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Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in the Congo Basin N and W of the range of the Zambezi Sitatunga in S Benin (Porto Novo), S Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, N DR Congo; also several isolated populations in W Africa (Senegal, Gambia & Guinea-Bissau), NE Nigeria and W Chad, and perhaps extreme S Ghana. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research. in Bovidae

Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in the Congo Basin N and W of the range of the Zambezi Sitatunga in S Benin (Porto Novo), S Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, N DR Congo; also several isolated populations in W Africa (Senegal, Gambia & Guinea-Bissau), NE Nigeria and W Chad, and perhaps extreme S Ghana. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research.

Distribution. Java. Several biogeographic reviews failed to list the genus for Bali, an island directly east of Java with strong biogeographic affinities to the latter. A sighting was, however, reported from Bali Barat National Park, in a birdwatching trip report. Given the live-animal trade of this species on Java, further records are needed to confirm whether or not there is a native population of the genus on Bali. If there is, biogeographic considerations suggest it would be most closely related to the Javan population and quite probably conspecific. in Tragulidae

Distribution. Java. Several biogeographic reviews failed to list the genus for Bali, an island directly east of Java with strong biogeographic affinities to the latter. A sighting was, however, reported from Bali Barat National Park, in a birdwatching trip report. Given the live-animal trade of this species on Java, further records are needed to confirm whether or not there is a native population of the genus on Bali. If there is, biogeographic considerations suggest it would be most closely related to the Javan population and quite probably conspecific.

Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear. in Tragulidae

Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear.

Subspecies and Distribution. T.k.kanchilRaffles,1822—Sumatra,islandsoffESumatra(Mendol&Berhala). T.k.abruptusChasen,1935—SubiI,oftWBorneo. T.k.affinisGray,1861—Vietnam,Laos,SE&EThailand,Cambodia. T.k.anambensisChasen&Kloss,1928—AnambasArchipelago(MatakI). T.k.angustiaeKloss,1918—SMyanmar,SWThaimainland(probablylimitedtoWoftheChaoPhrayaRiver). T.k.everettiBonhote,1903—NatunaIs(Bunguran),offWBorneo. T.k.fulviventerGray,1836—SMalayPeninsula(Sof7°N). T.k.hosetBonhote,1903—Borneo(Sarawak,West,Central,East&SouthKalimantan). T.k.klossiChasen,1935—NBorneo(NEastKalimantan,E&CSabah,andpossiblyWSabahandBrunei. T.k.luteicollisLyon,1906—BangkaI,offESumatra. T.k.pidonisChasen,1940—KohPipidonI(=PhiPhiDon),offWMalayPeninsula. T.k.ravulusMiller,1903—islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(KohAdang&KohRawi). T.k.ravusMiller,1902—SThailand,NMalayPeninsula. T.k.rubeusMiller,1903—RiauArchipelago(BintanI). T.k.siantanicusChasen&Kloss,1928—AnambasArchipelago(SiantanI). T. k. subrufus Miller, 1903 — Lingga Archipelago (Lingga & Singkep Is). The range on the Asian mainland is poorly known and could occur as far north as China (S Yunnan). As stated in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of some areas of Borneo (W Sabah, Brunei & N Sarawak) and several other islands remains unclear. in Tragulidae

Subspecies and Distribution. T.k.kanchilRaffles,1822—Sumatra,islandsoffESumatra(Mendol&Berhala). T.k.abruptusChasen,1935—SubiI,oftWBorneo. T.k.affinisGray,1861—Vietnam,Laos,SE&EThailand,Cambodia. T.k.anambensisChasen&Kloss,1928—AnambasArchipelago(MatakI). T.k.angustiaeKloss,1918—SMyanmar,SWThaimainland(probablylimitedtoWoftheChaoPhrayaRiver). T.k.everettiBonhote,1903—NatunaIs(Bunguran),offWBorneo. T.k.fulviventerGray,1836—SMalayPeninsula(Sof7°N). T.k.hosetBonhote,1903—Borneo(Sarawak,West,Central,East&SouthKalimantan). T.k.klossiChasen,1935—NBorneo(NEastKalimantan,E&CSabah,andpossiblyWSabahandBrunei. T.k.luteicollisLyon,1906—BangkaI,offESumatra. T.k.pidonisChasen,1940—KohPipidonI(=PhiPhiDon),offWMalayPeninsula. T.k.ravulusMiller,1903—islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(KohAdang&KohRawi). T.k.ravusMiller,1902—SThailand,NMalayPeninsula. T.k.rubeusMiller,1903—RiauArchipelago(BintanI). T.k.siantanicusChasen&Kloss,1928—AnambasArchipelago(SiantanI). T. k. subrufus Miller, 1903 — Lingga Archipelago (Lingga & Singkep Is). The range on the Asian mainland is poorly known and could occur as far north as China (S Yunnan). As stated in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of some areas of Borneo (W Sabah, Brunei & N Sarawak) and several other islands remains unclear.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

