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FIGURE 4 in Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpelliformes), an intertidal barnacle from the Cape Verde Islands

FIGURE 4. Mouth parts (A—mandibular palp; B—mandible; C—maxillule; D—maxilla) of Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. from the right side. Scale bar on image A is the same for images B, C and D.

FIGURE 3 in Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpelliformes), an intertidal barnacle from the Cape Verde Islands

FIGURE 3. Scales of the peduncle of Pollicipes elegans (A), Pollicipes pollicipes (B), and Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. (C).

FIGURE 2 in Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Scalpelliformes), an intertidal barnacle from the Cape Verde Islands

FIGURE 2. Capitular plates of Pollicipes caboverdensis sp. nov. (upper row) and Pollicipes pollicipes (lower row). Scale bar on image A is the same for images B, C and D. Scale bar on image E is the same for images F, G and H. Views of the right side (images A, C, E, G) and left side (images B, D, F, H). Plates: R—rostrum; C—carina; L—median latus; S—scutum; RL—rostrolatus; CL—carinolatus; RML—rostral median latus; CML—carinal median latus.

FIGURE 4 in Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov., a new late Miocene barnacle species of the family Archaeobalanidae (Cirripedia: Thoracica), from the Azores

FIGURE 4. Malbusca outcrop biostratigraphic interval, based on a checklist of species of calcareous nannofossils.

FIGURE 2 in Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov., a new late Miocene barnacle species of the family Archaeobalanidae (Cirripedia: Thoracica), from the Azores

FIGURE 2. Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov. All specimens from lower-Miocene / early-Pliocene of Malbusca outcrop (Santa Maria Island, Azores, Portugal); samples DBUA-F (see. Table 1). I: Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov. lateral and apical views. Letters at apical view; C = carina, CL = carinolatus, L = latus, R = rostrum. II: C - R; left interior, right exterior view. III: wall from below. Scale: I = 10 mm, II = 1 mm, III = 200 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov., a new late Miocene barnacle species of the family Archaeobalanidae (Cirripedia: Thoracica), from the Azores

FIGURE 3. Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov. All specimens from lower-Miocene / early-Pliocene of Malbusca outcrop (Santa Maria Island, Azores, Portugal), from samples DBUA-F (see Table 1); drawings based on SEM pictures. A: moveable scutum exterior (enlarged area showing detail from the lower part of the exterior of the scutum, accentuating fine apico-basal striae), B: moveable scutum interior, C: moveable tergum exterior, D: moveable tergum interior.

FIGURE 1 in Zullobalanus santamariaensis sp. nov., a new late Miocene barnacle species of the family Archaeobalanidae (Cirripedia: Thoracica), from the Azores

FIGURE 1. Fossiliferous outcrops of Santa Maria sampled by MPB team (© Secção de Geografia, Universidade dos Açores).

FIGURE 5 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 5. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov. in situ on pillow basalt from 2080 m of depth Vance B Seamount, with nozzle of suction sampler of ROV Tiburon largely to their right. A, the remains of several walls broken away by the nozzle can be seen to the right of "1" leaving membranous bases exposed. B, the barnacles seen between "2" and "3" and to the right of "4" in A have been collected. N.B.: Inspection of MPEGs taken by ROV Tiburon during collection of the barnacles seen removed in these frames detected no loss of material in the process. Therefore, it can be said with confidence that the shell fragments at the base of the basalt below the barnacles (cf. Fig. 4) represent natural postmortem accumulations.

FIGURE 15 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 15. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., appendages: A, mandible; B, first maxillae; C, second maxilla; D, intermediate articles of cirrus VI; and E, crest of labrum flanked by left palp.

FIGURE 12 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 12. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., exploded four-plated wall arranged from loose plates, type lot: A, exterior of a rostrum; B and D, left and right carinolaterals; C, a carina; and E, the interior of a portion of a rostrum. Note the variably pronounced depression in the sheath of rostrum (E), which, together with the edges of the carinolateral alae, receives the rostral ends of the occludent ridges of the scuta (Figs 9A; 11C, D).

FIGURE 7 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 7. The holotype and paratype of Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989: 134, Fig. 1) consisted of two juveniles (measurements below in mm).

FIGURE 11 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 11. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov. holotype: A, exterior view of female with males; note largely exposed alae and the pair of males on each side of the tight fitting occludent ridges of the scuta. B, interior view of the same female, note the tight fit of the bearing surfaces of the alae on the adjacent plates, and the close fit of the sutures between plates, especially between the opercular plates and the interior of the orifice.

