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423 results for “Coastal Plain”
Geographic and temporal morphological stasis in the latest Cretaceous ammonoid Discoscaphites iris from the U.S. Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plains
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Data from: Phylogeography, population genetics, and distribution modeling reveal vulnerability of Scirpus longii (Cyperaceae) and the Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora to climate change.
A proactive approach to conservation must be predictive, anticipating how habitats will change and which species are likely to decline or prosper. We use composite species distribution modeling to identify suitable habitats for 18 members of the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora (ACPF) since the Last Glacial Maximum and project these into the future. We then use Scirpus longii (Cyperaceae), a globally imperiled ACPF sedge with many of the characteristics of extinction vulnerability, as a case study. We integrate phylogeographic and population genetic analyses and species distribution modeling to develop a broad view of its current condition and prognosis for conservation. We use genotyping-by-sequencing to characterize the genomes of 142 S. longii individuals from twenty populations distributed throughout its range (New Jersey to Nova Scotia). We measure the distribution of genetic diversity in the species and reconstruct its phylogeographic history using SNAPP and RASE. Extant populations of S. longii originated from a single refugium south of the Laurentide ice sheet around 25 thousand years ago. The genetic diversity of S. longii is exceedingly low, populations exhibit little genetic structure, and the species is slightly inbred. Projected climate scenarios indicate that nearly half of extant populations of S. longii will be exposed to unsuitable climate by 2070. Similar changes in suitable habitat will occur for many other northern ACPF species – centers of diversity will shift northward and Nova Scotia may become the last refuges for those species not extinguished.
Data from: Patterns of biodiverse, understudied groups do not mirror those of the surrogate groups that set conservation priorities: a case study from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America
We conducted biodiversity inventories of lichens, woody plants, and sedges at 32 sites on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America between November 2012 and June 2015. Each site comprised a single, uniform habitat, and sites were classified as: Coastal Plain Floodplain forest, Coastal Plain Flatwood swamp, Coastal Plain Oak-Pine forest, Maritime forest, Mixed Mesic Hardwood forest, or Tidal forest. We compared alpha diversity and community assemblages of each organismal group across the sites, and compared selected minimal reserve sets in order to visualize biodiversity patterns and assess whether specific components of vascular plants (sedges and woody plants) serve as an effective surrogate for lichens. Woody plants provide a direct substrate for lichen growth, but there was no significant correlation between the alpha diversity of these groups. For conserving maximal species richness among the studied groups, lichens outperformed the sedges and woody plants as the better surrogate group for building minimum reserve sets, even though vascular plants are more commonly used as a surrogate. Likewise, sedge alpha diversity was not correlated with lichens, or with woody plants. Although no group was an effective indicator for high alpha diversity sites of other organisms, a significant correlation between the community assemblages of lichens and woody plants suggests that protecting varied types of plant communities might serve as a workable surrogate for protecting lichens. The lack of congruence between species richness patterns across organismal groups suggests that the mechanisms that shape patterns of diversity are not identical, and that identifying and incorporating specific biodiversity indicators for understudied groups into conservation policy is necessary to ensure their protection.
Data from: Fertilizer legacies meet saltwater incursion: challenges and constraints for coastal plain wetland restoration
Coastal wetland restoration is an important tool for climate change adaptation and excess nutrient runoff mitigation. However, the capacity of restored coastal wetlands to provide multiple ecosystem services is limited by stressors, such as excess nutrients from upstream agricultural fields, high nutrient legacies on-site, and rising salinities downstream. The effects of these stressors are exacerbated by an accelerating hydrologic cycle, expected to cause longer droughts punctuated by more severe storms. We used seven years of surface water and six years of soil solution water chemistry from a large (440 ha) restored wetland to examine how fertilizer legacy, changes in hydrology, and drought-induced salinization affect dissolved nutrient and carbon concentrations. To better understand the recovery trajectory of the restored wetland, we also sampled an active agricultural field and two mature forested wetlands. Our results show that nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in soil solution were 2–10 times higher in the restored wetland compared to two mature forested wetlands, presumably due to legacy fertilizer mobilized by reflooding. Despite elevated nutrient concentrations relative to reference wetlands, the restored wetland consistently attenuated N and P pulses delivered from an upstream farm. Even with continued loading, N and P concentrations in surface water throughout the restored wetland have decreased since the initial flooding. Our results suggest that high nutrient concentrations and export from wetlands restored on agricultural lands may be a severe but temporary problem. If field to wetland conversion is to become a more widespread method for ameliorating nutrient runoff and adapting coastal plain ecosystems to climate change, we should adopt new methods for minimizing the initial export phase of wetland restoration efforts.
