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3,472 results for “Balance”
Data supporting "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers"
<p>Data supporting "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers" by Piccoli et al. (2021) Agronomy 2021, 11, 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081472</p>
Antarctic surface climate and surface mass balance in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (1850-2100) - AWS data
<p>This Antarctica AWS temperature and wind speed dataset was compiled by Alexandra Gossart and Niels Souverijns (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0030.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0030.1</a>).</p>
When time is not of the essence: constraints to the carbon balance of bryophytes. Supporting Information.
<p>Excel file. Compiled data for net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation and relative growth rates of bryophytes and tracheophytes, as well as optimum temperatures for photosynthesis of bryophytes.</p> <p><br> Word file. Full reference list of the studies included in the Excel file.</p>
Large-scale fungal strain sequencing unravels the molecular diversity in mating loci maintained by long-term balancing selection
<p><span>Balancing selection, an evolutionary force that retains genetic diversity, has been detected in multiple genes and organisms, such as the sexual mating loci in fungi. However, to quantify the strength of balancing selection and define the mating-related genes require a large number of strains. In tetrapolar basidiomycete fungi, sexual type is determined by two unlinked loci, <em>MATA </em>and <em>MATB</em>. Genes in both loci define mating type identity, control successful mating and completion of the life cycle. These loci are usually highly diverse. Previous studies have speculated, based on culture crosses, that species of the non-model genus <em>Trichaptum </em>(Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) possess a tetrapolar mating system, with multiple alleles. Here, we sequenced a hundred and eighty strains of three <em>Trichaptum </em>species. We characterized the chromosomal location of <em>MATA </em>and <em>MATB</em>, the molecular structure of <em>MAT </em>regions and their allelic richness. The sequencing effort was sufficient to molecularly characterize multiple <em>MAT </em>alleles segregating before the speciation event of <em>Trichaptum </em>species. Analyses suggested that long-term balancing selection has generated trans-species polymorphisms. Mating sequences were classified in different allelic classes based on an amino acid identity (AAI) threshold supported by phylogenetics. 17,550 mating types were predicted based on the allelic classes. <em>In vitro </em>crosses allowed us to support the degree of allelic divergence needed for successful mating. Even with the high amount of divergence, key amino acids in functional domains are conserved. We conclude that the genetic diversity of mating loci in <em>Trichaptum </em>is due to long-term balancing selection, with limited recombination and duplication activity. The large number of sequenced strains highlighted the importance of sequencing multiple individuals from different species to detect the mating-related genes, the mechanisms generating diversity and the evolutionary forces maintaining them.</span></p>
Archived data for: Balancing selection, genetic drift, and human mediated-introgression interplay to shape MHC (functional) diversity in Mediterranean brown trout
<p>The extraordinary polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is considered a paradigm of pathogen-mediated balancing selection, although empirical evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, the relative contribution of balancing selection to shape MHC population structure and diversity, compared to that of neutral forces, as well as its interaction with other evolutionary processes such as hybridization, remains largely unclear. To investigate these issues, we analysed adaptive (MHC-DAB gene) and neutral (11 microsatellite loci) variation in 156 brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta </i>complex) from six wild populations in central Italy exposed to introgression from domestic hatchery lineages (assessed with the LDH gene). MHC diversity and structuring correlated with those at microsatellites, indicating the substantial role of neutral forces. However, individuals carrying locally rare MHC alleles/supertypes (regardless of the zygosity status and degree of sequence dissimilarity of MHC) were in better body condition (a proxy of individual fitness/parasite load), hence supporting balancing selection under rare allele advantage, but not heterozygote advantage or divergent allele advantage. The association between specific MHC supertypes and body condition confirmed in part this finding. Across populations, MHC allelic richness increased with increasing admixture between native and domestic lineages, indicating introgression as a source of MHC variation. Furthermore, introgression across populations appeared more pronounced for MHC than microsatellites, possibly because initially-rare MHC variants are expected to introgress more readily under rare allele advantage. Providing evidence for the complex interplay among neutral evolutionary forces, balancing selection and human-mediated introgression in shaping the pattern of MHC (functional) variation, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of MHC genes in wild populations exposed to anthropogenic disturbance.</p>
