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22,549 results for “AND LTER”
Soil water and chloride concentration profiles in 20 playas at the Jornada Basin LTER site in 2014
This data package contains soil water and chloride content data from cores collected in 20 playas in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico, USA. The objectives of this work were to assess the rates and controls of groundwater recharge through playas in the Southwestern USA. The twenty playas were cored to 5 meter depth and we used the chloride mass balance (CMB) approach to empirically estimate groundwater recharge beneath playa surfaces. The measured variables are gravimetric soil moisture (kg water/kg soil), soil bulk density (kg/m3), volumetric water content (m3/m3), and porewater chloride (mg/L). All data were taken from playa ecosystems. All measurements were taken in June 2014. This study is complete. For further information, refer to: McKenna, Owen P., and Osvaldo E. Sala. "Groundwater recharge in desert playas: current rates and future effects of climate change." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 1 (2018): 014025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9eb6
Biotic and abiotic composition of biological soil crusts in grassland and tarbush ecosystems at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2017-2018
This data package contains data on biotic and abiotic composition of biological soil crusts at grassland and shrubland sites at the Jornada Basin LTER site. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) of three types, cyanolichen, dark algal, and light algal, were collected during the summer 2017, fall 2017, and spring 2018 seasons to discern differences between two vegetation states (grass and tarbush). A total of 51 biocrusts were collected from 3 tarbush sites and 3 grass sites. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used to characterize the microfloral community, while a modified extraction method was employed to observe direct counts of microfauna (multicellular microbes and protists). Soil chemical analysis was also used to obtain nutrient concentrations of each biocrust. Data include microfauna counts, microflora biomass, and soil nutrient composition. This study is complete.
KBS LTER Global Positioning System Data at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1988 to 2014)
Dataset Abstract The KBS LTER uses submeter accuracy GPS to record many locations such as plot corners, gas flux chamber, leaf litter trap locations, soil water samplers (lysimeter), etc. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/42
Water Chemistry in Streams, Lakes Wetlands and Groundwater near the KBS LTER at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1996 to 2017)
Dataset Abstract Water chemistry is measured in diverse surface waters and in two water supply wells in the vicinity of the KBS LTER. This dataset includes sites sampled over time (streams, wells, some wetlands) as well as wetland sites sampled once or a few times. A separate dataset includes soil water chemistry sampled from the LTER treatments. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/50
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Landscape Albedo in Taylor Valley, Antarctica from 2015 to 2019
This data package contains reflectance data and associated aerial images collected using a helicopter-suspended "albedo box," in which a shortwave radiometer and camera where mounted facing downward. The purpose of this study was to measure how surface reflectance varies within and across landscape types (glaciers, lakes, and soils) over the course of a single field season as well as across multiple field seasons. We made five flights in the 2015-2016 field season (20 November 2015, 7 December 2015, 24 December 2015, 5 January 2016, and 12 January 2016), five flights in the 2016-2017 field season (11 November 2016, 3 December 2016, 14 December 2016, 3 January 2017, 23 January 2017), four flights in the 2017-2018 field season (22 November 2017, 7 December 2017, 27 December 2017, 13 January 2018), and two flights in the 2018-2019 field season (23 November 2018, 9 January 2019). Flights originated from Lake Hoare field camp, flew down-valley over Canada Glacier, Lake Fryxell, and Commonwealth Glacier, then turned around and flew up-valley to Taylor Glacier Meteorological Station, after which they returned to Lake Hoare field camp. Flights took roughly one hour and were flown at approximately 25.72 m s-1 (50 knots) and 91.44 m (300 ft) above the ground surface. These data can be normalized to incoming solar radiation (measured in-situ at meteorological stations) to calculate landscape albedo. When collected several times throughout a season, these results can show how snow distribution and physical changes to glacier and lake ice impact the amount of incoming radiation that is absorbed, while also tracking the influence of deposited sediment on ice surfaces. Moreover, these data are important for quantifying the long-term changes in energy connectivity between the atmosphere and the landscape (i.e., addressing Hypothesis 1 of the MCM V funding cycle).
