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10,767 results for “Contribution”
Data from: A clinal polymorphism in the insulin signaling transcription factor foxo contributes to life-history adaptation in Drosophila
A fundamental aim of adaptation genomics is to identify polymorphisms that underpin variation in fitness traits. In D. melanogaster latitudinal life-history clines exist on multiple continents and make an excellent system for dissecting the genetics of adaptation. We have previously identified numerous clinal SNPs in insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS), a pathway known from mutant studies to affect life history. However, the effects of natural variants in this pathway remain poorly understood. Here we investigate how two clinal alternative alleles at foxo, a transcriptional effector of IIS, affect fitness components (viability, size, starvation resistance, fat content). We assessed this polymorphism from the North American cline by reconstituting outbred populations, fixed for either the low- or high-latitude allele, from inbred DGRP lines. Since diet and temperature modulate IIS, we phenotyped alleles across two temperatures (18°C, 25°C) and two diets differing in sugar source and content. Consistent with clinal expectations, the high-latitude allele conferred larger body size and reduced wing loading. Alleles also differed in starvation resistance and expression of InR, a transcriptional target of FOXO. Allelic reaction norms were mostly parallel, with few GxE interactions. Together, our results suggest that variation in IIS makes a major contribution to clinal life-history adaptation.
Multiple chromosomal inversions contribute to adaptive divergence of a dune sunflower ecotype
<p>Both models and case studies suggest that chromosomal inversions can facilitate adaptation and speciation in the presence of gene flow by suppressing recombination between locally adapted alleles. Until recently, however, it has been laborious and time-consuming to identify and genotype inversions in natural populations. Here we apply RAD sequencing data and newly developed population genomic approaches to identify putative inversions that differentiate a sand dune ecotype of the prairie sunflower (<em>Helianthus petiolaris</em>) from populations found on the adjacent sand sheet. We detected seven large genomic regions that exhibit a different population structure than the rest of the genome and that vary in frequency between dune and non-dune populations. These regions also show high linkage disequilibrium and high heterozygosity between, but not within arrangements, consistent with the behavior of large inversions, an inference subsequently validated in part by comparative genetic mapping. Genome-environment association analyses show that key environmental variables, including vegetation cover and soil nitrogen, are significantly associated with inversions. The inversions co-locate with previously described "islands of differentiation," and appear to play an important role in adaptive divergence and incipient speciation within <em>H. petiolaris</em>.</p>
NAIST contribution to ZeroSpeech 2017 (Track 1)
<p>This is the official submission of NAIST for track 1 of the zero resource speech challenge 2017 (ZeroSpeech2017).</p> <p>Our system uses feature vector optimized DPGMM based clustering for unsupervised subword modeling. The general idea is to unsupervisedly learn frame-level class labels in a first run of DPGMM based clustering. These labels are then used to automatically learn speech feature transformations (LDA, MLLT, (basis) fMLLR) to improve discriminability and to reduce speaker variance. The optimized feature vectors are re-clustered and frame-wise posteriorgrams are extracted to serve as new speech representation.</p> <p>The system also applies posteriorgram based model combination.</p> <p>This pipeline is entirely unsupervised and only needs the raw audio recordings as input. No pre-defined segmentation, speaker IDs or other meta data is required.</p> <p>The only parameter subject to tuning is the LDA output dimensionality, which in this case has been optimized on the development data sets (english, french, mandarin) and tested on the surprise language data sets (LANG1, LANG2).</p> <p>Since the output is posteriorgrams, the ABX scoring needs to be done with the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence.</p>
Data and code for "Competition contributes to quantitative mismatches between plant fitness and occurrence along environmental gradients"
<p>This repository contains data and code for the following manuscript: Hayashi, K. T., & Kraft, N. J. B. (2025). Competition contributes to quantitative mismatches between plant fitness and occurrence along environmental gradients. Journal of Ecology, 113, 2590–2602. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70115">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70115</a></p>
Repository for tunable reciprocal and nonreciprocal contributions to 1D Coulomb Drag
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The overlooked contribution of the seasonal mixed layer pump to carbon export in low-latitude regions
<ul> <li> <p><strong>MLP_data_processing.R</strong><br>Code for preprocessing datasets in the study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>MLP_figures.R</strong><br>Code for generating all figures presented in the study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>MLP_functions.R</strong><br>Code of custom functions in the study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>low_bbs_all.RData</strong><br>Quality-controlled BGC-Argo floats dataset in this study</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>low_mlp_ncp_ratio_new_2023.RData</strong><br>EMLP and EMLP/EP for all 37 float_year</p> </li> <li><strong>low_mlp_ratio_2023.RData</strong><br>1°*1° EMLP and EMLP/EP for low-latitude regions</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data from: Functional trait plasticity diverges between sexes in African cichlids: a contribution toward ecological sexual dimorphism?
<p>Phenotypic plasticity enables development to produce multiple phenotypes in response to environmental conditions. Plasticity driven variation has been suggested to play a key role in adaptive divergence, and plasticity itself can evolve. However, the interaction of plasticity with the multiple levels involved with adaptive divergence is less understood. For example, sexual dimorphism can contribute to adaptive variation through ecological sexual dimorphism (ESD), but the contribution of plasticity to this phenomenon is unknown. Therefore, to determine the potential contribution of plasticity to ESD, we used the adaptive radiation of Malawi cichlids. Two mouthbrooding species (<em>Labeotropheus fuelleborni </em>and <em>Tropheops</em> "Red Cheek", hereafter LF and TRC respectively) with differences in foraging tactics underwent foraging experiments using benthic and limnetic treatments while accounting for sex. Plasticity in craniofacial shape and three functionally important traits were measured. Plasticity was shown, but without any sex-based differences in shape. However, for mechanical advantage traits of the mandible sex by diet interactions were found. This suggests that ESD, may be influenced by phenotypic plasticity that diverges between sexes. Given the involvement of the mandible in parental care in cichlids this may indicate that sexual divergence in plasticity may trade-off against maternal care tactics.</p>
Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
<p>Microbial communities are highly diverse, yet the mechanisms underlying microbial community assembly are not well understood. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis proposed that climatic barriers and dispersal limitation shape communities to a greater extent in mountains with lower climatic variability and overlap, permitting higher levels of species coexistence. Here, we investigate changes in microbial community dissimilarities, distributional range sizes and ecological processes along elevational gradients in three montane ecosystems representing a climatic variability gradient. We found that climate, climatic variability and spatial distance play dominating roles in affecting microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes along elevational gradients. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis can be applied for microbial community assembly: mountains with lower climatic variability and higher climatic difference between elevations exhibited higher β-diversity, higher endemism, lower range sizes, and steeper distance-decay trends. However, microbial communities experience clear climate-driven limited range sizes and dispersal processes and show typical endemic patterns in all mountain ecosystems. Our results emphasize the importance of dispersal and climatic niche processes in shaping montane biodiversity. As a result, changes in climate may significantly impact soil biodiversity in montane ecosystems by altering the effects of dispersal limitation and climatic variability on bacterial and fungal community composition along elevational gradients.</p>
Figs 51-53 in New data on the Oriental Xantholinini. XXIV. Nine new taxa of Paratesba from Danum Valley, Sabah, and dichotomic key of the bornean species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). 221° contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae
Figs 51-53: Aedeagus, tergite and sternite of male genital segment of Paratesba differens nov.sp.
Figure 1 in Bird checklist and contributions to conservation of the Atlantic forest-cerrado ecotone in Três Lagoas municipality, Brazil
Figure 1. Três Lagoas Municipality map, Atlantic forest-cerrado ecotone and survey and localities (1-31).
Fig. 8 in Contribution to the knowledge of Batrachideini (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae): description of two new flightless genera, Naskreckiana and Procellator, and revision of the status of Eotetrix
Fig. 8. The natural habitat of Procellator kai gen. & sp. nov. Photographed by Kai Squires.