FIGURE 6 in Studies of Neotropical crickets: New Paragryllina taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) with comments on several previously described species

FIGURE 6. Alfarogryllus panoplos (Otte, 2006) n. comb. A. Male habitus in dorsal view. B–D. Genitalia in dorsal, ventral and lateral view respectively. E. Female habitus in dorsal view. F. Hemicophus paranae Saussure, 1878 (after Saussure, 1878).

FIGURE 2 in Studies of Neotropical crickets: New Paragryllina taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) with comments on several previously described species

FIGURE 2. Male genitalia (Paragryllae genera group) A–C. Dambachia eritheles Nischk & Otte, 2000. D–E. Aclogryllus crybelos (Nischk & Otte, 2000). G–I. Bolivacla boliviana Gorochov, 2014. A, D, G. Male genitalia in dorsal view. B, E, H. ventral view. C, F, I. lateral view. A–F. After Nischk & Otte, 2000. G–I. Draw from Gorochov, 2014.

FIGURE 5 in Studies of Neotropical crickets: New Paragryllina taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) with comments on several previously described species

FIGURE 5. Paragryllus (Paragryllus) lyrae n. sp. male genitalia. A. Dorsal. B. Ventral. C. Axial and D. Lateral view respectively.

FIGURE 4 in Studies of Neotropical crickets: New Paragryllina taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) with comments on several previously described species

FIGURE 4. Paragryllus (Paragryllus) lyrae n. sp. male. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Habitus in dorsal view. D. Epiproctus. E. Stridulation file.

FIGURE 1 in Studies of Neotropical crickets: New Paragryllina taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) with comments on several previously described species

FIGURE 1. Male genitalia and female copulatory papilla (Rumeae and Benoistellae genera groups). A–C. Rumea gaschei Desutter, 1988. D–G. Silvastella epiplatys (Nischk & Otte, 2000). H–K. Benoistella guyanensis guyanensis (Chopard, 1920). L–N. Izerskya minutissima Gorochov, 2019. A, D, H, L. Male genitalia in dorsal view. B, E, I, M. ventral view. C, F, J, N. lateral view. G, K. Copulatory papilla of female. A–C, G–K. After Desutter-Grandcolas, 1992. D–F. After Nischk & Otte, 2000. L–N. Draw from Gorochov, 2019.

FIGURE 3 in Studies of Neotropical crickets: New Paragryllina taxa (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) with comments on several previously described species

FIGURE 3. Tegmina, epiproctus and male genitalia of Paragryllus subgenera (Paragryllae genera group). A–D. Paragryllus (Melloius) temulentus Saussure, 1878. E–H. Paragryllus (Souzaius) minutus Gorochov, 2009 (After Gorochov, 2009). I. Paragryllus (Paragryllus) circularis circularis Gorochov, 2007. J–L. Paragryllus (Paragryllus) circularis multinervis Gorochov, 2007 (After Gorochov, 2007). M. Bolivacla sp. N. Paragryllus (Paragryllus) martinii Guérin-Méneville, 1844. A, E, I. Male tegminae. B, F, J. male genitalia in dorsal view. C, G, K. ventral view. D, H, L. lateral view. M, N. male epiproctus.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Bracing adults with chronic low back pain secondary to severe scoliosis: six months results of a prospective pilot study.