Fig. 24 in Cephalopods From The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval On The Atlantic Coastal Plain, With A Description Of The Highest Ammonite Zones In North America. Part 2. Northeastern Monmouth County, New Jersey
Fig. 24. Sphenodiscus lobatus (Tuomey, 1856). A, B. MAPS A2002a8 (same specimen as in fig.
Fig. 10 in Cephalopods From The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval On The Atlantic Coastal Plain, With A Description Of The Highest Ammonite Zones In North America. Part 2. Northeastern Monmouth County, New Jersey
Fig. 10. Formational contact between the New Egypt and Hornerstown Formations at AMNH loc.
Fig. 1 in Cephalopods From The Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval On The Atlantic Coastal Plain, With A Description Of The Highest Ammonite Zones In North America. Part 2. Northeastern Monmouth County, New Jersey
Fig. 1. Map of parts of New Jersey and Maryland showing localities mentioned in text.
FIGURE 6 in New occurrences of Belonostomus (Teleostomorpha: Aspidorhynchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of the North American Gulf Coastal Plain, USA
FIGURE 6. Belonostomus sp. SMU 77677. 1, ventral view; 2, lateral view. Scale bars equal 10 mm.
A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama
<p>We describe a new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus pascagoula sp. nov.) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of southeastern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama based on linear morphometrics, mitochondrial DNA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms from 881 loci produced using genotype-by-sequencing. Some populations of the new species were historically referred to as D. auriculatus, a polyphyletic assemblage of at least three species in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain from Texas to North Carolina. Populations of D. auriculatus from the Gulf Coastal Plain in Louisiana and Mississippi were recently described as D. valentinei. The new species includes populations that were tentatively referred to D. valentinei, but we find it is morphologically, genetically, and geographically distinct. It is smaller, has a more defined dorsal color pattern, more irregular whitish "portholes" in up to three rows on the lateral surfaces of the body and tail, and a brighter orange or yellowish orange postocular stripe. At present, the new species is known from only six extant populations in the lower Pascagoula, Escatawpa, and Mobile drainages. The latter represents a distinct phylogeographic lineage. We also refer a historical collection from the northeastern side of the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta to this species, suggesting a much broader range in the past. We suspect that more populations remain to be discovered in the area, and their potential species-level distinctiveness should be tested further. This discovery increases knowledge of the biodiversity in the southeastern United States Coastal Plain, a candidate region meeting the global criteria for a "biodiversity hotspot," and underscores the amount of cryptic diversity likely remaining to be discovered and described in Nearctic salamanders.</p>
Supplements for: Review and revision of the Olivoidea (Neogastropoda) from the Paleocene and Eocene of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain
<p>Numerous species of "oliviform" gastropods have been recognized in the Paleogene of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain, many of which have previously been allied to the "Bullia group" in the family Nassariidae, and placed in a variety of poorly-defined genera. We review these species, revise their generic and familial placement, and present a phylogenetic analysis. Of 19 species considered valid, all are assigned to Olivoidea, six to Olividae -- one to Oliva, five to Agaronia -- and the rest to Ancillariidae. The highly variable species Ancillaria altile Conrad, 1832 is referred in the genus Ancillopsis and appears to have evolved anagenetically over an interval of more than 15 million years. Ancillaria tenera Conrad, 1834a and Ancillaria scamba Conrad, 1832 are placed in the new genus Palmoliva. Monoptygma Lea, 1833 is demonstrated to belong to Ancillariidae, and to contain only a single species. Some specimens assigned to Lisbonia expansa Palmer, 1937 are split into adults assigned to Ancillopsis altilis and juveniles (together with several other species) in Anbullina elliptica (Whitfield, 1865). Coastal Plain ancillariids may have evolved from one or more species of the Cretaceous-Paleocene genus Eoancilla. We agree with previous authors who have suggested that the late Eocene species Oliva mississippiensis Conrad, 1848 is the earliest known representative of this genus and the subfamily Oliviinae, perhaps derived from a species of Agaronia. The oldest Agaronia is Lower Eocene (Ypresian).</p>