Figure 5 in Taxonomic contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Orbiculobates (Acari, Oribatida, Plasmobatidae)
Figure 5. Orbiculobates bicornutus sp. nov. (adult) – Dorsal view (exuvial scalps not shown).
Spatial source contribution and interannual variation in deposition of dust aerosols over the Chinese Loess Plateau (Haugvaldstad et al 2024)
<h2>Spatial source contribution and interannual variation in deposition of dust aerosols over the Chinese Loess Plateau</h2> <h4>Description:</h4> <p>The data.zip file contains processed FLEXPART/FLEXDUST and ERA5 data. ERA5 is used for meteorological analysis. FLEXDUST is the dust emission inventory used for calculating the source contribution. Combined source contribution is separated for each receptor site. The "clay" suffix in the file name refers the fine dust size-bin, the "silt" suffix refers to the super-coarse size-bin. For more information look at the published manuscript. The MERRA2.zip contain the data used in the FLEXPART MERRA2 intercomparison.</p> <p>The complete 3hourly FLEXPART source contribution and Emissions sensitivity are available from the Norwegian research data archive (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11582/2023.00135">10.11582/2023.00135</a>). The simulated FLEXDUST 3 hourly dust emission are also available from the Norwegian research data archive (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.11582/2023.00134">10.11582/2023.00134</a>)</p> <h4>Data Format:</h4> <p>NetCDF4, CSV</p> <h4>Usage Notes:</h4> <p>The content of the zip file is used to generate the figures shown in Haugvaldstad et al 2023. To processes and recreate the figures in the manuscript there is a provided docker image that can be pulled with the following command: <em>docker pull ovewh/thesisdocker:build1.1.8</em>. More info <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/ovewh/thesisdocker">here. </a></p> <p>The following GitHub repositories are used to analyse and plot the data, if the docker image is used codes should be downloaded automatically. </p> <ul> <li>Snakemake workflow: <a href="https://github.com/MasterOnDust/AGU_JGR_CLP_SOURCE_WORKFLOW/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023">https://github.com/MasterOnDust/AGU_JGR_CLP_SOURCE_WORKFLOW/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023</a></li> <li>Python library with plotting functionality and analysis utilities: <a href="https://github.com/MasterOnDust/Thesis_toolbox/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023">https://github.com/MasterOnDust/Thesis_toolbox/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023</a></li> <li>Python library for trajectory analysis: <a href="https://github.com/MasterOnDust/flexpart_cluster/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023">https://github.com/MasterOnDust/flexpart_cluster/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023</a></li> <li>Python library for reading and post processing for FLEXPART and FLEXDUST raw output: <a href="https://github.com/MasterOnDust/DUST/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023">https://github.com/MasterOnDust/DUST/tree/AGU-Haugvaldstad-et-al-2023</a></li> </ul>
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid contributes to improved hepatic lipid metabolism via GPR41
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid (HMPA) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota through the conversion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), which is a widely distributed hydroxycinnamic acid-derived metabolite found abundantly in plants. Several beneficial effects of HMPA have been suggested, such as antidiabetic properties, anticancer activities, and cognitive function improvement, in animal models and human studies. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the bioaccessibility and bioavailability profile following HMPA intake and the substantial modulation of metabolic homeostasis by HMPA require further elucidation. In this study, we effectively identified and characterized HMPA-specific GPR41 receptor, with greater affinity than HMCA. The activation of this receptor plays a crucial role in the anti-obesity effects and improvement of hepatic steatosis by stimulating the lipid catabolism pathway. For the improvement of metabolic disorders, our results provide insights into the development of functional foods, including HMPA, and preventive pharmaceuticals targeting GPR41.</span></p>
. in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 33.-37 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications
Fig. 38 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 38. Peristome teeth of Polytrichum commune with its cell base, magnification x 250.
Fig. 20 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 20. Part of a longitudinal section of the same capsule and the same magnification.
Fig. 22 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 22. Part of a longitudinal section, and
Fig. 19 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 19. and above the annulus of a capsule of Splachnum sphaericum. Magnification x 250.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.