Dataset from the paper: Bracing adults with chronic low back pain secondary to severe scoliosis: six months results of a prospective pilot study. Eur Spine J. 2021 Oct;30(10):2962-2966. doi: 10.1007/s00586-021-06808-1. Epub 2021 Mar 17. PMID: 33733328. Abstract Purpose: Adult scoliosis is sometimes associated with back pain and severe curves can progress over time. Despite scoliosis has been estimated to affect up to 68% of the population over 60, there is scant literature about conservative treatment for adult scoliosis. Recently, we tested a new brace designed to alleviate pain for adult patients with chronic pain secondary to scoliosis. The study aims to test the efficacy of a prefabricated brace in reducing pain in adult scoliosis patients. Methods: Twenty adults (age 67.8 ± 10.5, curve 61.9 ± 12.6° Cobb) with chronic low back pain (cLBP) secondary to Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS) were included. Patients were evaluated at baseline immediately before starting with the brace and after 6 months. Outcome measures were GRS, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Questionnaire (RM), COMI. The paired t test, ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis RESULTS: At six months, worst pain, leg pain and back pain were significantly improved: from 7.15 to 5.60, from 5.65 to 4.35 and from 6.55 to 5.25 (p < 0.05). Sixty-five percent of patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference of 2 points for worst pain and leg pain, 55% for back pain. RM and COMI improved (p < 0.05), no differences for ODI. Conclusion: The prefabricated brace showed a significant improvement at 6 months of worst, leg and back pain in most patients in a group of adult women with IS and cLBP. The quality of life didn't change in a clinically significant way even if the patients reported satisfaction with the treatment. Trial registration number and date of registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02643290">NCT02643290</a>, December 31, 2015.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Simulated geomagnetic perturbation data at several geomagnetic observatories for 23 July 2012 event

The data file incudes the simulated geomagentic perturbations data at 29 geomagnetic observatories for a  super solarstorm  event on 23 July 2012. The geomagnetic perturbations are calculated by the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF).

openother-atNov 2021View details →

CYCLANDS: CYCling geo-Located AccideNts, their Details and Severities

This dataset contains a collection of 30 datasets on geographically located cycling crashes across the world. This collection covers country, region, or city-wide areas in multiple easy-to-use formats, such as Comma Separated Values (CSV) files and GeoJSON files. Crashes and accidents are often published by police, cities, or other governmental agencies, but are often difficult to use and contain many missing values or errors. This collection results from the retrieval of each dataset from such sources and its subsequent cleaning, curation, and validation. The collection includes data from: Barcelona, Cambridgeshire, Chicago, Colorado, Connecticut, Denver, Detroit, France, Geneva, Germany, Helsinki, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Louisville, Madrid, Nantes, Nashville, Netherlands, New York, Pasadena, Pennsylvania, Queensland, Richmond, Rome, San Jose, Seattle, United Kingdom (Collideoscope), United Kingdom (Gov), Victoria, Washington DC. A detailed documentation of the data will be available once the data descriptor manuscript has been finalized and published.

FIGURE. Multiclavula caput-serpentis (KaiR699, holotype). a. Embankment covered by the thallus, with several groups of numerous basidiocarps (arrows). b. Thallus on soil, with a group of basidiocarps. c. Basidiocarps with different shapes, +/- lateral view. d. Basidiocarps from below-lateral. Bars a = 20 cm, b = 1 cm, c, d = 2 mm. Photos by K. Reschke. in New and interesting species of Agaricomycetes from Panama

FIGURE. Multiclavula caput-serpentis (KaiR699, holotype). a. Embankment covered by the thallus, with several groups of numerous basidiocarps (arrows). b. Thallus on soil, with a group of basidiocarps. c. Basidiocarps with different shapes, +/- lateral view. d. Basidiocarps from below-lateral. Bars a = 20 cm, b = 1 cm, c, d = 2 mm. Photos by K. Reschke.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Severe hypoxia exposure inhibits larval brain development but does not affect the capacity to mount a cortisol stress response in zebrafish

