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FIG. 11 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 11. — Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male: A-G, J, male holotype; H, I, paratype, CAD 775; A-D, left palpal bulb, ventral view (A), prolateral view (B), retrolateral view (C), dorsal view (D); E, F, left palp, prolateral view (E), retrolateral view (F); G, left leg I, retrolateral view; H, left chelicera, pro-lateral view; I, serrula on maxilla, frontal view; J, left bulb embolus, detail on dorsal view. Scale bars: A-H, 0.5 mm; I, J, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 14 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 14. — Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male: A-G, J, male holotype; H, I, paratype CAD 777; A-D, left palpal bulb, ventral view (A), prolateral view (B), retrolateral view (C), dorsal view (D); E, F, left palp, prolateral view (E), retrolateral view (F); G, left leg I, retrolateral view; H, left chelicera, prolateral view; I, serrula on maxilla, frontal view; J, left bulb embolus, detail on dorsal view. Scale bars: A-H, 0.5 mm; I, J, 0.1mm.

FIG. 6 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 6. — Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., female spermathecae development in the same juvenile female, CAD 767: A, first obtained exuvia; B, subsequent exuvia. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIG. 12 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 12. — Collecting site of Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp. paratype: A, pasture with Cerrado (seasonal forest) in the background; B, C, Cerrado (seasonal forest); D, E, juvenile collected within a fallen log, all near Jaraguá cave, Bonito, in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Scale bars: D, 50 mm, E, 10 mm. Photos: Victor M. Ghirotto.

FIG. 1 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 1. — Habitus of the Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 new species: A-C, Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male holotype (A), female paratype, CAD 764 (B), subadult male (C); D, E, Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male paratype, CAD 775 (D); juvenile male (E); F, Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male paratype, CAD 777; G, H, Stenoterommata egric Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., specimens, male holotype (G); female paratype, CAD 781 (H). Scale bars: 5 mm. Photos: A, B, Rafael P. Indicatti; C, E, G, H, Wolf J Moeller; D, F, Victor M. Ghirotto.

FIG. 5 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 5. — Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., female spermathecae variation: A, C, E, from Estação Ecológica de Itirapina; B, D, F, from Floresta Nacional de Ipanema; A, paratype, CAD 764; B, paratype CAD 766; C, paratype MZUSP; D, paratype IBSP; E, specimen CAD 768; F, paratype MNRJ 7688. Abbreviations: bd, spermathecal basal dome; r, receptaculum; sb, spermathecal base; sd, spermathecal duct. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 8 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 8. — Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp.: A, general aspect of burrows in a ravine (yellow arrows indicate burrows of females or juveniles specimens, white arrow indicate a wandering male); B, detail of burrow entrance in a ravine, C, D, female within a fallen log, detail of entrance (D); E, F, burrows between rocks crevices, juvenile (E), female (F). Scale bars: A, 50 mm, B-F, 10 mm. Photos: Rafael P. Indicatti.

FIG. 4 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 4. — Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., female body, paratype CAD 764: A, carapace, dorsal view; B, cephalothorax, ventral view; C, D, abdomen, dorsal view (C), ventral view (D). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 13 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 13. — Stenoterommata chavarii Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male holotype, body. A, carapace, dorsal view; B, cephalothorax, ventral view; C, D, abdomen, dorsal view (C), ventral view (D). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 3 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 3. — Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male: A-G, J, male holotype; H, I, paratype, CAD 765; A-D, left palpal bulb, ventral view (A), prolateral view (B), retrolateral view (C), dorsal view (D); E, left palp, prolateral view; F, right palp, retrolateral view (mirrored); G, left leg I, retrolateral view; H, left chelicera, prolateral view; I, serrula on maxilla, anterior-frontal view; J, left bulb embolus, detail on dorsal view. Abbreviations: bsd, basal region of palpal seminal duct; ch, chelicera; cy, cymbium; ea, embolic aperture; em, embolus; k, keels; ma, maxilla; ms, megaspine; psd, palpal seminal duct; ra, rastellum; rk, retrolateral keel; se, serrula; st, subtegulum; stc, superior tarsal claws; t, tegulum; tg, tegular grooves; ti, palpal tibia; tu, intercheliceral tumescence. Scale bars: A-H, 0.5 mm; I, J, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 7 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 7. — Collecting site of Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp.: A, B, Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, anthropic area of Atlantic Forest (Floresta Estacional Semidecidual) (A), Cerrado (savanna, ''campo sujo'') (B); C-E, Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Cerrado (savanna, in rocky soil) (C, D), anthropic area (E), both in state of São Paulo, Brazil. Photos: Rafael P. Indicatti.