Reconstructed, Long-Term Meteorological Forcing and Mass Balance over Glaciers in High Mountain Asia
<p>%%%% Reconstructed_WRF_Forcing_HMA.mat %%%%%%%%<br> A reconstructed, long-term data series of meteorological data for three glaciers in distinct regions of High Mountain Asia. The meteorological forcing consists of hourly Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) data bias-corrected by high elevation, off-glacier automatic weather station (AWS) data. The variables of the forcing data consist of 2m air temperature ('T' °C), relative humidity ('RH' %), air pressure ('PRESS' hPa), incoming shortwave ('SWIN' Wm-2) and longwave ('LWIN' Wm-2) radiation, precipitation ('PP', mm hr) and wind speed ('FF' m s-1). The period of the timeseries ranges from January 1981 to December 2019. <br> <br> Data are available for the following glaciers (bias-corrected to the given coordinates / elevation of the off-glacier AWS)<br> Yala Glacier, Nepal (28.237°N 85.619°E, 5090 m a.s.l.) - 'AWS Yala Basecamp' (AWS Data available on the ICIMOD RDS)<br> Parlung Glacier Number 4 (29.245°N 96.928°E, 4600 m a.s.l.) - 'AWS4600' (Contact author Wei Yang for AWS data requests)</p> <p>Mugagangqiong Glacier (32.234°N, 87.485°E, 5850 m a.s.l.) - 'AWS5850' (Contact author Wei Yang for AWS data requests)</p> <p> </p> <p>Data are stored as matlab tables in .mat files. Data were created using Matlab version 2020b. </p> <p> </p> <p>%%%% Reconstructed_Mass_Balance_HMA.mat %%%%%%%%<br> <br> Reconstructed cumulative mass balances for the aforementioned glaciers (values in m w.e.)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Células solares de portadores calientes, sensibilizadas por colorante y teoría del balance
<p>Serie de tres videos con fundamentos sobre células solares de portadores calientes junto con tres vídeos que introducen conceptos en células soalres sensibilizadas por colorantes, células solares orgánicas y teoría del balance.</p>
Inconsistent mass balance relationships in Central Asia
<p>These are the files to reproduce the results of the manuscript "Inconsistencies in Central Asia's spatio-temporal glacier response: On issues about meteorological and mass balance estimates, and regional simplifications" submitted to The Cryosphere Discussions.</p>
Prey naiveté alters the balance of consumptive and non-consumptive predator effects and shapes trophic cascades in freshwater plankton
<p><span>Predators drive trophic cascades by reducing prey biomass and altering prey traits, selecting for prey that exhibit constitutive and induced anti-predator defenses that decrease susceptibility to consumption. These defense traits are often costly, generating a tradeoff between consumptive (CEs) and non-consumptive predator effects (NCEs). The ecological and evolutionary experience that prey share with a given predator may determine their position along this tradeoff curve, affecting the nature and strength of top-down control of ecosystems. Conceptual models predict that predator-experienced prey suffer greater NCEs than predator-naive prey, which suffer stronger CEs and total predator effects (CEs + NCEs), but this has not been tested in diverse prey communities. We tested these predictions by comparing the effects of predation (CEs + NCEs) and predation risk (NCEs only) of planktivorous fish on food web structure in pond mesocosms with diverse natural communities of either predator-naive or predator-experienced zooplankton. Contrary to expectations, top-down control of zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass was strengthened by prey community experience: in systems with experienced relative to naive zooplankton communities both predation risk (NCEs only) and predation (CEs + NCEs) had stronger effects on zooplankton prey biomass and trophic cascades were twice as strong. These results show that the ecological and evolutionary experience of diverse prey communities alters the balance of consumptive and non-consumptive predator effects and influences trophic cascade strength.</span></p>
dataset How does the balance of metal and acid functions on the benchmark Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst drive the Methane dehydroaromatization reaction
<p>dataset How does the balance of metal and acid functions on the benchmark Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst drive the Methane dehydroaromatization reaction</p>
Nutrient balance and energy-acquisition effectiveness: Do birds adjust their fruit diet to achieve intake targets?
