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10,735 results for “dependability”
Data from: Sex-biased dispersal creates spatial genetic structure in a parthenogenetic ant with a dependent-lineage reproductive system
Reproduction and dispersal are key aspects of species life history that influence spatial genetic structure in populations. Several ant species in the genus Cataglyphis have evolved a unique breeding system in which new reproductives (that is, queens and males) are produced asexually by parthenogenesis; in contrast, non-reproductives (that is, workers) are produced via sexual reproduction by mates from distinct genetic lineages. We investigated how these two coexisting reproductive methods affect population-level spatial genetic structure using the ant Cataglyphis mauritanica as a model. We obtained genotypes for queens and their male mates from 338 colonies, and we found that the two lineages present in the study population occurred with equal frequency. Furthermore, analysis of spatial genetic structure revealed strong sex-biased dispersal. Because queens were produced by parthenogenesis and because they dispersed over short distances, there was an extreme level of spatial structuring: a mosaic of patches composed of clonal queens was formed. Males, on the other hand, dispersed over several hundred metres and, thus, across patches, ensuring successful interlineage mating.
Data from: Predation risk affects growth and reproduction of an invasive snail and its lethal effect depends on prey size
The behavior of invasive species under predation risk has been studied extensively, but their growth and reproductive responses have rarely been investigated. We conducted experiments with juveniles and adults of the invasive freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata, and we observed changes in growth and reproduction in response to predation risk from a caged predator (Trachemys scripta elegans). P. canaliculata produced eggs earlier in the presence of predators and injured conspecifics compared with the control group (no risk), although the total number of egg masses laid by per female was exceeded by that of the controls after 15 days. Egg hatching success noticeably decreased under predation risk, and the incubation period was significantly prolonged; however, the oviposition height of the snails was not affected. A lethal effect of predation risk was detected in juvenile snails but not in adults. The growth of juvenile P. canaliculata was inhibited under predation risk, probably due to a reduction in food intake. Adult females exhibited a greater reduction in growth under predation risk than males, which likely resulted in part from the high reproductive investment of females in egg laying. These results indicate that P. canaliculata snails under predation risk face a trade-off between predator avoidance and growth and reproduction, where the lethal effect of predation risk is linked to the size of the prey.
Data from: Testing scale-dependent effects of semi-natural habitats on farmland biodiversity
The effectiveness of conservation interventions for maximizing biodiversity benefits from agri-environment schemes (AESs) is expected to depend on the quantity of seminatural habitats in the surrounding landscape. To verify this hypothesis, we developed a hierarchical sampling design to assess the effects of field boundary type and cover of seminatural habitats in the landscape at two nested spatial scales. We sampled three types of field boundaries with increasing structural complexity (grass margin, simple hedgerow, complex hedgerow) in paired landscapes with the presence or absence of seminatural habitats (radius 0.5 km), that in turn, were nested within 15 areas with different proportions of seminatural habitats at a larger spatial scale (10 × 10 km). Overall, 90 field boundaries were sampled across a Mediterranean region (northeastern Italy). We considered species richness response across three different taxonomic groups: vascular plants, butterflies, and tachinid flies. No interactions between type of field boundary and surrounding landscape were found at either 0.5 and 10 km, indicating that the quality of field boundary had the same effect irrespective of the cover of seminatural habitats. At the local scale, extended-width grass margins yielded higher plant species richness, while hedgerows yielded higher species richness of butterflies and tachinids. At the 0.5-km landscape scale, the effect of the proportion of seminatural habitats was neutral for plants and tachinids, while butterflies were positively related to the proportion of forest. At the 10-km landscape scale, only butterflies responded positively to the proportion of seminatural habitats. Our study confirmed the importance of testing multiple scales when considering species from different taxa and with different mobility. We showed that the quality of field boundaries at the local scale was an important factor in enhancing farmland biodiversity. For butterflies, AESs should focus particular attention on preservation of forest patches in agricultural landscapes within 0.5 km, as well as the conservation of seminatural habitats at a wider landscape scale.