FIGURE 4 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 4. Numerous females of Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov. in situ on pillow basalt from 2080 m of depth on Vance B Seamount, with nozzle of suction sampler on ROV Tiburon to their right (distance between red laser dots 30 cm). The pristine white appearance of the dead shells accumulating at the base of the slope, as well as of the living individuals, suggests that there is little if any hydrothermal activity nearby to stain them (rather than the barnacle just being short lived, which they are). Thus, as might be expected, dissection revealed feeding appendages (Fig. 13) of the deep-sea rather than hydrothermal type. N.B.: Inspection of MPEGs taken by ROV Tiburon during collection of most of the barnacles seen in this frame (also, Fig. 5) detected no loss of material in the process. Therefore, it can be said with confidence that the shell fragments at the base of the basalt below the barnacles represent natural, postmortem accumulations.

FIGURE 2 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 2. Panorama in the caldera of Axial Seamount, at approximately 1434 m of depth. Several yellowish-brown clumps and a few scatters individuals of the stalked barnacle, Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989, can be seen at roughly 9, 12 and 3 o'clock of the right red laser dot (distance between red laser dots 30 cm).

FIGURE 14 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 14. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., dwarf males: A, viewed obliquely (R-C axis running between 10:30 and 4:30 o'clock); B, another individual, viewed from the carinal end, leaning markedly to its right, toward the aperture of the female (see Fig. 9 for four males in situ). Note that the chitinous primary wall is made up of four plates, with the rostrum overlapping the carinolaterals. There is no indication of sutures in the rostrum or the carinolaterals of the male or the female.

FIGURE 3 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 3. Group of several adult hermaphrodites of Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989 in situ in the caldera of Axial Seamount (Fig. 1). The upper barnacle has its cirral net deployed for passive feeding in gentle currents. The cuticle of the barnacles, stained yellow-brown to gold apparently by ferromanganese oxides from venting 200 meters of so away, has sloughed off the apexes of some of the capitular plates, exposing the underlying calcitic shell to corrosion. Dissection reveals feeding appendages (Fig. 8) of the deep-sea rather than hydrothermal type.

FIGURE 13 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 13. Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., opercular plates of female: A and B, interior and exterior of terga, and C and D, interior and exterior of scuta. Both the terga and scuta are isosceles triangles, the bases of which are formed by their occludent margins. Note that the weakly developed articular ridges and furrows, as well as the lack of adductor and depressor muscle crests (apodemes), pits or scars, are remarkable. Comparably simple opercular plates are seen in no other balanomorph.

FIGURE 10 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 10. Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989; appendages, first topotype: A, portion of crest of labrum with left palp attached; B, mandible; C, first maxillae; D, second maxilla; E, intermediate articles of cirrus VI; and F, penis still attached to the coxal portion of pedicle of the left sixth cirrus.

FIGURE 16 in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 16. Distributional map: Locality for the calanticid, Calantica moskalevi Zevina and Galkin, 1989, and the pachylasmatine, Atetrapachylasma dijonesae gen. et sp. nov., from approximately 1400 and 2000 m depths, respectively, in the NE Pacific (arrow; cf. Fig. 1), and general localities for their closest living relatives, Calantica spp (closed circles, from list of species in text) and Tetrapachylasma spp (closed triangles, after Jones 2000), from shallow to moderated depths in the I-WP. More generalized calanticids, Scillaelepas spp, occur at bathy-abyssal depths in all except high latitude oceans, whereas all pachylasmatines except Pachylasma giganteum Philippe (open triangles) and Atetrapachylasma dijonesae (arrow), occur in the I-WP at shallow to moderate depths. This suggests that calanticids as well as pachylasmatines once had Tethyan distributions, of which the NE Pacific species appear to be peripheral isolates or relicts, rather than the result of subsequent long-range dispersal.

FIGURE 1. Axial and Vance B in Two Northeast Pacific deep-water barnacle populations (Cirripedia: Calanticidae and Pachylasmatidae) from seamounts of the Juan de Fuca Ridge; " insular " endemics stemming from Tethys, or by subsequent dispersal from the Western Pacific center of distribution?

FIGURE 1. Axial and Vance B Seamounts are located on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, at 45º 55'N–130º 00'W and 45° 30'N–130° 40'W off Oregon (insert, large and small dot) respectively. Hydrothermally active Axial Seamount resides on the ridge crest near the point of origin of the chain of seamounts ranging to the NW. Vance B, among the seamounts running nearly parallel off the ridge crest some 96 km to the SSW, is hydrothermally inactive (see Table 1 for some physical parameters).