<p>1. According to diet-regulation hypotheses, animals select food to regulate the intake of macronutrients or maximise energy feeding efficiency. Specifically, the nutrient balance model proposes that foraging is primarily a process of balancing multiple nutrients to achieve a nutritional intake target, while the energy maximisation model proposes that foraging aims to maximise energy.</p> <p>2. Here, we evaluate the adjustment of fruit diets (the fruit-derived component of the diets) to nutritional and energy intake targets, characterizing the nutrient balance and energy maximisation strategies across fruit-eating bird species with different fruit-handling behaviours ("gulpers", which swallow whole fruits, and "mashers", which process the fruit in the beak) in subtropical Andean forests. Food-handling behaviour determines the food intake rate and, consequently, influences animal efficiency to obtain nutrients and energy.</p> <p>3. We used extensive field data from the diet of fruit-eating birds to test how species adjust their food intake. We used nutritional geometry to explore macronutrient balance and the effectiveness framework to explore energy-acquisition effectiveness.</p> <p>4. Observed diets showed a good fit with predictions of a diet balanced in macronutrient proportions. With few exceptions, diets clustered near an optimal macronutrient mixture and did not differ from each other in terms of maximising energy intake. Moreover, when comparing our results with a random diet based on local fruit availability, birds tended to fit better to the nutritional target, and less to the energy target, than expected from a random diet. Fruit-handling behaviour did not affect the ability of bird species to reach a nutritional target but it affected species energy acquisition, which was lower in mashers than in gulpers.</p> <p>5. This study explores for the first time different diet-regulation strategies in wild fruit-eating birds, and supports the argument that the diet reflects a specific regulation of macronutrients. Understanding why birds select fruits is a complex question requiring multiple considerations. The nutrient balance model explains the relevance of nutrient composition in the fruit selection by fruit-eating birds, although it is still necessary to determine its relative importance with respect to other dietary drivers.</p>
Companion data for Communication-Aware Load Balancing of the LU Factorization over Heterogeneous Clusters
<p>This is the companion data repository for the paper entitled <strong>Communication-Aware Load Balancing of the LU Factorization over Heterogeneous Clusters</strong> by Lucas Leandro Nesi, Lucas Mello Schnorr, and Arnaud Legrand. The manuscript has been accepted in the <a href="https://icpads2020.comp.polyu.edu.hk/">ICPADS 2020</a>.</p>
Geodetic mass balance of Mýrdalsjökull ice cap, 1999−2021: DEM processing and climate analysis
<p>This repository gathers the data I used and produced during my master thesis at the University of Iceland from April to September 2022 with the financial support of the Landsvirkjun.</p> <p>The geodetic mass of Mýrdalsjökull, the fourth largest Icelandic ice cap, was investigated over the period 1999-2021. The untapped <strong>SPOT5 </strong>archive (2002−2015), the <strong>lidar </strong>data, the <strong>Pléiades </strong>imagery (2011−present), <strong>aerial photographs</strong> from 1999 [1] and the <strong>ArcticDEM </strong>dataset (2010−2019) [2] were used to create Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the ice cap. A pre-processing of the DEMs was first performed: co-registration, filtering and interpolation. Then, applying a <strong>Gaussian Process regression</strong> (GP) [3], a state-of-the-art method in DEM processing, a spatially and temporally continuous DEM dataset was created, in 15 x 15 m resolution and 1-month interval from 1999 to 2021. <strong>Volume and mass changes</strong> based on the synthetic GP-generated DEMs were computed and analyzed in 5-year and annual intervals between 1999 and 2019. A local analysis of three glacierized catchments of Mýrdalsjökull (southern catchment, northern catchment and Kötlujökull outlet) was also performed. Errors were estimated using the method from [4]. Tools from the following repositories were used:</p> <ul> <li> <p><em>demcoreg </em>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733347">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733347</a>): DEM co-registration</p> </li> <li> <p><em>xdem </em>(<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4809698">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4809698</a>): uncertainties computation and DEM manipulation </p> </li> <li> <p><em>pyddem </em>(<a href="https://pypi.org/project/pyddem/">https://pypi.org/project/pyddem/</a>): Gaussian Process regression</p> </li> </ul> <p>The complete master thesis can be accessed at :</p> <p> </p> <p>The repository contains the following data:</p> <p><strong>1</strong> – <strong>DEM_coregistered</strong></p> <p>All DEMs have been coregistered considering the Islandsdem v1.0 as a reference (atlas.lmi.is/dem)</p> <p>The DEM naming works as follow: </p> <p><em>Glaciername_DEM_date_sensor_resolution_zmae_projection_otherinformation.tif</em></p> <p>The files ending with <strong>*_filtered.tif</strong> (SPOT5, AerialPhotographs) have been filtered using the filtering combination described in 3.1.3.</p> <p>The files ending with<strong> *_mosaic.tif</strong> (SPOT5, Pléiades) are the result of the mosaicking of several DEMs.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>2</strong> – <strong>Shapefiles</strong></p> <p>Outlines of Mýrdalsjökull in 1999 [1], 2003, 2010 and 2019 [6]</p> <p>Outlines of the three catchments (South, North and Kötlujökull) in 1999.</p> <p>Reference buffer around Mýrdalsjökull used to crop all DEMs to the same extent. </p> <p>Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) from 2004-10-05.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>3</strong> – <strong>Gaussian_Process_regression</strong></p> <p>2 netcdf files: the stack of DEMs (<strong>*_DEMstack_*</strong>) and the result of the Gaussian Process regression (<strong>*_GPregression_*</strong>).</p> <p>Both files were obtained thanks to <em>pyddem </em>tools.</p> <p>The Gaussian Process regression was run at a spatial resolution of 15 x 15m and a temporal resolution of 1 month, starting in January 1999 and ending in December 2022.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>4</strong> – <strong>Mass_balance_results</strong></p> <p>1 csv file containing mass balance results:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Annual mass balance for the ice cap & the 3 catchments</p> </li> <li> <p>4-year mass balance for the ice cap & the 3 catchments</p> </li> <li> <p>Results from the comparison with survey dates mass balance (Fig 11(a))</p> </li> <li> <p>Results from the comparison with [3] (Fig 11(b))</p> </li> <li> <p>Mass balance overview (Fig 11(c))</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>[1] Belart, J., Magnússon, E., Berthier, E., Gunnlaugsson, Á. Þ., Pálsson, F., Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., Jóhannesson, T., Thorsteinsson, T., and Björnsson, H. (2020). Mass balance of 14 Icelandic glaciers, 19452017: spatial variations and links with climate. Frontiers in Earth Science, page 163.</p> <p>[2] Porter, C., Morin, P., Howat, I., Noh, M., Bates, B., Peterman, K., Keesey, S., Schlenk, M., Gardiner, J., et al. (2018). ArcticDEM. Harvard Dataverse, 1.</p> <p>[3] Hugonnet, R., McNabb, R., Berthier, E., Menounos, B., Nuth, C., Girod, L., Farinotti, D., Huss, M., Dussaillant, I., Brun, F., et al. (2021). Accelerated global glacier mass loss in the early twenty-first century. Nature, 592(7856):726731.</p> <p>[4] Hugonnet, R., Brun, F., Berthier, E., Dehecq, A., Mannerfelt, E. S., Eckert, N., and Farinotti, D. (2022). Uncertainty analysis of digital elevation models by spatial inference from stable terrain. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.</p> <p>[5] Hannesdóttir, H., Sigurðsson, O., Þrastarson, R. H., Guðmundsson, S., Belart, J. M., Pálsson, F., Magnússon, E., Víkingsson, S., Kaldal, I., and Jóhannesson, T. (2020). A national glacier inventory and variations in glacier extent in Iceland from the Little Ice Age maximum to 2019. Jökull 2020: 1, 34.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <p>Pléiades images were acquired at research price thanks to the CNES ISIS programme (http://www.isiscnes.fr). This study uses the lidar mapping of the glaciers in Iceland, funded by the Icelandic Research Fund, the Landsvirkjun research fund, the Icelandic Road Administration, the Reykjavík Energy Environmental and Energy Research Fund, the Klima- og Luftgruppen research fund of the Nordic Council of Ministers, the Vatnajökull National Park, the organization Friends of Vatnajökull, LMÍ, IMO, and the UI research fund.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset Attribution</strong> </p> <p>This dataset is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 International License</a> (Attribution-NonCommercial).</p>
Parameter variability across different timescales in the energy balance-based model and its effect on evapotranspiration estimation
<p>Our dataset is for the manuscript "Parameter variability across different timescales in the energy balance-based model and its effect on evapotranspiration estimation". It includes the instantaneous and daily <em>z<sub>0m</sub></em>, <em>z<sub>0h</sub></em>, <em>g<sub>s</sub></em>, and <em>EBR</em>, which are derived from FLUXNET2015 dataset. The training and test datasets for building the data-driven parameter models are also uploaded.</p>
soil nutrient balance(NPK) dataset of Rwanda
<p>This soil nutrient balance dataset contains raw, processed and analyzed data of soil nutrient depletion workflow developed by Uwiragiye et al.[1]. Soil nutrient (NPK) balance were predicted only in covers cropland of Rwanda (Fig.1). This dataset was developed from freely available data from different sources (Table 1). The main folder which contain all data is called ’’Data”. This main folder has five sub folders (soil nutrient flows, soil erosion and sediments, environmental covariates, NPK balance modelling results and code used for soil nutrient balance modelling)</p> <p>This is a dataset developed from available data for soil nutrient modelling in humid areas : A published paper </p> <p>Y. Uwiragiye, M. Junior Yannick Ngaba, M. Zhao, A.S. Elrys, G.B.M. Heuvelink, J. Zhou, Modelling and mapping soil nutrient depletion in humid highlands of East Africa using ensemble machine learning: A case study from Rwanda, CATENA. 217 (2022) 106499. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106499.</p>
Ice thickness and surface velocities for the manuscritpt Mass balance and stability of ice tongues in the Western Ross Sea
<p>The data set contains:</p> <p>ICESat-2 derived point ice thickness for 9 ice tongues in csv format</p> <p>Surface average velocities derived from the ASF Vertex platform on demand HYP3 autoRIFT velocity product for 9 ice tongues.</p>
Estimating net carbon balances and greenhouse gas radiative balances of potato and pea crops on a conventional farm in western Canada (Flux and meteorological data)
<p>Data accompanying the paper titled as "Estimating net carbon and greenhouse gas balances of potato and pea crops on a conventional farm in western Canada". Data includes measurements from eddy covariance, chamber, and meteorological sensors. Measurements were mainly conducted in 2018 and 2019, please refer to the paper for the detailed information.</p>
Perfectly Balanced, as All Things Should Be
Yin-Yang battlebot for a 30 minute render challenge. Also a nod to my man Thanos. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Substantial differences in source contributions to carbon emissions and health damage necessitate balanced synergistic control plans in China
<p>This dataset presents the ratio of gridded contributions to PM2.5 exposure-related health damage and CO2 emissions, alongside the gridded contributions to social costs from health damage, CO2-related climate change, and integrated costs. Additionally, the key code for calculating semi-normalized emission sensitivities based on CMAQ Adjoint outputs and source attribution is provided.</p>
A Novel Surface Energy Balance Method for Thermal Inertia Studies of Terrestrial Analogs
<p>Thermophysical data collected from Woodhouse Mesa, AZ, USA in May 2021 and Sept 2022</p>
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