Data from: Impacts of grazing by different large herbivores in grassland depend on plant species diversity
1. It is well documented that large herbivores have pronounced effects on plant communities in grassland ecosystems, and the extent and course of their effects can largely depend on both plant and herbivore characteristics. Previous studies highlighted the importance of plant productivity in predicting the impact of herbivores on grasslands. Yet, there has been little consideration of how different herbivores affect plant communities that, in turn, differ in plant diversity. 2. In a 2-year grazing experiment, we tested the effects of large herbivores (cattle or sheep, or both together) on plant communities under high and low plant diversity levels in eastern Eurasian steppe. 3. We found that, for high plant diversity grassland, mixed grazing by cattle and sheep significantly increases plant diversity, but we found no effect of grazing by cattle or sheep alone. Grazing by cattle or sheep alone or mixed grazing by cattle and sheep did not significantly affect plant biomass in the high diversity grassland. However, for low plant diversity grassland, grazing by cattle alone and mixed grazing by cattle and sheep significantly increased plant diversity, but significantly decreased plant biomass. There was no significant impact on both plant diversity and biomass from sheep grazing. 4. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that the effects of grazing in grassland strongly depend on herbivore assemblages and pre-grazing plant diversity. Herbivore grazing might contribute more to the maintenance of grassland structure and ecosystem functioning under high plant diversity compared with low plant diversity. Furthermore, our data suggest that multiple-species mixed grazing regimes in grassland systems with high plant diversity could represent the optimal protocol for grazing management. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining both plant and herbivore diversity to optimize ecosystem functioning.
Data from: Condition-dependent trade-offs between sexual traits, body condition and immunity: the effect of novel habitats
Background: The optimal allocation of resources to sexual signals and other life history traits is usually dependent on an individual's condition, while variation in the expression of sexual traits across environments depends on the combined effects of local adaptation, mean condition, and phenotypic responses to environment-specific cues that affect resource allocation. A clear contrast can often be drawn between natural habitats and novel habitats, such as forest plantations and urban areas. In some species, males seem to change their sexual signals in these novel environments, but why this occurs and how it affects signal reliability is still poorly understood. Results: The relative size of sexual traits and level of immune responses were significantly lower for male palmate newts Lissotriton helveticus caught in pine and eucalyptus plantations compared to those caught in native forests, but there was no habitat-dependent difference in body condition (n= 18 sites, 382 males). The reliability with which sexual traits signalled body condition and immune responses was the same in all three habitats. Finally, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in which males were maintained in pine, eucalypt or oak infused water for 21 days. Males in plantation-like water (pine or eucalypt) showed significantly lower immune responses but no change in body condition. This matches the pattern seen for field-caught males. Unlike field-caught males, however, there was no relationship between water type and relative sexual trait size. Conclusions: Pine and eucalyptus plantations are likely to be detrimental to male palmate newt because they are associated with reduced immune function and smaller sexual traits. This could be because ecological aspects of these novel habitats, such as high water turbidity or changes in male-male competition, drive selection for reduced investment into sexual traits. However, it is more probable that there are differences in the ease of acquisition, hence optimal allocation, of resources among habitats. Our mesocosm experiment also provides some evidence that water toxicity is a causal factor. Our findings offer insights into how plantations affect amphibian life histories, and how novel habitats might generate long-term selection for new resource allocation strategies in native species.
Data from: Scale-dependent home range optimality for a solitary omnivore
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity are fundamental mechanisms structuring home ranges. Under optimality, an individual should structure their space use economically to maximize fitness. We evaluated support for three hypotheses related to range optimality in American black bears (Ursus americanus), predicting (1) range location on a landscape will correspond with high vegetation productivity, (2) increasing forest fragmentation will result in larger ranges, and (3) increasing proportion of forest and/or mean vegetation productivity will result in smaller ranges. We used black bear radio telemetry data from Michigan (2009-2015), Missouri (2010-2016) and Mississippi (2008-2017), USA. Annual space use excluded winter, and we separated seasonal space use into spring, summer, and fall. We collected data from 143 bears (80 females, 63 males), resulting in 97 annual and 538 seasonal ranges. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate productivity (estimated through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) selection, and range size (km2) variation between individuals. At the annual scale, black bears consistently selected areas with greater vegetation productivity than the surrounding landscape; yet selection weakened and was more variable seasonally. Opposite to our prediction, we found that increasing fragmentation consistently resulted in smaller ranges; non-forested land covers and forest edges might provide greater abundance or more diverse foods for bears. Ranges with a greater proportion of forest were smaller, likely reflecting an increase in food and cover which could reduce movements, yet there was no support for more productive ranges also being smaller as expected from an area minimizing strategy. Black bears displayed a scale-dependent space use strategy: at larger spatial and temporal scales, productivity acted as the strongest limiting factor and energy maximizing was the dominant strategy, while an area minimizing strategy was exhibited seasonally. We revealed consistent, scale-dependent responses by black bears to environmental conditions, demonstrating the intrinsic plasticity of this adaptable omnivore.