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Nutrient tracer injection experiments in supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier, Antarctica, January 2019
This dataset contains a series of grab samples collected from nutrient tracer injection experiments conducted in supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The purpose of these experiments was to measure potential nutrient uptake in supraglacial stream networks. We chose three reaches and co-injected nutrient tracer(s) and a conservative tracer (NaCl). Tracers were injected at the top of each reach, allowed to mix with the stream water, and move downstream. Grab samples in this dataset were collected at the base of the reach over the course of these tracer experiments, which ran from 14-19 January 2019.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Dissolved oxygen measurements in supraglacial streams on Canada Glacier, Antarctica, January 2019
We installed dissolved oxygen sensors in three locations on a supraglacial stream network on Canada Glacier in Taylor Valley, Antarctica in conjunction with a series of nutrient tracer injection experiments. This data collection was intended to provide context for respiration and primary productivity via dissolved oxygen dynamics during our nutrient tracer injections. Sensors were deployed a day before the start of the tracer series and collected on the last day of experiments. Over the course of their deployment, two of the three locations had issues with freezing around the sensor and produced large artifacts (swings) in the data.Â
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Nutrient addition incubation experiments using sediments from supraglacial streams in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, December 2017
We used sediment incubations to quantify and compare nutrient uptake rates from biota living in sediment across glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Hughes Glacier is located towards the polar plateau on the western edge of the valley and flows from the southern Kukri Hills north into the valley. Canada and Commonwealth glaciers flow south into the valley from the Asgard range. Commonwealth glacier is located closest to the ocean on the east end of the valley. Canada glacier is located mid-valley, between Hughes and Commonwealth glaciers. Sediment was brought to the lab and incubated with added nutrient solutions. Solutions were then analyzed to determine change in nutrient concentration.Â
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Microbial mat biomass and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from Lake Fryxell Basin, Antarctica, January 2018
This package contains data collected from microbial mat surveys (i.e., percent cover, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and pigment concentrations – chlorophyll-a, scytonemin, and carotenoids) associated with satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from the Lake Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare key microbial mat characteristics to NDVI. Data were collected at seven plot locations within the Canada Glacier Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) near Canada Stream, as well as alongside Green Creek and McKnight Creek. NDVI values were derived from a WorldView-2 multispectral satellite image taken of the Lake Fryxell Basin on January 19, 2018, while biological ground surveying and sampling were conducted during the 2nd and 4th weeks of January 2018.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Transplant Lake Integrated Connectivity Experiment (tLICE) in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, January 2018
The purpose of this experiment, performed as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (MCM LTER) program, was to investigate the impact of lake level rise and moat expansion on microbial community diversity and function in the East Lobe of Lake Bonney, located in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The “tLICE†experiment tested the following MCM5 Hypotheses: H3-Disturbance increases connectivity and accelerates shifts towards homogeneity, and H4-Decreased heterogeneity reduces community resistance and resilience. Lake water from the East Lobe of Lake Bonney was collected at depths representing maximum phytoplankton productivity (5 m, 17 m, 23 m), and transferred to dialysis bags. The bags were then attached to PVC frames and transplanted to new locations within the lake in two experiments: 1) a moat transplant, in which 5 m communities were transplanted to the open water moat; and 2) shallow to deep transplant, in which communities from all three sampling depths were moved 3 m down the water column to mimic approximately one decade of lake level rise. Transplanted samples were incubated under these conditions for two weeks, and then frames were recovered and samples were processed for a number of measurements. This data package includes the following measurements: nutrient concentration, chlorophyll-a content, chlorophyll fluorescence, cell density, amplicon gene sequences (16S and 18S rRNA genes), and physical parameters.
