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535 results for “DUST”
Data for "Martian oxygen and hydrogen upper atmospheres responding to solar and dust storm drivers: Hisaki space telescope observations"
<p>Data files (.npy) and python codes (.ipynb) to produce the figures in the paper.</p> <p>Download the zip file (dataforfigures_v2.zip), open plot_figX.ipynb with Jupyter notebook, and run it.</p> <p> </p>
Modeled Atmospheric Optical and Thermodynamic Responses to an Exceptional Trans-Atlantic Dust Outbreak
<p>Nine WRF-Chem 3.8.0 hindcasts, each utilizing a different dust emission configuration, from 1 March – 31 May 2015, coinciding with a Saharan air layer (SAL) dust outbreak during the 2015 Caribbean drought. WRF-Chem modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Gálvez-Davison Index (GDI), a convective forecasting parameter, are provided in the files. These data correspond to the results published in "Modeled Atmospheric Optical and Thermodynamic Responses to an Exceptional Trans-Atlantic Dust Outbreak" by Paul Miller, Marcus Williams, and Thomas Mote, published the <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em>.</p>
The extraterrestrial dust flux: size distribution and mass contribution estimates inferred from the Transantarctic Mountain (TAM) micrometeorite collection
<p>This study explores the long-duration (0.8-2.3Ma), time-averaged micrometeorite flux (mass and size distribution) reaching Earth, as recorded by the Transantarctic Mountain (TAM) micrometeorite collection. We investigate a single sediment trap (TAM65), performing an exhaustive recovery and characterization effort and identifying 1643 micrometeorites (between 100-2000μm). Approximately 7% of particles are unmelted or scoriaceous, of which 75% are fine-grained. Among cosmic spherules, 95.6% are silicate-dominated S-types, and further subdivided into porphyritic (16.9%), barred olivine (19.9%), cryptocrystalline (51.6%) and vitreous (7.5%). Our (rank)-size distribution is fit against a power law with a slope of -3.9 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.98) over the size range 200-700μm. However, the distribution is also bimodal, with peaks centered at ~145μm and ~250μm. Remarkably similar peak positions are observed in the Larkman Nunatak data. These observations suggest that the micrometeorite flux is composed of multiple dust sources with distinct size distributions. In terms of mass, the TAM65 trap contains 1.77g of extraterrestrial dust in 15kg of sediment (<5mm). Upscaling to a global annual estimate gives 1,555 (±753) t/yr – consistent with previous micrometeorite abundance estimates and almost identical to the previous South Pole Water Well flux estimate (~1,600 t/yr) and potentially suggesting minimal variation in the background cosmic dust flux over the Quaternary. The greatest uncertainty in our mass flux calculation is the accumulation window. A minimum age (0.8Ma) is robustly inferred from the presence of Australasian microtektites, while the upper age (~2.3Ma) is loosely constrained based on <sup>10</sup>Be exposure dating of glacial surfaces at Roberts Butte (6km from our sample site).</p>
FIGURES 1–6 in Description of a new species of Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from house dust from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
FIGURES 1–6. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sabelisi n. sp. 1. Female, dorsal shield; 2. Female, ventral idiosoma; 3. Female, spermatheca; 5. Female, chelicera; 6. male, ventrianal shield.
FIGURE 9 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 9. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. chevalieri; subadult (a) and juvenile (b) from North Lorma National Park, Liberia; juveniles (c, f) and subadults (d, e), from Sérédou, Guinea (photos c, e, f: J. Köhler; photo d: P. Naskrecki); adult from Gola National Park, Sierra Leone (g); subadult from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (h).
FIGURE 8 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 8. Holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (Mocquard, 1908) MNHN 1908.033 in dorsal (a) and ventral view (b; scale bar: 10 mm.); details of hand (c) and foot (d).
FIGURE 4 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 4. Pattern of head markings in juvenile Amietophrynus s. chevalieri, A. s. superciliaris and A. channingi sp. nov. (specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets). A. s. chevalieri (a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm); A. s. superciliaris (b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm); A. channingi sp. nov. (c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles).
FIGURE 3 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas).
FIGURE 11 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 11. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. holotype (a, b) from Mwana, Democratic Republic of Congo; adult (c, d) from Irangi, Democratic Republic of Congo.
FIGURE 12 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 12. Tadpole of A. channingi sp. nov. (modified after Orts 1970; scale bar mouth: 1 mm; scale bar tadpole: 10 mm): Gosner stage 25 (a): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 26-28 (b): tadpole mouth, dorsal, lateral and ventral view; Gosner stage 36-37 (c): dorsal, lateral and ventral view.
FIGURE 7 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 7. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid: a) holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a: MNHN 1908.033); syntype of A. laevissimus (b: ZSM 148-1989.1); syntype of A. s. superciliaris (c: BM 1947.2.21.42; photo C. McCarthy).
FIGURE 6 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 6. Habitat of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri at Monts Nimba, Guinea (a); Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (b); Déré Forest Reserve, Guinea (c); Mont Béro, Guinea (d); habitat of A. s superciliaris at Cross River National Park, Nigeria (e); Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon (f, g: photos: V. Gvoždík).
FIGURE 5 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of syntypes of Amietophrynus s. superciliaris (in order left to right, top: BMNH 1947.2.21.41-45; bottom: BMNH 1947.2.21.46-49; scale bar: 10 mm; photo: C. McCarthy).