FIG. 10 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 10. — Stenoterommata bodoquena Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., male holotype, body: A, carapace, dorsal view; B, cephalothorax, ventral view; C, D, abdomen, dorsal view (C), ventral view (D). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 9 in The genus Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 (Araneae, Pycnothelidae) in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest from Southeastern and Central Brazil: description of four new species

FIG. 9. — Stenoterommata neodiplornata Ghirotto & Indicatti, n. sp., burrows within live trees: A, burrow, c. 3 m high, arrow indicate female specimen; B, burrow entrance in exotic Pinus sp., 50 cm high; C, same, with the tree bark removed, yellow arrow indicate the original entrance and upper white arrow shows remains of prey exoskeleton and inferior arrow old exuviae in the end of chamber; D, burrows in native Cambará tree Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera, c. 2 m high, white arrow shows a male resting at side of a juvenile burrow (black arrow) and yellow arrow indicates a female within a trunk; E, male resting on trunk (yellow arrow); F, detail of a female's burrow entrance. Scale bars: A, B, D-F 50 mm; C, 20 mm. Photos: Rafael P. Indicatti.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Why has the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Africa been insignificant compared to other regions? A descriptive analysis

Method The dataset contains several confirmed COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, and death rate in six regions. The objective of the study is to compare the number of confirmed cases in Africa to other regions.  Death rate = Total number of deaths from COVID-19 divided by the Total Number of infected patients. The study provides evidence for the country-level in six regions by the World Health Organisation's classification. Findings Based on the descriptive data provided above, we conclude that the lack of tourism is one of the key reasons why COVID-19 reported cases are low in Africa compared to other regions. We also justified this claim by providing evidence from the economic freedom index, which indicates that the vast majority of African countries recorded a low index for a business environment. On the other hand, we conclude that the death rate is higher in the African region compared to other regions. This points to issues concerning health-care expenditure, low capacity for testing for COVID-19, and poor infrastructure in the region. Apart from COVID-19, there are significant pre-existing diseases, namely; Malaria, Flu, HIV/AIDS, and Ebola in the continent. This study, therefore, invites the leaders to invest massively in the health-care system, infrastructure, and human capital in order to provide a sustainable environment for today and future generations. Lastly, policy uncertainty has been a major issue in determining a sustainable development goal on the continent. This uncertainty has differentiated Africa to other regions in terms of stepping up in the time of global crisis.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Comparative morphology of immature stages and adults of Hydroscapha from Taiwan, with a description of a new species from Hong Kong (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae)

Original unedited photographs and SEM micrographs to the paper published in Raffles Journal of Zoology.

Fig. 7 in Description of eight new species of the traumatically inseminating plant bug genus Coridromius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Coridromini)

Fig. 7. Photographs and scanning electron micrographs of Coridromius taravao sp. nov. and Metrosideros collina. A. Head and pronotum, anterior view. B. Right lateral view, ♀. C. Dorsal habitus, ♀. D. Photograph of Metrosideros collina at Taravao Plateau. E. Detail of metepimeral lobe and anterior of abdomen; arrow indicates possible site of insemination. F. ♂ genitalia, apex of left paramere broken off; arrow indicates apophysis of pygophore margin. MET = metapimeral lobe.

Fig. 5 in Description of eight new species of the traumatically inseminating plant bug genus Coridromius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Coridromini)

Fig. 5. Photographs and scanning electron micrographs of Coridromius norfolkensis sp. nov. A. Lateral view, ♂. B. Head and pronotum, anterior view, ♂. C. Photograph of C. norfolkensis sp. nov. (sex unknown) on Schinus terebinthifolius, showing alternate scutellum colouration. D. Dorsal habitus, ♂. E. Metathorax and anterior of abdomen, lateral view, ♀, arrow indicates site of insemination. F. ♂ genitalia, posterior view. FG = folded groove of pygophore, LP = left paramere, MET = metepimeral lobe, RP = right paramere.

Fig. 2 in Description of eight new species of the traumatically inseminating plant bug genus Coridromius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Coridromini)

Fig. 2. Photographs and scanning electron micrographs of Coridromius eremnos sp. nov. and C. fomangsu sp. nov. — A-B. Coridromius eremnos sp. nov. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Head and pronotum, anterior view. — C-F. Coridromius fomangsu sp. nov. C. Head and pronotum, anterior view. D. Dorsal habitus. E. Male genitalia, posterior view. F. Male genitalia, posteroventral view. LP = left paramere, MLS = mesal longitudinal suture of pygophore, RP = right paramere, VAP = ventral apical process of pygophore.

Fig. 6 in Description of eight new species of the traumatically inseminating plant bug genus Coridromius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Coridromini)

Fig. 6. Photographs and scanning electron micrograph of Coridromius tafo sp. nov. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Head and pronotum, anterior view. C. ♂ genitalia. LP = left paramere, MLS = mesal longitudinal suture of pygophore, RP = right paramere, VAP = ventral apical process.