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Stoichiometry Experiment in Taylor Valley, Antarctica from 2007 to 2016
Soil communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are subject to many limitations, including resource limitations. However, the nutrients that are predominantly limiting to growth and diversity of soil biota are not known. Additionally, landscape history (N deposition, P weathering) and native N and P content (glacial till provenance) may influence the ability of soil communities to respond to nutrient additions or changes in nutrient availability associated with environmental change. Long-term experiments in the Bonney and Fryxell basins have been established with yearly application of aqueous nutrient additions: C, N, P, CN, and CP. Multiple nutrients additions were made at the Redfield Ratio of 106:16:1 (C:N:P). Responses of soil chemistry, CO2 flux, and biota are reported.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Changes in the abundance of fish functional groups: Adam et al. 2014 Oecologia
These data were generated from two long-term time series (knb-lter-mcr.4 and knb-lter-mcr.6) in order to analyze the relationship between the cover of live and dead branching corals and changes in the abundance of different functional groups of fishes following the loss of coral on the fore reef of Moorea due to an outbreak of corallivorous crown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster planci) and a tropical cylcone. Analyses were conducted in support of an ecological manuscript published in Oecologia Adam, T. C., Brooks, A. J., Holbrook, S. J., Schmitt, R. J., Washburn, L., Bernardi, G. How will coral reef fish communities respond to climate-driven disturbances? Insight from landscape-scale perturbations. Global climate change is rapidly altering disturbance regimes in many ecosystems including coral reefs, yet the long-term impacts of these changes on ecosystem structure and function are difficult to predict. A major ecosystem service provided by coral reefs is the provisioning of physical habitat for other organisms, and consequently, many of the effects of climate change on coral reefs will be mediated by their impacts on habitat structure. Therefore, there is urgent need to understand the independent and combined effects of coral mortality and loss of physical habitat on reef-associated biota. Here, we use a unique series of events affecting the coral reefs around the Pacific island of Moorea, French Polynesia to differentiate between the impacts of coral mortality and the degradation of physical habitat on the structure of reef fish communities. We found that by removing large amounts of physical habitat, a tropical cyclone had larger impacts on reef fish communities than an outbreak of coral-eating sea stars that caused widespread coral mortality but left the physical structure intact. In addition, the impacts of declining structural complexity on reef fish assemblages accelerated as structure became increasingly rare. Structure provided by dead coral colonies can t
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Particle sedimentation on the Forereef, Back Reef and Fringing Reef
This data package contains measurements of the sedimentation rate of particulate matter to the seafloor on the forereef, backreef and fringing reef of the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, during 2 to 4 seasons per year from August 2005 to January 2011. Measurements include estimates of the accumulation rate of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and dry mass. Samples were collected with 2 different types of sediment traps. From August, 2005 to January 2008 samples were collected using plastic door matting placed in plastic trays 1 cm deep and 195.5 cm2 in area. From January, 2008 to January, 2011 samples were collected in plastic tubes 5.2 cm inside diameter and 17.5 cm high (21.26 cm2). During each sampling period 3 replicate traps were placed at random on the seafloor and retrieved approximately 24 hours later. See caveats to data interpretation in methods discussion.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Zooplankton Composition and Abundance
This data package contains zooplankton abundance and taxonomic composition measured at 5 stations on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia: Forereef, Backreef, Fringing Reef, Cooks Bay, and Oceanic (5 km due north) from 2005 to 2010. Day time measurements over the reef were taken with a 30 cm, 200 μm mesh plankton net equipped with a slow speed General Oceanics Model 2030 flow meter. Nets were swum horizontally by a diver 1 m above the bottom at Forereef, Backreef and Fringing Reef sites. Daytime sampling at the Oceanic and Cooks Bay sites consisted of 0-50 m, 0-100 or 0-30 m vertical tows with a 30 cm, 200 μm mesh plankton net equipped with a standard General Oceanics Model 2030 flow meter. Nighttime sampling and some daytime sampling was done at the Forereef, Backreef and Fringing Reef sites using automated plankton pumps equipped with flow meters and 200 μm internal nets (described in Alldredge and King, 2009). These pumps sampled 75 cm above the bottom for 1 to 1.5 hours beginning at 11 pm local time. Nocturnal zooplankton abundance was sensitive to lunar phase. On some sampling dates pump samples were taken at the same depth in duplicate, or at several different depths simultaneously. The zooplankton time series was terminated when it became clear that the variability in zooplankton abundance over just 50 cm difference in depth over the reef was greater than the variability seasonally or even day to night (Alldredge and King, 2009). Alldredge AL and J M King 2009. Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: Implications for coral reef planktivores. Coral Reefs 28:895-908. DOI: 10.1007/s00338-009-0534-4