Fish nursery habitats are increasingly hypoxic and the brain is recognized as highly hypoxia-sensitive, yet there is a lack of information on the effects of hypoxia on the development and function of the larval fish brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that by inhibiting brain development, larval exposure to severe hypoxia has persistent functional effects on the cortisol stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exposing 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae to 10% dissolved O2 (DO) for 16 h only marginally reduced survival, but it decreased forebrain neural proliferation by 55%, and reduced the expression of neurod1, gfap, and mbpa, markers of determined neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes, respectively. The 5 dpf hypoxic exposure also elicited transient increases in whole body cortisol and in crf, uts1, and hsd20b2 expression, key regulators of the endocrine stress response. Hypoxia exposure at 5 dpf also inhibited the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in 10 dpf larvae and increased hypoxia tolerance. However, 10% DO exposure at 5 dpf for 16h did not affect the cortisol stress response to a novel stressor in 10 dpf larvae or the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in adult fish. Therefore, while larval exposure to severe hypoxia can inhibit brain development, it also increases hypoxia tolerance. These effects may transiently reduce the impact of hypoxia on the cortisol stress response but not its functional capacity to respond to novel stressors. We conclude that the larval cortisol stress response in zebrafish has a high capacity to cope with severe hypoxia-induced neurogenic impairment.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Drop Everything? Analyzing Developer Response to Fix a High Severity Dependency

Although using third-party libraries has become prevalent in contemporary software development, prior work are all in agreement that developers struggle to update their dependencies. They often acknowledge that due to the migration effort, priority and other issues cause lags in the adoption process. On the other hand, with a vulnerability that has showstopping potential, we expect developers to drop everything! to fix the risk. In this new idea paper, we explore a case study of when Log4JShell, which has the highest ever reported severity of 10. Our goal is to analyze the developer response in relation to how fast they migrated to a safer version, and what were the information discussed while fixing this severe vulnerability.

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Mesoscale cortex-wide neural dynamics predict self-initiated actions in mice several seconds prior to movement

Volition - the sense of control or agency over one's voluntary actions - is widely recognized as the basis of both human subjective experience and natural behavior in non-human animals. To date, several human studies have found peaks in neural activity preceding voluntary actions, e.g. the readiness potential (RP), and some have shown upcoming actions could be decoded even before awareness. While these findings may pose a challenge to traditional accounts of human volition, some have proposed that random processes underlie and explain pre-movement neural activity. Here we seek to address part of this controversy by evaluating whether pre-movement neural activity in mice contains structure beyond that present in random neural activity. Implementing a self-initiated water-rewarded lever pull paradigm in mice while recording widefield [Ca++] neural activity we find that cortical activity changes in variance seconds prior to movement and that upcoming lever pulls or spontaneous body movements could be predicted between 1 second to more than 10 seconds prior to movement, similar to but even earlier than in human studies. We show that mice, like humans, are biased towards initiation of voluntary actions during specific phases of neural activity oscillations but that the pre-movement neural code in mice changes over time and is widely distributed as behavior prediction improved when using all vs single cortical areas. These findings support the presence of structured multi-second neural dynamics preceding voluntary action beyond that expected from random processes. Our results also suggest that neural mechanisms underlying self-initiated voluntary action could be preserved between mice and humans.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

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Code for: Comparison and interpretability of machine learning models to predict severity of chest injury

Objective: Trauma quality improvement programs and registries improve care and outcomes for injured patients. Designated trauma centers calculate injury scores using dedicated trauma registrars; however, many injuries arrive at non-trauma centers, leaving a substantial amount of data uncaptured. We propose automated methods to identify severe chest injury using machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) methods from the electronic health record (EHR) for quality reporting. Materials and Methods: A level I trauma center was queried for patients presenting after injury between 2014 and 2018. Prediction modeling was performed to classify severe chest injury using a reference dataset labeled by certified registrars. Clinical documents from trauma encounters were processed into concept unique identifiers for inputs to ML models: logistic regression with elastic net regularization (EN), extreme gradient boosted machines (XGB), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). The optimal model was identified by examining predictive and face validity metrics using global explanations. Results: Of 8,952 encounters, 542 (6.1%) had a severe chest injury. CNN and EN had the highest discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 and calibration slopes between 0.88 and 0.97. CNN had better performance across risk thresholds with fewer discordant cases. Examination of global explanations demonstrated the CNN model had better face validity, with top features including "contusion of lung" and "hemopneumothorax." Discussion: The CNN model featured optimal discrimination, calibration, and clinically relevant features selected. Conclusion: NLP and ML methods to populate trauma registries for quality analyses are feasible.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →