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FIGURES 1–5 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 1–5. Leaf vein galls of Madhuca latifolia: 1, branch of a tree showing severity of gall infestation; 2, underside of leaves showing intensity of galls; 3, enlarged view of a section of leaf showing galls on tertiary veins between main secondary veins; 4, enlarged view of some galls showing single and multiple connected gall; 5, magnified view of a gall showing emergence hole.

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FIGURES 12–16 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India

FIGURES 12–16. Selitrichodes madhucae Singh & Kaneria sp. nov., female: 12, anelli of antenna; 13, forewing; 14, basal half of forewing; 15, distal part of veins showing post marginal and stigmal veins; 16, ovipositor.

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Fish habitat associations in shoal habitats and implications for climate change effects on species conservation

<p>The dataset and examples of R script used in our analysis.</p>

FIGURE 7 in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 7. Colletotrichum jiangxiense (KUMCC 21-0466). a, b Colonies on PDA. c Hyphae. d Hyphae stained by cotton blue reagent. e, f Conidophores connected with conidia (f: stained by congo red reagent). g–i Conidia (g: stained by cotton blue reagent). Scale bars: c, d = 20 μm, e–i = 10 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 6. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on a combined ITS, HIS, CAL, ACT, tub2 and GPDH sequence datasets. Related sequences were taken from Diao et al. (2017) and Chaiwan et al. (2021). The 52 strains are included in the combined gene analyses, 2882 total characters including gaps (ITS: 1–579 bp, HIS: 580–874 bp, CAL: 875–1610 bp, ACT: 1611–1888 bp, tub2: 1889–2602 bp, GPDH: 2603–2882). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -14018.222367 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated using the RAxML model, with 1867 distinct alignment patterns and 15.05% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.227166, C = 0.283924, G = 0.257262, T = 0.216566, with substitution rates AC = 1.035930, AG = 0.298823, AT = 0.248992, CG = 0.225019, CT = 4.115498, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.904631 and the Tree-Length = 0.821909. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations calculated as 0.009613 in BI analysis. The species determined in this study are indicated in red. Bootstrap values equal to or greater than 70% (ML, left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) equal to or greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hyphens (-) represent support values less than 70% in ML/0.95 in BI.

FIGURE 5 in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 5. Beauveria bassiana (KUMCC 21-0468). a Appearance of fungal colonies on PDA. b Close-up of fungal colonies. c Mycelium with conidia. d Mycelium mass stained by cotton blue reagent. e Conidia connected with conidiogenous cells and stained by cotton blue reagent. f A conidophore. g A branched mycelium stained by congo red reagent. h Minus and plus mycelium stained by congo red reagent. i Conidia stained by congo red reagent. j Conidia stained by cotton blue reagent. Scale bars: d = 50 μm, c, e = 30 μm, g, h = 10 μm, f, i, j = 5 μm.

FIGURE 4 in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 4. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on a combined ITS, rpb1, rpb2, tef1-α and Bloc sequence datasets. Related sequences were taken from Chen et al. (2018) and Khonsanit et al. (2020). A total of 81 strains are included in the combined gene analyses; 5090 total characters including gaps (ITS: 1–566 bp, rpb1: 567–1307 bp, rpb2: 1308–2430 bp, tef1-α: 2431–3429 bp, Bloc: 3430-5090 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -29154.321884 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated using the RAxML model, with 1867 distinct alignment patterns and 15.05% of undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.242248, C = 0.283924, G = 0.257262, T = 0.216566, with substitution rates AC = 0.928484, AG = 3.845624, AT = 0.649405, CG = 0.874887, CT = 4.792288, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.712530 and the Tree-Length = 1.618181. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations calculated as 0.009746 in BI analysis. The species determined in this study are indicated in red. Bootstrap values equal to or greater than 70% (ML, left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) equal to or greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. Hyphens (-) represent support values less than 70% in ML/0.95 in BI.

FIGURE 3 in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 3. Basidiobolus ranarnm (KUMCC 21-0467). a–c Appearance of colonies on PDA. d–e The branched hypha with zygospores stained by cotton blue reagent. f–g Zygospore with characteristic beak stained by cotton blue reagent. h Thick-walled zygospores stained by cotton blue reagent. i–k Producing meristospores stained by cotton blue reagent. Scale bars: d, e = 50 μm, f, g = 30 μm, h–k = 20 μm.

FIGURE 1. a in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 1. a The dead Asian House Gecko specimen, with infected areas on the forehead F-5, neck F-1, and inflamed right forelimb F-4 indicated. b, c Fungal mycelium infecting gecko's skin. d, e Inflamed right forelimb.

FIGURE 2 in Three interesting fungal species associated with the Asian House Gecko in Kunming, China

FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on a combined LSU, ITS, rpb2 and mtSSU sequence datasets. Related sequences were taken from Gryganskyi et al. (2013), Nie et al. (2020) and Al-Hatmi et al. (2021). The 14 strains are included in the combined gene analyses; 3258 total characters including gaps (LSU: 1–1021 bp, ITS: 1022–1745 bp, rpb2: 1746–2590 bp, mtSSU: 2591–3258 bp). Tree topology of the ML analysis was similar to the BI. The matrix had distinct alignment patterns, with the final ML optimization likelihood value of -10673.579273 (ln). All free model parameters were estimated using the RAxML model, with 586 distinct alignment patterns and 21.73% undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.280858, C = 0.195362, G = 0.257773, T = 0.266007, with substitution rates AC = 1.709550, AG = 4.063199, AT = 2.099405, CG = 1.130856, CT = 8.827188, GT = 1.000000. The gamma distribution shape parameter alpha = 0.109274 and the Tree-Length = 4.770478. The final average standard deviation of split frequencies at the end of total MCMC generations were calculated as 0.009712 in BI analysis. The species determined in this study are indicated in red. Bootstrap values equal to or greater than 70% (ML, left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI, right) equal to or greater than 0.90 are given at the nodes. Hyphens (-) represent support values less than 70% in ML/0.90 in BI.

FIGURE 1 in A new mycorrhizal species of Ceratobasidium (Ceratobasidiaceae) associated with roots of the epiphytic orchid Gomesa recurva from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

FIGURE 1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred with alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP≥0.95) and Maximum Likelihood boostrap support (ML≥60) are indicated at the nodes (PP/ML). The isolates in this study are highlighted in bold. Type strains of species are indicated after to the culture collection number (T). The tree was rooted with Waitea circinata IMI 375117.

FIGURE 2. Ceratobasidium gomesae COAD 3147 in A new mycorrhizal species of Ceratobasidium (Ceratobasidiaceae) associated with roots of the epiphytic orchid Gomesa recurva from Brazilian Atlantic Forest

FIGURE 2. Ceratobasidium gomesae COAD 3147. (a) Three-day-old PDA culture; (b) Hyphae stained with SYBR Green I and Calcofluor showing binucleate cells (N = nuclei; S = septa); (c) Hyphae with branching at right angles; (d) Monilioid cell chains in CMA. Scale bars C and D = 20 µm; B = 25 µm.

FIGURES 1−6 in Syncola crypsimorpha (Meyrick, 1922) (Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae): A new pest species associated with cultured lac in India

FIGURES 1−6. Adult forewing patterns and adult features of Syncola crypsimorpha and S. pulverea. 1, Forewing pattern of S. crypsimorpha. 2, Forewing pattern of S. pulverea. 3, Head of S. crypsimorpha, lateral view. Arrow indicates labial palpus ex- tending above vertex of head. 4, Base of antenna showing an unmodfied first flagellomere of S. crypsimorpha. Arrow indicates unmodified first flagellomere. 5, Forewing venation of S. crypsimorpha. Arrow indicates pterostigma between Sc and R 1. 6, Hindwing venation of S. sp. n.crypsimorpha.

FIGURES 11−12 in Syncola crypsimorpha (Meyrick, 1922) (Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae): A new pest species associated with cultured lac in India

FIGURES 11−12. Female genitalia of Syncola crypsimorpha and S. pulverea. Fig. 11, S. crypsimorpha. 12, S. pulverea.

FIGURES 7−10 in Syncola crypsimorpha (Meyrick, 1922) (Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae): A new pest species associated with cultured lac in India

FIGURES 7−10. Male genitalia of Syncola crypsimorpha and S. pulverea. Fig. 7, S. crypsimorpha. Genital capsule. Fig. 8, phallus. Fig. 9, S. pulverea, Genital capsule. Fig. 10, phallus.

Figure 3 in Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) - a new member of aphid parasitoid guilds associated with wetland habitats, with a key for identification of Diaeretellus species

Figure 3. (a) Diaeretellus ephippium, female. (b) D. heinzei, female, antenna (redrawn from Mackauer (1959)). (c) D. macrocarpus, female, flagellomeres 1 and 2. (d) D. macrocarpus, female, fore wing.

Figure 2 in Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) - a new member of aphid parasitoid guilds associated with wetland habitats, with a key for identification of Diaeretellus species

Figure 2. Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. nov. Female: (a) head; (b) mesoscutum; (c) propodeum; (d) petiole; (e) ovipositor sheaths; (g) fore wing. (f) Male genitalia.

Figure 1 in Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) - a new member of aphid parasitoid guilds associated with wetland habitats, with a key for identification of Diaeretellus species

Figure 1. Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. nov., female. (a) Antenna; (b) flagellomeres 1 and 2; (c) Flagellomere 11.

Figure 4 in Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) - a new member of aphid parasitoid guilds associated with wetland habitats, with a key for identification of Diaeretellus species

Figure 4. Diaeretellus palustris, female. (a) Antenna; (b) flagellomeres 1 and 2; (c) petiole; (d) fore wing.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Hystrignathus (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea: Hystrignathidae) associated with the Bess Beetle Passalus Interruptus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from The Peruvian Amazonia

FIGURE 4. Tanglegram for Host phylogeny (left) and associated nematodes included in the phylogenetic analysis (right). Each color corresponds to a Passalidae clade. Passalidae relationships were drawn based on recent phylogenetic hypotheses (Beza–Beza et al. 2020).