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Adult threespot dascyllus and their host anemones, ongoing since 1992
These data describe the abundance of adult-stage three-spot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus), a planktivorous damselfish, and their juvenile microhabitat, the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica. Surveys were begun in 1992 and have been conducted two to four times annually by the same observer in the lagoons of the north shore of the island of Moorea in French Polynesia.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community Dynamics: Physical Characteristics of Branching Acropora Patches and Species Richness and Abundances of Associated Fishes
Branching corals, like many in the genus Acropora, provide structurally complex habitats for reef fishes and other organisms. Fluctuations in the abundance, distribution and characteristics of staghorn Acroporid corals may contribute to changes in the abundance and species composition of reef fishes due to changes in the availability of shelter habitat and food. Farming damselfishes of the genus Stegastes occur in high abundances in staghorn thickets and actively defend food and nest space against organisms that threaten these resources. Here I examine the value of staghorn thickets as habitat for fishes, and how the presence of territorial farming damselfishes may influence the assemblage of fishes that associate with staghorn corals. Surveys of 185 Acropora pulchra thickets located in the lagoons surrounding the island of Moorea, French Polynesia revealed 85 species of fish from 25 families. Total fish abundance and species richness values ranged from no fish on a thicket to a high of 275 individuals and 26 species. Thicket area was the most important characteristic in explaining variation in attributes of the fish assemblage among staghorn thickets, with other characteristics explaining little of the species composition or trophic structure. Behavioral observations revealed that farming damselfishes were most aggressive toward corallivores, herbivores, and egg predators, while they ignored most carnivores and omnivores. Despite this pattern, I observed positive covariance between Stegastes and the group of fishes that elicited the strongest aggressive response when the effect of thicket area was removed, suggesting these fishes remain drawn to the resources produced or enhanced by Stegastes on A. pulchra thickets.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Demersal Zooplankton Composition and Abundance
This data package contains demersal zooplankton abundance and taxonomic composition measured at 3 stations on the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia: Forereef, Backreef and Fringing Reef from 2005 to 2010. Demersal zooplankton emerging from sand or rubble substrates on the reef during the night were captured in 8 inverted funnel traps placed on the substrate in the late afternoon and retrieved the following morning. Traps were made of 200 μm mesh netting with the opening to the cod end located 18 cm above the bottom. Four traps, each covering 0.0615 m2 of substrate, were combined to obtain one sample for counting. The table reports means of 2 replicates each containing 4 combined traps. Traps placed over sand were pushed into the substrate. However, traps over rubble had numerous gaps along their bases allowing some contamination from the water column. Data are expressed as number of animals emerging per square meter of bottom.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Sand Flat Sampling: Sand Infaunal Surveys
These data represent abundances of infaunal invertebrates in lagoonal sand flats along the north shore of Moorea. Surveys were conducted once along five transects in the Vaipahu lagoon within the LTER 1 study site. The number of individuals from distinct invertebrate taxa were counted from 1815 cubic centimeter sand cores taken at varying distances from a large patch reef. The data also include sand grain size distributions.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Seawater pH, Temperature and Depth Time Series from Bottom-mounted Sensors on the Fringing Reef, January-March 2012
Bottom-mounted instrumentation (SeaFET, Seabird thermisters, Hobo water level data loggers) sampled for 8 weeks on the fringing reef of Moorea Island, French Polynesia at site LTER Fringe 1. Sampling began in January 2012. The instruments were secured to a cement piling at 3.3 meters depth and 0.7 meters above the sandy bottom. The SeaFET recorded voltages from a thermistor and pH electrodes at a 10-minute sampling interval. Discrete seawater samples were collected using a Niskin bottle during the deployment; pH, salinity, and total alkalinity of this sample were measured to calculate seawater pH (total scale) from raw SeaFET data as well as other carbonate chemistry parameters. Adjacent to the SeaFET were two thermistors and two HOBO® water level data loggers, synchronized with the SeaFET to simultaneously record temperature and depth.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Pocillopora Abundance, Cover and Recruitment data for Tsounis and Edmunds 2016 Peer J
The dataset contains stony coral cover percent and Pocillopora cover obtained in on the north shore of Moorea in 2010 and 2014/2015 using photoqudrats. A subset of the data were obtained by counting adults and juveniles in situ using quadrats. Recruitment rates were quantified using settlement tiles. These data support the publication Tsounis and Edmunds, The potential for self-seeding by the coral Pocillopora spp. In Moorea, French Polynesia, Peer J, 2016.
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