FIGURE 10 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 10. Holotype of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. in lateral view (a); dorsal view (b); details of hand (c); details of foot (d).
FIGURE 2 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view.
FIGURE 1 in Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a "H", vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark "?" refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H= Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H1= Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H2= South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H= Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.).
TRUST 3D Dust RT Slab Benchmark Data
<p>Output global SEDs and images at selected wavelengths for the Slab benchmark of the TRUST collaboration. TRUST is a suite of benchmarks for 3D dust radiative transfer codes in astronomy. </p> <p>Paper describing the TRUST Slab benchmark is Gordon et al. (2017, A&A, 603, 114; http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A&A...603A.114G)</p> <p>More details on TRUST at http://ipag.osug.fr/RT13/RTTRUST/.</p> <p>Code to make plots using this data at: https://github.com/karllark/trust_slab</p>
Data for: Stabilisation of soil organic matter with rock dust partially counteracted by plants
<p class="MsoNormal">In this study, the effect of rock dust addition on both soil inorganic and organic carbon contents was investigated. Soil chemical changes were measured, including soil organic carbon (totals and fractions), soil inorganic carbon, pH, electric conductivity, and water-extractable and ammonium acetate-extractable ion levels (Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Fe, Zn, Si). In addition, the effect of plants on soil chemistry and rocks on plant growth (biomass) and plant ion uptake was studied. The results demonstrated rock weathering during the 6 months incubation period and a stabilisation of organic carbon. Plants partially counteracted the stabilisation of soil organic carbon. This was attributed to interactions between soil chemical changes induced by rock dust, plant exudation, and subsequent soil organic carbon stabilisation mechanisms.</p>
A four-dimensional, multiyear, and near-global climate data record of the fine-mode (sub-micrometer in terms of diameter) and coarse-mode (super-micrometer in terms of diameter) components of atmospheric pure-dust.
<p>A new four-dimensional, multiyear, and near-global climate data record of the fine-mode (sub-micrometer in terms of diameter) and coarse-mode (super-micrometer in terms of diameter) components of atmospheric pure-dust, is presented. The separation of the two modes of dust in detected atmospheric dust layers is based on a combination of (1) the total pure-dust product provided by the well-established European Space Agency (ESA) - “LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure” (LIVAS) database and (2) the coarse-mode component of pure-dust provided by the first-step of the two-step POlarization LIdar PHOtometer Networking (POLIPHON) technique, developed in the framework of European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). The fine-mode component of pure-dust is extracted as the residual between the total pure-dust and the coarse-mode component of pure-dust. Intermediate steps involve the implementation of regionally-dependent lidar-derived lidar-ratio values and AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) based climatological extinction-to-volume conversion factors, facilitating conversion of dust backscatter into extinction and subsequently extinction into mass concentration. The decoupling scheme is applied to Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) observations at 532 nm. The final products consist of the submicrometer (particles with diameter less than 1 μm) and supermicrometer (particles with diameter greater than 1 μm) modes of atmospheric pure-dust, of quality-assured profiles of backscatter coefficient at 532 nm, extinction coefficient at 532 nm, and mass concentration for each of the two components. The datasets are provided primarily with the original L2 horizontal (5 km) and vertical (60 m) resolution of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) along the CALIPSO orbit-path, and secondly in averaged profiles of seasonal-temporal resolution, 1<sup>o</sup>×1<sup>o</sup> spatial resolution, and with the original vertical resolution of CALIPSO, focusing on the latitudinal band extending between 70<sup>o</sup>S and 70<sup>o</sup>N and covering more than 15-years of Earth Observation (06/2006-12/2021). The quality of the dust products is justified by using AERONET fine-mode and coarse-mode aerosol optical thickness (AOT) interpolated to 532 nm and AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D) campaign airborne in-situ particle size distributions (PSDs) as reference datasets, during atmospheric conditions characterized by dust presence. The near-global fine-mode and coarse-mode pure-dust climate data record is considered unique with respect to a wide range of potential applications, including climatological, time-series, and trend analysis over extensive geographical domains and temporal periods, validation of atmospheric dust models and reanalysis datasets, assimilation activities, investigation of the role of airborne dust on radiation, and air quality.</p>
A new method for eliminating dust effects when quantifying the light absorption properties of brown carbon
<p>Accurate quantification of the absorption properties of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols is crucial to assess the Earth-atmosphere radiative impacts of BrC. However, the BrC absorption properties were often misestimated in field observations, due to neglecting the contribution of dust absorption. This study solved this problem by coupling a method for calculating the dust concentration into the traditional model for quantifying BrC absorption. The results show that dust absorption was up to 16.8% of the sum of BrC and dust absorption in northwestern China. The potential contribution of dust to the sum of BrC and dust absorption was significantly higher in the Asia-located studies (0.4−16.8%) than in the Americas-located (<1.2%) and Europe-located (<2.3%) studies. This work underscores the necessity of eliminating the negative effect of dust in BrC quantitative model. It prompts us to revisit the BrC absorption properties resolved by previous studies, especially in dust-influenced areas such as Asia.</p> <p>The data file contains data from the AE31 aethalometer, aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer (APS), tapered element oscillating microbalance machine (TEOM), and high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) used in this study, as well as data from each figure in this study.</p>
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