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FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical wasp moths, Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) relating to the fauna of Trinidad & Tobago, with descriptions of new species

FIGURE 9. Paratype female Calonotos flemingi new species, Fons Amandes, 200 ft., 19.iii.1922 (F.W. Jackson) [OUMNH]

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical wasp moths, Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) relating to the fauna of Trinidad & Tobago, with descriptions of new species

FIGURE 6. Female Calonotos helymus craneae, Trinidad, Cat's Hill, on flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium, 24.ix.2019 (J. Morrall) [MJWC]

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical wasp moths, Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) relating to the fauna of Trinidad & Tobago, with descriptions of new species

FIGURE 1. Neighbour-joining similarity tree for selected Calonotos sequences. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.25886344 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths (next to the branches) in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 21 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There was a total of 676 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016). DNA barcodes from our work are available in BOLD dataset DS-CALON.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical wasp moths, Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) relating to the fauna of Trinidad & Tobago, with descriptions of new species

FIGURE 3. Female Calonotos aterrima tripunctata, Trinidad, Curepe, at light, 24.vi.1978 (M.J.W. Cock) [MJWC]

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical wasp moths, Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) relating to the fauna of Trinidad & Tobago, with descriptions of new species

FIGURE 4. Male Calonotos helymus craneae, Trinidad, above St Benedict's, MVL, 26.v.1981 (M.J.W. Cock) [MJWC]

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic changes in the Neotropical wasp moths, Euchromiina and Ctenuchina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) relating to the fauna of Trinidad & Tobago, with descriptions of new species

FIGURE 2. Male Calonotos aterrima tripunctata, Trinidad, Cumaca Road, 4.6 miles, MVL, 21.x.1982 (M.J.W. Cock) [MJWC]

FIGURE 17 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 17. Mimicry ring of diurnal black moths with white or transparent spots in Trinidad, W.I. in which the white morphs of the two Calodesma spp. in Trinidad fit; all captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; A-C, dorsal view above, ventral view below; D–E, dorsal view left, ventral view right. A, Ctenucha andrei Rothschild ♀ Cat's Hill, 24.ix.2017 (J. Morrall). B, Autochloris almon (Cramer) ♀, data as #A. C, Calonotus tripunctatus Druce ♀, data as #A. D, Melanchroia atera (Stoll) ♁, Parrylands, x.2017 (S. Alston-Smith). F, M. atera ♀, data as #A. Life size.

FIGURE 16 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 16 Views of the head and anterior thorax of Calodesma pseudocollaris new species. A–C paratype male. D–F allotype female.

FIGURE 14 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 14. Habitus and male genitalia of Seileria eucyaniformis Dognin, type species of the genus Seileria. Specimen in MNHU.

FIGURE 6 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 6. Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 females white morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Cat's Hill, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 136. B, Parrylands, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 166. C, as #A, DNA 140. D, as #A, DNA 141. E, as #B, DNA 174. F, as #A, DNA 142. G, as #B, DNA 170. H, as #B, DNA 167; this specimen is an almost exact match in dorsal view to the type of Centronia plorator Kaye. I, Calodesma sp. unresolved BIN, West Trinity, x.2017, DNA 182 (failed, no barcode available). Life size.

FIGURE 13 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 13. Life history of Calodesma militta, collaris morph, collected as penultimate instar on Malpighia glabra, Trinidad, Mt. Hope, 10.646 -61.420 (Gosula 2021); penultimate instar found 24.iv.2021; pupated 1.v.2021; adult 11.v.2021. Top row, penultimate instar caterpillar; second row, final instar caterpillar; third row, cast final instar caterpillar skin and pupa; bottom row, adult male.

FIGURE 12 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 12. Similarity relationships of Calodesma spp. based on this work, barcodes from the ML collection, and selected public sequences in BOLD. Many duplicate DNA barcodes available for C. maculifrons from Costa Rica and some for C. militta from Trinidad are omitted so as to facilitate presentation. The taxonomy used is that developed in this work, and where relevant the names used here for the various morphs are included in parentheses after the scientific name. Bootstrap values are shown only if>70% and distances only if>0.002. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.15482979 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths (next to the branches) in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Tamura et al. 2004) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 73 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There was a total of 689 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018).

FIGURE 7 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 7. Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 females orange morph from Trinidad, W.I.; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Lalaja Ridge, 23.xii.2019 J. Morrall, DNA 377. B, Hololo Mountain Road, 3.x.2017 J. Morrall, DNA 145. C, Arima valley, Simla, xii.2020, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 475. D, Arima valley, Simla, xii.2020, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 474. E, East of Point Fortin, 30.ix.1982, M.J.W. Cock, DNA 315. F, Rio Claro–Guayaguayare Road, milestones 4–5, 17.ix.1978, M.J.W. Cock, DNA 316. Life size.

FIGURE 11 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 11. Male genitalia of Calodesma spp. from South and Central America. Top row, C. militta BOLD:AAK1660, collaris morph, Paraguay (ML, dissection ML2869, DNA MILA1759). Second row, Calodesma sp. cf. collaris BOLD:ABZ2392, dioptis morph, (ML dissection ML2872, DNA MILA.0212). Third row, C. maculifrons, Esmeraldas, Ecuador (ML, dissection ML3290. Bottom row, C. uraneides, French Guiana, (ML, dissection ML2873)

FIGURE 3 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 3. Types of Calodesma spp. (3). See Table 1 for details. HT = holotype, ST = syntype. Not to scale. The Butler, C. & R. Felder, and Walker types are in NHMUK, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Hering types are in MNHU, with permission.

FIGURE 1 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 1. Types of Calodesma spp. (1). See Table 1 for details. HT = holotype, LT = lectotype, T = unspecified type. Not to scale. The C. & R. Felder, Kaye, and Walker types are in NHMUK, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Hering types are in MNHU, the Dognin type is in USNM, and the Drury type is in HMUG, with permission.

FIGURE 5 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 5. Male Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 dioptis morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Parrylands, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 160. B, Parrylands, ix.2018, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 296. C, as #A, DNA 161 (dissection 1004). Life size.

FIGURE 4 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 4. Male Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 collaris morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Cat's Hill, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 138. B, Arima Valley, near Asa Wright Nature Centre, 23.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 139. C, Parrylands, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith DNA163. Life size.

FIGURE 8 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 8. Calodesma sp(p). (unresolved barcodes) females red morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Rio Claro–Guayaguayare Road, milestones 4–5, 17.ix.1978, M.J.W. Cock. B, Arima–Blanchisseuse Road, milestone 9, Textel Road, 11.x.1979, M.J.W. Cock. Life size.

FIGURE 9. Type material Calodesma pseudocollaris new species Trinidad, W.I in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 9. Type material Calodesma pseudocollaris new species Trinidad, W.I., Cat's Hill, at eupatorium flowers, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, holotype, ♁ DNA 137. B, paratype ♁, DNA 135, dissection 1001. C, allotype ♀, DNA 143. Life size.