial to posterior right maxillary tooth in medial (lingual) view (NHMUK RU B54). Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bar in A equals 5 mm; scale bar in B equals 3 mm. Abbreviations: m11-14 maxillary tooth 11–14 rc replacement crown.
Figure 41 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 41 - Posterior dentition of Heterodontosaurus tucki from from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Tooth wear and replacement in posterior maxillary and dentary teeth of a juvenile skull (AMNH 24000). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) in right lateral view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; grey tone indicates matrix; pink tone indicates wear facets. Scale bars equal 2 cm in A and 1 cm in B. Abbreviations: asaf anterior surangular foramen c coronoid cp coronoid process d dentary d7, 11 dentary tooth 7, 11 ec ectopterygoid jfl jugal flange m maxilla m8, 11 maxillary tooth 8, 11 mpcf mesial paracingular fossa pri primary ridge sa surangular wf wear facet.
Figure 52 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 52 - Tooth structure, occlusion, and replacement in Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Elliot and Clarens Formations of South Africa. Successive horizontal computed-tomographic sections in cutaway view of a subadult skull (AMNH 24000). A Posterior portion of skull in right lateral view showing the location of horizontal cross-sections B, C Cross-sections (anterior toward top of page) through the dentary. Abbreviations: d8, 9, 11 dentary tooth 8, 9, 11 rd10, 11 replacement dentary tooth 10, 11 sp splenial.
Figure 51 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 51 - Tooth structure, occlusion, and replacement in Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Elliot and Clarens Formations of South Africa. Successive horizontal computed-tomographic sections in cutaway view of a subadult skull (AMNH 24000). A Posterior portion of skull in right lateral view showing the location of horizontal cross-sections B, C Cross-sections (anterior toward top of page) through occluding portions of maxillary and dentary tooth rows.Abbreviations: d dentary d8-11 dentary teeth 8-11 m maxilla m9, 10 maxillary tooth 9, 10 ocp occlusal plane rd10 replacement dentary tooth 10.
Figure 58 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 58 - Skull of Heterodontosaurus tucki from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Skull reconstruction in left lateral view from Norman et al. (2011). Abbreviations: a angular antfe antorbital fenestra antfo antorbital fossa ar articular bo basioccipital c coronoid d dentary f frontal j jugal jfl jugal flange jh jugal horn l lacrimal m maxilla n nasal nf narial fossa p parietal pap palpebral pd predentary pm premaxilla po postorbital popr paroccipital process prf prefrontal q quadrate qf quadrate foramen qj quadratojugal sa surangular sq squamosal.
Figure 38 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 38 - Snout of the heterodontosaurid Heterodontosaurus tucki from from the Lower Jurassic Upper Elliot and Clarens formations of South Africa. Anterior one-half of a juvenile skull (SAM-PK-K10487). Stereopair (A) and line drawing (B) in anterolateral view. Hatching indicates broken bone; dashed lines indicate estimated edges; tone indicates matrix. Scale bars equal 1 cm in A and B. Abbreviations: apd articular surface for predentary apmf anterior premaxillary foramen d dentary d1 dentary tooth 1 f frontal fo foramen j jugal l lacrimal m maxilla mt maxillary teeth n nasal nd nasal depression nf narial fossa pap palpebral pd predentary pm premaxilla po postorbital prf prefrontal.
Figure 7 from: Sereno P (2012) Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1-225. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.226.2840
Figure 7 - Postcranial remains of Pisanosaurus mertii from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. Drawings of the holotype (PVL 2577) in the field (from Bonaparte 1976) (A) and impression of central portion of the right pelvic girdle and head of the femur in medial view as previously interpreted (from Bonaparte 1976) (B) and in this study (C). Dashed lines indicate estimated edges; hatching in B indicates broken bone and matrix; hatching in C indicates broken bone; tone in C indicates matrix. Scale bar for B and C equals 1 cm. Abbreviations: III, IV pedal digit III, IV fh femur head fi fibula il ilium is ischium mc metacarpal mt3, 4 metatarsal 3, 4 pu pubis scb scapular blade sr sacral rib ti tibia.
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