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184 results for “CTD profile”
Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data from shipboard surveys collected within Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, 2005-2023
<p>This data set includes Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) and dissolved oxygen profile data that were collected along Washington State’s outer coast within Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary towards the northernmost extent of the California Current System. Measurements were made at fourteen hydrographic stations during mooring deployment, recovery, and maintenance cruises between the months of May and October from 2005–2023. The 792 CTD profiles were acquired using Sea-Bird Scientific 19 SeaCAT or 19plus SeaCAT CTD profilers with associated SBE-43 (Sea-Bird Electronics) or Beckman or YSI-type (Yellow Springs Instruments) dissolved oxygen sensors. The data were processed via Sea-Bird Scientific’s SBE Data Processing application using six of the modules in the following order: <em>Data Conversion, Filter, Align CTD, Loop Edit, Derive, and Bin Average</em>. These processing steps and associated methods are the same as those used to process CTD data that make up the <a href="../records/5814071">Newport Hydrographic Line time series</a> located off the central Oregon coast thus allowing for a direct comparison between the two regions.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Station Name </strong></td> <td><strong>Latitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Longitude</strong></td> <td><strong>Water Depth (m, MLLW)</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Makah Bay (MB)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>MB015</td> <td>48.3254oN</td> <td>124.6768oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MB042</td> <td>48.3240oN</td> <td>124.7354oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Cape Alava (CA)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA015</td> <td>48.1663oN</td> <td>124.7568oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA042</td> <td>48.1660oN</td> <td>124.8234oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CA065 </td> <td>48.1659oN</td> <td>124.8949oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Teahwhit Head (TH)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH015</td> <td>47.8761oN</td> <td>124.6195oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH042</td> <td>47.8762oN</td> <td>124.7334oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TH065 </td> <td>47.8767oN</td> <td>124.7967oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Kalaloch (KL)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>KL015</td> <td>47.6008oN</td> <td>124.4284oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KL027</td> <td>47.5946oN</td> <td>124.4971oW</td> <td>27</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KL050 </td> <td>47.5933oN</td> <td>124.6112oW</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Cape Elizabeth (CE)</strong></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE015</td> <td>47.3568oN</td> <td>124.3481oW</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE042</td> <td>47.3531oN</td> <td>124.4887oW</td> <td>42</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CE065 </td> <td> 47.3528oN</td> <td>124.5669oW</td> <td>65</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
CTD Profiles from the HDMS Lauge Koch cruise to East Greenland fjords, August 2018
<p>Greenland fjords are currently undergoing large ecosystem changes due to unprecedented melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). The rapidly increasing discharge of meltwater and ice not only influences circulation patterns and stratification of the water column, but it also introduces large fluxes of allochthonous carbon and nutrients into the Greenland coastal environment, as well as transports large quantities of inorganic particles and suspended sediments which could limit light availability to primary producers. However, data is still limited for most Greenland fjord systems and the east coast of Greenland is especially understudied. During this cruise we investigated 3 different fjord systems of East Greenland in August 2018 aboard the HDMS Lauge Koch. We aimed to describe the physical, chemical and biological variability from glaciers to the shelf. This data set consists of 84 CTD profiles that were obtained with a Seabird SBE25 conductivity, temperature, depth (CTD) instrument. In addition to measuring pressure, conductivity, and temperature, the CTD recorded chlorophyll-a fluorescence, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), dissolved oxygen, turbidity and pH. The instrument was factory calibrated before the cruise. The CTD recorded variables at 16 Hz and the raw data were processed using Seabird standard workflow to produce 0.1 m binned profiles using the downcast data only. This dataset compiles all CTD variables measured from all profiles into a single comma separated CSV file. </p> <p>We would like to thank the captain and crew of HDMS Lauge Koch for excellent collaboration. The cruise was funded by the Danish Center for Marine Research and by the EU Horizon2020 funded project INTAROS (grant no. 727890) and the Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Offshore Water Profiles: CTD Transects
This dataset contains vertical water column profiles along transects heading offshore over the forereefs on the three sides of Moorea. These sides are designated north, southeast, and southwest. This process study intended to look for a hypothesized buoyant flow that would account for the counter-clockwise (CCW) circulation around the island. These transects were designed to look for cross-shore density gradients associated with the CCW flow. The SeaBird SBE19-Plus Profiler (CTD), outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 fluorometer, was cast at closely-spaced stations along transects oriented approximately normal to the three sides of the island. Standard CTD parameters (conductivity, temperature, and density) were used to calculate salinity, depth, and other physical quantities. No bottle samples were collected on these cruises.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Water Column: Bay Water Profiles: CTD Transects
This dataset contains vertical water column profiles along transects in Opunohu Bay and Cook’s Bay on the north side of Moorea. The SeaBird SBE19-Plus Profiler (CTD), outfitted with WetLabs FLNTURT-221 fluorometer, was cast at closely-spaced stations along transects down the length of the bays. Standard CTD parameters (conductivity, temperature, and density) were used to calculate salinity, depth, and other physical quantities. No bottle samples were collected on these cruises. Profiles in the bays were obtained when sea conditions offshore prohibited sampling over the forereef.
Alaska compendium of ocean profile data [ACOD]: Archival CTD and nutrient hydrography from NOAA's EcoFOCI, EMA, and predecessor programs
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Weekly CTD profile measurements of conductivity, specific conductance, temperature, depth, density, and salinity from Lake Hoare, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2012-2013 austral summer
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, we investigated relationships between wind conditions and barotropic seiches within Lake Hoare, located in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, during the 2012-2013 austral summer. Temporal changes in the water column were measured using a rugged, handheld, CastAway CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth probe, manufactured by SonTek), deployed through the Lake Hoare Limno Hole (note, this is a separate instrument from the SeaBird CTD used as part of the MCM LTER core limnological monitoring program). The CastAway CTD directly measures temperature, electrical conductivity, and pressure at 5 Hz as it free-falls through the water column at a rate of approximately 1 m s-1 on the downward cast and approximately 0.3 m s-1 on the upward cast. The device calculates salinity and density using the International Equation of State for Seawater, called EOS-80. This data package provides 27 profiles of depth, temperature, conductivity, specific conductance, salinity, and density collected between November 25, 2012 and January 21, 2013. In general, three profiles were collected over a ten-minute-period every seven days for 57 days. Five profiles were collected prior to the arrival of spring melt, four profiles were collected during the arrival of spring melt on December 7, 2012, and 18 profiles were collected after the arrival of spring melt continuing into late summer.
SBC LTER: Ocean: Diel nearshore water profiles (CTD and chemistry) during stratified conditions
These data describe diel fluctuations in nutrient and physical measurements observed in the nearshore region of the Santa Barbara Channel (Goleta Bay) during the summer of 2018. Sampling took place over three, 36-hour campaigns in August 2018 and encompasses neap, midway, and spring tide conditions. Data are contained in two tables: 1) a time series of physical measurements (temperature, salinity, etc.) measured over time at three different depths, 2) a time series of chemical and biological measurements (ammonium, chlorophyll a, etc.) measured over time at three different depths.
AREX 2017 selected hydrographic profiles: CTD and oxygen concentration in the south-west Spitsbergen area
<p>Data from AREX 2017 cruise aboard rv Oceania collected in July 2017 on the south-western Svalbard shelf in the MathWorks Matlab table and Microsoft Excel formats.</p> <p>This data selection was used and described in Vivier et al., 2024: Dense water production in Storfjorden, Svalbard, from a one-year time series of observations and a simple 3 model: Are polynyas in a warming Arctic exporting heat to the deep ocean? (for publication in JGR Oceans).</p> <p>The sampling took place during the Arctic Experiments AREX carried out by the Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IO PAN), Sopot, Poland since 1987 until present.</p> <p>During the AREX 2017 cruise CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) vertical profiles were taken from surface to bottom with Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. SBE 911plus CTD system (composed of duplicate SBE 3plus Temperature sensors, SBE 4C Conductivity sensors, and a Digiquartz® Pressure sensor, all calibrated by the manufacturer before each cruise). In addition to standard sensors, the system was equipped with the SBE43 dissolved oxygen sensor. Raw data were then filtered and processed with the SBE Data Processing Software (averaged to 1 dbar intervals) and further analysed and visualised in the MATLAB and exported to Excel (variables were rounded, blank values kept). Raw data are available from the IO PAN, Sopot, Poland (https://www.iopan.pl/).</p>
Hydrography profiles from ship CTD captured during PolarFront cruise 2024-01
<p>See the Cruise Report (Daase 2024) for details.</p> <p>Daase, M. (2024). PolarFront January 2024 Cruise Report. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623810" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10623810</a></p>
Vertical hydrography profiles from CTD rosette downcasts during PolarFront cruise 2022-05
<p>Hydrography data from CTD (SBE911plus, Seabird Inc.) profiles. Rosette equipped with the following sensors:</p> <ul> <li>Conductivity</li> <li>Temperature</li> <li>Pressure</li> <li>Fluorometer</li> <li>Turbidity</li> <li>PAR</li> <li>Oxygen</li> </ul> <p>Update December 2024</p> <p>The salinity and temperature sensors were calibrated against another CTD from a moored instrument by Ragnheid Skogseth at UNIS, the University Centre in Svalbard. A relatively large drift in temperature was observed. To convert temperature (T) and salinity (S) to calibrated values apply the following equations to e.g. data from stnrxxxx_bin.cnv</p> <p>T_new = T_old + 0.12<br>S_new = 1.0115 * S_old – 0.5343</p> <p>The following is quoted verbatim from chapter 1 in the cruise report (Basedow, 2022):</p> <blockquote> <p>Hydrographic data were collected by a variety of sensors mounted on vertical profiling platforms, towed platforms and autonomous gliders. Combined, these platforms provided detailed information at stations, high-resolution measurements across the polar front, and longer-term measurements by the gliders. During the cruise, hydrographic measurements were taken at stations using the main rosette equipped with 12 5-L Niskin bottles, CTD-F, PAR and other sensors (Table 1.1) and using a smaller rosette frame equipped with CTD-F, LOPC, LISST and WBAT (Table 1.2, Fig. 1.1). Both platforms were deployed vertically until 5-10 m above the bottom for the main platform and down to 300 m for the platform with the LOPC, this rosette sampling three profiles at selected stations.</p> <p>In total 14 vertical profiles were sampled by the rosette with the water bottles (Table 1.1) at our 6 main stations (PF1 to PF6). Water samples for biological analyses were taken from selected depths and a bottom water samples was collected at each station for calibration of the conductivity sensor ashore. Water samples for chlorophyll a will be used to calibrate the fluorescence sensor. CTD data from this rosette were processed using the SBEDataProcessing-Win32 software. Only the values from the CTD downcast were used to avoid turbulence caused by the rosette on the upcast. The data were converted<br>to physical units, filtered for outliers and bin-averaged over 1 m bins. </p> </blockquote> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Sünnje Basedow, Nicolas Gosset, Torkel Granaas, Eva Leu (2022). Hydrography. In: Malin Daase (ed.) (2022). PolarFront May 2022 Cruise Report. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7128746</p>
Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor profile data binned by depth from stations within the CCE region from CCE LTER P0904 student cruise, April 2009.
Data from deployed Seabird 911 CTD mounted on a 24-bottle rosette during P0904 student cruise in the CCE region. The CTD-rosette is lowered into the ocean (to depths up to 1000m) at selected hydrographic stations and multiple times across fronts, using the ship's conductive-wire winch. Data from many sensors are transmitted up the conductive wire and displayed real-time on a data aquistion computer. Discrete seawater samples are collected in 10L bottles at specific depths determined by the chlorophyll maximum and mixed layer depth. These samples are analyzed at sea and used to assess the CTD sensor data quality, plus measure additional properties. Processed CTD profile data are binned by depth and include: depth, temperature, salinity, density (sigma theta), oxygen, O2 saturation, PAR (radiation, surface radiation, and % irradiance), fluorescence, transmission, and nitrate. These data are then compared to the seawater sample data, and corrected if necessary.
Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor profile data binned by depth from stations within the CCE region from CCE LTER process cruises, 2006 - 2017 (ongoing).
Since 2006 (ongoing), the CCE LTER program has deployed a Seabird 911 CTD mounted on a 24-bottle rosette during Process cruises in the CCE region. The CTD-rosette is lowered into the ocean (to depths up to 1000m) at selected hydrographic stations and multiple times across fronts, using the ship's conductive-wire winch. Data from many sensors are transmitted up the conductive wire and displayed real-time on a data aquistion computer. Discrete seawater samples are collected in 10L bottles at specific depths determined by the chlorophyll maximum and mixed layer depth. These samples are analyzed at sea and used to assess the CTD sensor data quality, plus measure additional properties. Processed CTD profile data are binned by depth and include: depth, temperature, salinity, density (sigma theta), oxygen, O2 saturation, PAR (radiation, surface radiation, and % irradiance), fluorescence, transmission, and nitrate. These data are then compared to the seawater sample data, and corrected if necessary.
Seawater temperature and salinity depth profiles (CTD) - SAMS IMTA Lab
<p>Dataset contains depth profiles (0m to 20m below the surface) of seawater temperture and salinity, recorded using a handheld CTD (SonTek CastAway-CTD).</p> <p>Data range spans over 4 years (Oct 2020-2024; ASTRAL H2020 project lifespan) containing 53 sampling occassions i.e. on average montghly CTD casts.</p> <p>Hnadheld CTD was frequently cross-calibrated agianst SAMS in-house Seabird CTD and resulting offests appliced to the raw data recordings.</p>
Arctic Makarov Basin : IAOOS14, IAOOS15 and IAOOS25 ocean CTD-DO profiles in 2015 and 2017
<p>Arctic Makarov Basin : IAOOS14, IAOOS15 and IAOOS25 ocean CTD-DO profiles in 2015 and 2017</p> <p>IAOOS14, IAOOS15 and IAOOS25 were deployed from the Korean Icebreaker R/V Araon during cruises in the northern Chukchi Sea. IAOOS14 and IAOOS15 were deployed 300 m apart on the same floe on 12 August 2015 in the Makarov Basin (80.8°N;173°E) and they drifted together, remaining always less than 6 km apart. IAOOS25 was deployed on 15 August 2017 south-west Mendeleev Ridge (77.7°N;180°E) and drifted westward to the continental slope of the East Siberian Sea. IAOOS14 and IAOOS25 stopped transmitting on 9 October 2015 and 19 November 2017 respectively, likely due to the loss of their profilers while crossing relatively shallow shelves. IAOOS15 dataset ends in 15 October 2015.</p> <p>IAOOS profilers were set to perform two upward profiles per day of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) from 300 m (IAOOS15), 430 m (IAOOS25) and 800 m (IAOOS14). Ocean profilers were PROVOR SPI (from French manufacturer NKE) equipped with a Seabird SBE41 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) and a dissolved oxygen (DO) Aandera 4330 optode. Temperature, salinity and DO from IAOOS14 and IAOOS15 were very consistent. IAOOS25 provided 191 temperature and salinity profiles and no DO data.</p> <p>IAOOS platforms first profiles were compared to the ship CTD profiles closest to the ice camp. Temperature and salinity were in good agreement (at depth, δSA < 6 10-4 g.kg-1, and δΘ < 1.2 10-3 °C), however differences in dissolved oxygen concentration were notable (23 μmol.kg-1 at depth), likely resulting from sensor drift before deployment. We tentatively applied a constant offset. In the IAOOS25 dataset, six salinity profiles from 12 to 16 November 2017 exhibited anormaly low values from 50 to 400 m. They were corrected by applying an offset over the entire profile of about 0.48 psu, which corresponded to the salinity difference values with the surrounding Atlantic waters sampled at 400m (Figure 1). After quality control, temperature and salinity have and an accuracy of 0.005 °C and 0.02 psu respectively. Data were interpolated to 0.5 m vertical resolution. Description of the IAOOS experimental setup and data processing are given in Athanase et al. (2019).</p> <p>Reference :</p> <p>Athanase, M., Sennéchael, N., Garric, G., Koenig, Z., Boles, E., & Provost, C. (2019). New Hydrographic Measurements of the Upper Arctic Western Eurasian Basin in 2017 Reveal Fresher Mixed Layer and Shallower Warm Layer Than 2005–2012 Climatology. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(2), 1091–1114. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014701</p>
CTD profiles Billefjorden
<p>CTD profiles taken in Billefjorden in 2022 and 2023. Further information and metadata can be found in the vp2 files, with information on the dates, sampling coordinates and type of equipment used.</p>
Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor profile data binned by depth from PAL LTER annual cruises, 1991 - 2017 (ongoing).
Since 1991 (and ongoing), the PAL LTER program has deployed a SeaBird 911+ CTD mounted on a 24-bottle rosette during annual (Austral Summer) cruises plus a few supplemental cruises at other times of the year. An equal area grid oriented parallel to the average coast provides the basis for sampling, as well as specific process studies and on-the-fly scientific needs. The CTD-rosette is lowered into the ocean (usually to just above the sea-floor) using the ship's conductive-wire winch. Data is collected and displayed real-time to ensure quality and make decisions about where to collect seawater with the bottles. Bottle data is typically collected extensively in the seasaonal mixed layer and pycnocline, plus at Tmin, in the permament pycnolcine and at Tmax and Smax, as well as near the bottom. Bottle data allows measurement adn calculation of additional variables and helps ensure quality data collected via sensors. Sensors include: Pressure, Conductivity (for Salinity), Temperature, Oxygen, Transmissometer, Flourometer, Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR/Irrandiance). Additional Bottle Data Variables include: Phosphate, Silicate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonium. After each cruise, Temperature, Conductivity and Oxygen sensors are calbrated and post-crusie processing is applied, making use of pre- and post- cruise calibrations as well as SeaBird software and algorithms for getting the best quality data. Each profile is then inspected for any issues and if needed, suitable corrections are made such as using secondary sensors (temperature, conductivity and oxygen all currently measured in duplicate), using the upcast, or flagging the data as bad.
SPURS-1 research vessel CTD profile data for N. Atlantic cruises
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) profilers were deployed at stations on each of the 5 SPURS-1 cruises. These shipboard lowered CTD probes provide continuous conductivity, salinity, and temperature vertical profile observations at fixed sampling locations. There were 100, 52, 17, 22 and 94 CTD casts made during the Knorr, Endeavor-1, Endeavor-2, Sarmiento, and Thalassa cruises respectively. All CTD data were calibrated using shipboard salinometers using IAPSO standard seawater. SPURS-1 shipboard CTD data files (one per cruise) contain the observational data processed to 1 meter bin depth intervals.
SPURS-2 Argo float CTD profile data from the E. Tropical Pacific field campaign
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is a NASA-funded oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project is comprised of two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D, SMAP and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-2 campaign involved two month-long cruises by the R/V Revelle in August 2016 and October 2017 combined with complementary sampling on a more continuous basis over this period by the schooner Lady Amber. Focused around a central mooring located near 10N,125W, the objective of SPURS-2 was to study the dynamics of the rainfall-dominated surface ocean at the western edge of the eastern Pacific fresh pool subject to high seasonal variability and strong zonal flows associated with the North Equatorial Current and Countercurrent. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth (CTD) profiles from the upper 2000m. Twenty five floats were deployed during SPURS-2 within the campaign spatial domain and time period, yielding approximately 1,893 profiles. These were standard Argo floats with the addition of acoustic rain gauges (PAL) in some cases. SPURS-2 ARGO data files are organized per float and profile with the vertical conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations per the netCDF ARGO file specification with some augmented global metadata attributes.
OMG Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) Profiles
This dataset contains in situ measurements from Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) casts and tows. It provides salinity, density, temperature and sound velocity of the water column. The CTDs were deployed from a ship either as single profile casts or towed yo-yo behind the ship to measure the physical properties of the water. This provided measurements of the ocean's physical characteristics around Greenland. The CTDs are part of the Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) project. The goal of the project is to find out what contributions the ocean has on Greenland's melting glaciers.
Argo float CTD profile data within the scope of the SPURS-1 N. Atlantic field campaign
The SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study) project is an oceanographic process study and associated field program that aim to elucidate key mechanisms responsible for near-surface salinity variations in the oceans. The project involves two field campaigns and a series of cruises in regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans exhibiting salinity extremes. SPURS employs a suite of state-of-the-art in-situ sampling technologies that, combined with remotely sensed salinity fields from the Aquarius/SAC-D and SMOS satellites, provide a detailed characterization of salinity structure over a continuum of spatio-temporal scales. The SPURS-1 campaign involved a series of 5 cruises during 2012 - 2013 seeking to characterize the salinity structure and balance in a high salinity, high evaporation, and low rainfall region of the subtropical North Atlantic. It aims to resolve processes responsible for maintaining the subtropical surface salinity maximum in this region and within a 900 x 800-mile square study area centered at 25N, 38W. Part of the Argo global network of autonomous, self-reporting samplers, Argo floats drift horizontally and move vertically through the water column generally on 10 day cycles, collecting high-quality temperature, conductivity and salinity depth profiles from the upper 2000m. Approximately 24 floats were deployed during SPURS-1 within the campaign domain, mainly during the Knorr cruise (6 Sept-9 Oct,2012). These were standard Argo floats with the addition of surface temperature and salinity (STS) sensors and acoustic rain gauges (PAL). Data accessible here only include the standard ARGO profiles, not the STS or PAL data. SPURS-1 ARGO data files are oganized per float and each contain profile trajectory series of conductivity, salinity, temperature, pressure, depth observations.
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