Allocation of Salamandra auriculata Holbrook, 1838, with a new species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain
<p>Most swamp-dwelling dusky salamanders of the genus <em>Desmognathus</em> from the Coastal Plain were long treated as a single species (<em>Desmognathus</em> <em>auriculatus</em>) ranging from east Texas to southeastern Virginia. This taxon concept was based on the name <em>Salamandra</em> <em>auriculata</em> Holbrook, 1838 with type locality Riceboro, Liberty County, Georgia and a type series that could not be located by later authors. Recent workers have been unable to locate or verify swamp-dwelling populations from east Texas and western Louisiana, which appear to be extirpated and may not have represented a distinct taxon from co-occurring lineages of <em>D</em>. <em>conanti</em>. Recent molecular phylogenies have supported at least four distinct species-level taxa within <em>D</em>. <em>auriculatus</em>. Populations from the Gulf Coastal Plain in eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and southwestern Alabama were recently described as <em>D</em>. <em>valentinei</em> Means, Lamb, and Bernardo, 2017 and <em>D</em>. <em>pascagoula</em> Pyron, O'Connell, Lamb, and Beamer, 2022. This leaves two remaining species-level lineages with uncertain taxonomy and nomenclature: <em>D</em>. <em>auriculatus</em> A (Alabama, Florida, and Georgia), and <em>D</em>. <em>auriculatus</em> B/C (Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina), both of which occur near the type locality. We recently located a specimen at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris (MNHN 0.4675) that we concluded is one of Holbrook's syntypes and designated it as the lectotype, but without allocation. Here, we use linear morphometrics to confidently allocate it to <em>D</em>. <em>auriculatus</em> A, bolstered by examination of three historical topotypic collections. This requires a new name for <em>D</em>. <em>auriculatus</em> B/C, which we describe as <em>D</em>. <em>valtos</em> sp. nov. (suggested common name: Carolina Swamp Dusky Salamander) from Otter Creek, Craven County, North Carolina. Other related and sympatric species of <em>Desmognathus</em> remain to be described from the Atlantic Coastal Plain and adjacent Piedmont of the southeastern United States. </p>
FIGURE 3. TMM 40068-24, left m1 in Anchitheriomys buceei (Rodentia, Castoridae) from the Miocene of Texas and a review of the Miocene beavers from the Texas Coastal Plain, USA
FIGURE 3. TMM 40068-24, left m1, cf. Palaeocastor. A – line drawing occlusal view, B – labial view.
FIGURE 2 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 2. Specimen storage in the Naturalis (Leiden, NL) fossil holoplanktic mollusk collection.
FIGURE 4 in New occurrences of the endangered Notholebias minimus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in coastal plains of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: populations features and conservation
FIGURE 4 | Length-weight relationship of Notholebias minimus (N = 43).
Conserved Forest on Sandy Coastal Plain, Saquarema,/RJ Brazil - Datasets (Point-Centered Quadrant Method)
<p>The Ipitangas Restinga is one of the last remnants of non-flooded restinga forest on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, from<br> Marambaia to Cabo Frio. Forest structure was studied using the point-centered quadrant method (200 points/800 individuals) and minimum diameter of 5cm at breast height and at soil level. A total of 108 species were recorded in 34 families. More informations: see Sá,C.F.C & Araujo,D.S.D. 2009.Estrutura e florística de uma floresta de restinga em Ipitangas, Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rodriguésia 60(1):147-170. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960108 Here we available all raw of data collected beteween 1990/1993. The families and species are accordind "Flora e Funga do Brasil".</p>
Figure 2 in Diet of bromeliad-frog Phyllodytes luteolus (Anura, Hylidae) in Atlantic Forest environments: what have the frogs been eating outside sandy coastal plains?
Figure 2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot for prey presence. The represented populations of P. luteolus in lowland forest (triangles), sandy coastal plains (circles) and island (squares) environments in Espírito Santo State, southeastern Brazil.
Figure 1 in Diet of bromeliad-frog Phyllodytes luteolus (Anura, Hylidae) in Atlantic Forest environments: what have the frogs been eating outside sandy coastal plains?
Figure 1. Study sites in Espírito Santo State, southeastern Brazil. Dark gray points represent the sampled Phyllodytes luteolus populations.
Disturbed Forest on Sandy Coastal Plain, Saquarema/RJ - Datasets and Phytosociological analyses
<p>Os dados brutos foram coletados em 2019 por Bárbara de Pinho Agapito, Cyl Farney Catarino de Sá & Dorothy Sue Dunn de Araujo em área perturbada de Floresta de Restinga em Saquarema/RJ. Um grande distúrbio ocorreu entre 1965/1970 com corte e queima da floresta para abertura de pastagem e cultivos temporários. O solo arenoso, o fogo recorrente e a disseminação de gramíneas invasoras agressivas tem retardado a regeneração da floresta cuja matriz é adjacente. Parcelas de 5 x 5 m foram instaladas nessa área perturbada para análise da regeneração avaliando ocorrência, abundância e persistência das espécies lenhosas. Foram medidos todos os indivíduos com DAS ≥ 0,1 cm , assim como suas alturas foram tomadas. A análise fitossociológica também está disponível com todos os parâmetros absolutos e relativos, calculados através do Excel. </p>
Conserved Forest on Sandy Coastal Plain, Saquarema/RJ - Datasets and Phytosociological analyses
<p>Esses dados brutos foram coletados entre 1993/1994 por Cyl Farney C de Sá & Dorothy S.Dunn de Araujo na parte conservada da floresta de restinga da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, Saquarema/RJ. Parcelas 10 x10m foram subdivididas em 4 blocos de 5 x 5 m e foram alocadas obedecendo linhas abertas em trilhas para estudo da área através do método de Ponto Quadrantes. O critério de inclusão foi DAP ≥ 2,5 cm, sendo que as medidas tomada em campo foram coletadas em circunferência (CAP ≥ 8cm). As alturas foram estimadas. As circunferências, inclusive de múltiplos troncos, foram medidas a 1,30m de altura do solo. Material identificado no Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Herbário RB). As análises fitossociológicas foram realizadas em Excel. Todos os parâmetros absolutos e relativos estão apresentados. Os dados foram cedidos a Bárbara de Pinho Agapito para uso em sua Dissertação de Mestrado na Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical (ENBT) para comparação entre áreas (perturbaada x conservada) dessa mesma floresta.</p>
Data from: Ancestral area analyses reveal Pleistocene-influenced evolution in a clade of Coastal Plain endemic plants
<p><strong>AIM:</strong> The North American Coastal Plain is currently recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, the mechanisms driving high levels of species richness in a region with relatively low topographic relief and homogeneous climate are unclear. We investigated the evolutionary processes driving ancestral area evolution and diversification in a biodiversity hotspot from both a systematic and biogeographic context using a clade endemic to the hotspot.</p> <p><strong>LOCATION</strong>: North American Coastal Plain</p> <p><strong>TAXON</strong>: The Scrub Mint clade comprises <em>Dicerandra</em>, <em>Conradina</em>, <em>Piloblephis</em>, <em>Stachydeoma</em>, and four species of <em>Clinopodium</em> (Mentheae; Lamiaceae), almost all of which are endemic to the North American Coastal Plain. </p> <p><strong>METHODS</strong>: We generated a dated phylogeny using a target enrichment/capture dataset and then calculated ancestral area using biogeographic models. We uncovered neo- and paleo-endemism hotspots and inferred ancestral potential ranges at each node based on ancestral niche reconstructions and paleoclimatic data to understand the geographic range evolution of subclades. </p> <p><strong>RESULTS</strong>: Ancestral area for the SMC was inferred to be the Florida Panhandle/Apalachicola River basin. A diversification event likely happened around the mid-Pleistocene Transition. Endemism hotspots were recovered in NE Florida, the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, and along the Lake Wales Ridge. Reconstructions of potential ranges support biogeographic findings, with the ancestor of the SMC likely located in the vicinity of the northeastern Gulf Coast during interglacial and glacial periods.</p> <p><strong>MAIN</strong> <strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: The timing of diversification events and colonization of new areas by ancestors of the SMC is consistent with the timing of major geological events in the region. The presence of multiple types of endemism highlights the complexity of evolutionary and ecological processes that foster the large number of endemic taxa found in this region. Efforts to identify hotspots in this region will be critical to preserving the remaining pockets of biodiversity threatened by global change.</p>
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