Dataset for Generative Model of Software Dependency Graphs
<p>Data set for the paper entitled "A Generative Model of Software Dependency Graphs to Better Understand Software Evolution".</p> <p>Available files are:</p> <ul> <li>Sources archives (102 MB),</li> <li>Extracted dependencies (3.5 MB) and</li> <li>Generated graphs (15 MB).</li> </ul>
Data used for ALife 2016 paper "Critical Mutation Rate has an Exponential Dependence on Population Size for Eukaryotic-Length Genomes"
<p>The results files in this directory contain the evolved critical mutation rates, exponential or quadratic curves produced by curve-fitting using the given data in R, and biological data used for comparison in the following paper:</p> <p>Critical Mutation Rate has an Exponential Dependence on Population Size for Eukaryotic-Length Genomes, accepted for publication in ALife 2016: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE XV)</p>
Data for: Recovery of locomotion after injury in Drosophila melanogaster depends on proprioception
<p>Data and code for the publication Recovery of locomotion after injury in Drosophila melanogaster depends on proprioception in press at the Journal of Experimental Biology. See http://http://lab.debivort.org/recovery-of-locomotion-after-injury/ for descriptions of all files.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Map showing the Estação Ecológica de Murici, Murici, state of Alagoas. The red line defines the limits of the ecological station. The largest fragment at the northern portion is the site here called "Serra da Bananeira", where all specimens of Eulaema felipei sp. n. were collected.
FIGURE 4 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Map showing the known geographic distributions of Eulaema mocsaryi (Friese, 1899) (circles) and Eulaema felipei sp. n. (square). Notice the location of Parnaíba, in the state of Piauí, where a single specimen of El. mocsaryi was recorded (see text). Acronyms represent Brazilian states, as following: AL = Alagoas, BA = Bahia, CE = Ceará, PB = Paraíba, PE = Pernambuco, PI = Piauí, RN = Rio Grande do Norte, SE = Sergipe (modified from Oliveira 2008).
FIGURE 3 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Holotype Eulaema felipei sp. n. A: dorsal view; B: frontal view of face; C: ventral view of mesotibia; D: metatibia. (Photos: Rodolfo C. C. Arantes).
FIGURE 1 in Eulaema (Apeulaema) felipei sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina): a new forest-dependent orchid bee found at the brink of extinction in northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Current and original extensions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (after Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica—states of Rio de Janeiro and Paraná: 2000; other states: 1995).
FIGURES 86–92. Stenchaetothrips and Takethrips spp. Sten. indicus 86–89 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 86–92. Stenchaetothrips and Takethrips spp. Sten. indicus 86–89: (86) head; (87) meso & metanota; (88) tergites VI–VIII; (89) pronotum. Takethrips megas 90-92: (90) meso & metanota; (91) ovipositor; (92) tergites VII-X.
FIGURES 31–37 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 31–37. Bregmatothrips australis. (31) head & pronotum; (32) ventral view of head & prothorax; (33) tergites VII– X; (34) male tergites VII–IX; (35) meso & metanota with wing lobe; (36–37) sternites VI–VII.
FIGURES 52–62. Masamithrips spp. M. geikiei 52–55 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 52–62. Masamithrips spp. M. geikiei 52–55: (52) antenna; (53) head & pronotum; (54) meso & metanota; (55) tergites VIII–X. M. masamii 56–62: (56) antenna; (57) head & thorax; (58) prosternum; (59) tergites VIII–X; (60) sternites V–VII; (61) male sternites V–VII; (62) tergites IV–VI.
FIGURES 23–30. Grass living Thripinae. Arorathrips mexicanus 23–24 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 23–30. Grass living Thripinae. Arorathrips mexicanus 23–24: (23) head & thorax; (24) meso & metasterna. (25) Chirothrips manicatus, meso & metasterna. Bolacothrips striatopennatus 26–30: (26–28) tergites I–II, females from Mt Coottha, Brisbane; (29) tergites I–II, female from Thailand; (30) tergites VII–VIII, female from Thailand.
FIGURES 11–22. Aliceathrips spp. A. mnestes 11–16 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 11–22. Aliceathrips spp. A. mnestes 11–16: (11–12) male tergites VIII–IX; (13) meso & metanota; (14) pronotum; (15) tergites VII–IX; (16) antenna. A. sorghi 17–18: (17) sternites V–VII; (18) male tergites VIII–IX. A. palmeri 19–22: (19) head & thorax; (20) tergites VIII–X; (21) male tergites VIII–IX; (22) male sternites V–VII.
FIGURES 1–10. Aliceathrips spp. A. australiensis 1–3 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 1–10. Aliceathrips spp. A. australiensis 1–3: (1) head & thorax; (2) tergites V–VIII; (3) male tergites VIII–IX. A. engaius 4–8: (4) male tergites VII–IX; (5) head & thorax; (6) tergites I–III; (7) thoraxic sterna; (8) antenna. A. mnestes 9–10: (9) head; (10) sternites V–VII.
FIGURES 93–97 in Grass-dependent Thysanoptera of the family Thripidae from Australia
FIGURES 93–97. Striathrips sulcatus. (93) antenna; (94) head & pronotum; (95) meso & metanota; (96) tergites I–III; (97) tergites VI–VIII.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.