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Data from: Veronica officinalis product authentication using DNA metabarcoding and HPLC-MS reveals widespread adulteration with Veronica chamaedrys
Studying herbal products derived from local and traditional knowledge and their value chains is one of the main challenges in ethnopharmacology. The majority of these products have a long history of use, but non-harmonized trade and differences in regulatory policies between countries impact their value chains and lead to concerns over product efficacy, safety and quality. Veronica officinalis L. (common speedwell), a member of Plantaginaceae family, has a long history of use in European traditional medicine, mainly in central eastern Europe and the Balkans. However, no specified control tests are available either to establish the quality of derived herbal products or for the discrimination of its most common substitute, V. chamaedrys L. (germander speedwell). In this study, we use DNA metabarcoding and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to authenticate sixteen V. officinalis herbal products and compare the potential of the two approaches to detect substitution, adulteration and the use of unreported constituents. HPLC-MS showed high resolution in detecting phytochemical target compounds, but did not enable detection of specific plant species in the products. DNA metabarcoding detected V. officinalis in only 15% of the products, whereas it detected V. chamaedrys in 62% of the products. The results confirm that DNA metabarcoding can be used to test for the presence of Veronica species, and detect substitution and/or admixture of other Veronica species, as well as simultaneously detect all other species present. Our results confirm that none of the herbal products contained exactly the species listed on the label, and all included substitutes, contaminants or fillers. This study highlights the need for authentication of raw herbals along the value chain of these products. An integrative methodology can assess both the quality of herbal products in terms of target compound concentrations and species composition, as well as admixture and substitution with other chemical compounds and plants.
Figure 1 from: Abbas AH, Mahmood AAR, Tahtamouni LH, Al-Mazaydeh ZA, Rammaha MS, Alsoubani F, Al-bayati RI (2021) A novel derivative of picolinic acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: synthesis, docking study, and anticancer activity. Pharmacia 68(3): 679-692. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70654
Figure 1 Synthesis of the target compounds (4–7).
Figure 8 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 8 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of carbohydrates after hydrolysis in Taraxaci radices.
Figure 7 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 7 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of free carbohydrates in Taraxaci radices.
Figure 6 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 6 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of carbohydrates after hydrolysis in Rosae frucrus.
Figure 5 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 5 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of free carbohydrates in Rosae frucrus.
Figure 3 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 3 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of free carbohydrates in Myrtilli folia.
Figure 4 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 4 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of carbohydrates after hydrolysis in Myrtilli folia .
Figure 2 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 2 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of carbohydrates after hydrolysis in Urticae folia.
Figure 10 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 10 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of carbohydrates after hydrolysis in Menthae folia.
Figure 1 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 1 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of free carbohydrates in Urticae folia.
Figure 9 from: Savych A, Duchenko M, Shepeta Y, Davidenko A, Polonets O (2021) Analysis of carbohydrates content in the plant components of antidiabetic herbal mixture by GC-MS. Pharmacia 68(4): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e69107
Figure 9 GC-MS chromatogram of derivatives of free carbohydrates in Menthae folia.
Figure 1 from: Alvarado AT, Muñoz AM, Bartra MS, Valderrama-Wong M, González D, Quiñones LA, Varela N, Bendezú MR, García JA, Loja-Herrera B (2021) Frequency of CYP1A1*2A polymorphisms and deletion of the GSMT1 gene in a Peruvian mestizo population. Pharmacia 68(4): 747-754. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71621
Figure 1 Mechanism of action of CYP1A1 and GSTM1.
Figure 1 from: El-Hawagry MS, Al Dhafer HM (2015) Five new records of bee flies (Bombyliidae, Diptera) from Saudi Arabia with zoogeographical remarks. ZooKeys 489: 125-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.489.8794
Figure 1 - Map of Saudi Arabia showing Al-Baha and Asir Provinces.
Figure 1 from: Appelhans MS, Wen J (2016) On the identity of Blanco's Cissus frutescens and its correct name in Melicope (Rutaceae) with neotypification of Cissus arborea Blanco. PhytoKeys 58: 81-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.58.5847
Figure 1 - The neotype of Melicope frutescens (Blanco) Appelhans & J.Wen (A).
Figure 8 from: Caterino MS, Tishechkin AK (2016) Spatial and environmental correlates of species richness and turnover patterns in European cryptocephaline and chrysomeline beetles. ZooKeys 557: 59-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.7087
Figure 8 - Map showing all collecting records for Megalocraerus spp.
Figure 7 from: Caterino MS, Tishechkin AK (2016) Spatial and environmental correlates of species richness and turnover patterns in European cryptocephaline and chrysomeline beetles. ZooKeys 557: 59-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.7087
Figure 7 - Dorsal habitus. A Megalocraerus madrededios B Megalocraerus tiputini.
Figure 2 from: Caterino MS, Tishechkin AK (2016) Spatial and environmental correlates of species richness and turnover patterns in European cryptocephaline and chrysomeline beetles. ZooKeys 557: 59-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.557.7087
Figure 2 - Lectotype of Megalocraerus rubricatus. A Dorsal B Ventral C Lateral D Pygidial habitus.
Figure 2 from: Breitkreuz LCV, Winterton SL, Engel MS (2015) Revision of the green lacewing subgenus Ankylopteryx (Sencera) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae). ZooKeys 543: 111-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.543.6476
Figure 2 - Line drawing of forewing of Ankylopteryx (Sencera) anomala (Brauer).
Figure 3 from: Marques R, Mebert K, Fonseca É, Rödder D, Solé M, Tinôco MS (2016) Composition and natural history notes of the coastal snake assemblage from Northern Bahia, Brazil. ZooKeys 611: 93-142. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.611.9529
Figure 3 - Activity of snakes recorded during the day.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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