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656 results for “Darwin”
Data from: Floral evolution and pollinator diversification in Hedychium: revisiting Darwin’s predictions using an integrative taxonomic approach
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What Darwin couldn't see: Island formation and historical sea levels shape genetic divergence and island biogeography in a coastal marine species
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Data from: Ecological speciation in Darwin’s finches: Ghosts of finches future
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North Temperate Lakes LTER: Crayfish Abundance 1981 - current (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/287/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/3/29. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Crayfish data include crayfish catch in cylindrical minnow traps baited with beef liver and occasional occurrence in other gear used to sample fish. Traps are placed at fyke net locations in nine study lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, Mendota, Monona, Wingra and Fish). Crayfish traps have been eliminated as gear in the Madison area lakes (Mendota, Monona, Wingra, and Fish) after 2003. Individuals are identified to species and counted. In Trout and Sparkling Lake more detailed surveys have been conducted during the summer on an ad hoc basis to track distribution and abundance of the invading species Orconectes rusticus. Additional data sets consist of pre-LTER sets (initiated in late June 1972) gathered by Capelli (Ph.D. dissertation) and Lorman (Ph.D. dissertation). Most of pre-LTER data is detailed distribution in Trout Lake, and community composition in other area lakes. Sampling Frequency: annually Number of sites: 9 Note that 2020 data does not exist due to insufficient sampling.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Benthic Macroinvertebrates 1981 - current (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/290/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/11/35. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Macroinvertebrates are collected from selected shoreline and deep water locations in the seven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes, and unnamed lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog]) in the Trout Lake area using modified Hester-Dendy samplers. Samplers are placed at fyke net and gill net locations in August and retrieved 3-4 weeks later. Macroinvertebrates are preserved in ethanol. This dataset contains counts of various groups of macroinvertebrates identified from specific samples. The majority of the identifications are at the genus level. The data table "Benthic Macroinvertebrate Codes" identifies the taxonomic group represented by each group code. Taxonomic references: Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates, Edited by James H Thorp and Alan P Covich, Academic Press, Inc, 1991; Aquatic Insects of Wisconsin, William L Hilsenhoff, Natural History Museums Council, University of Wisconsin-Madison (1995). Sampling Frequency: annually Number of sites: 7
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Fish Abundance 1981 - current (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/303/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/7/39. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data set is a derived data set based on fish catch data. Data are collected annually to enable us to track the fish assemblages of eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog] and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Mendota, Monona, Wingra and Fish). Sampling on Lakes Monona, Wingra, and Fish started in 1995; sampling on other lakes started in 1981. Sampling is done at six littoral zone sites per lake with seine, minnow or crayfish traps, and fyke nets; a boat-mounted electrofishing system samples three littoral transects. Vertically hung gill nets are used to obtain two pelagic samples per lake from the deepest point. A trammel net samples across the thermocline at two sites per lake. In the bog lakes only fyke nets and minnow traps are deployed. Parameters measured include species-level identification and lengths for all fish caught, and weight and scale samples from a subset. Derived data sets include species richness, catch per unit effort, and size distribution by species, lake, and year. Dominant species vary from lake to lake. Perch, rockbass, and bluegill are common, with walleye, large and smallmouth bass, northern pike and muskellunge as major piscivores. Cisco have been present in the pelagic waters of four lakes, and the exotic species, rainbow smelt, is present in two. The bog lakes contain mudminnows. Protocol used to generate data: Day seines were only used in 1981 and have been eliminated from this da
CGR02 Sweep sampling of Grasshoppers on Konza Prairie LTER watersheds (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/341/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/29/18. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Sweep samples were taken for grasshoppers (Acrididae) at two sites for each of 14 Konza Prairie LTER watersheds. Samples are taken in late July to early August. At each site on each occasion, 10 sets of 20 sweeps (200 sweeps total) are taken. Stored data include for each site on each occasion: total number of each species (all instars combined) collected and total number for each instar for each species (200 sweeps combined).
CSM01 Seasonal Summary of Numbers of Small Mammals on 14 LTER Traplines in Prairie Habitats at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/343/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/88/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Data set contains seasonal summaries (spring and autumn) of the number of individuals of each species of small mammal captured (relative abundance) on each grassland trapline. Each record contains year, season, trapline and number of individuals captured of each species. These live trap records are based on daily captures during two 4-day trapping periods in spring (late February to early April) and autumn (early October to mid-November) for each of 14 permanent traplines established on seven fire-grazing treatments (two traplines per treatment). These seven fire-grazing treatments include three sites that are grazed by bison (1 unburned, 1 annual burn and 1 4-year burn) and four sites that are not grazed by bison (1 unburned, 1 annual burn and 2 4-year burn).
Biodiversity - Fauna - Bird Survey (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/191/4, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bes/543/170. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This dataset is associated with BES Bird Monitoring Bird Monitoring Project: ================= The BES Bird Monitoring Project is a breeding bird survey designed to find out what birds are found in the breeding season in Baltimore and where. Our monitoring efforts will show associations among block group socioeconomic variables, land cover, land use, and habitat features with breeding bird abundance, to provide information for land managers on possible consequences of land use changes on bird communities. A distinguishing feature of the bird monitoring at BES LTER, relative to other urban bird work, is the capacity for long-term monitoring of features at multiple scales through links to other parts of the project. Different processes influence habitat for birds at different scales, e.g. ongoing household level human decision-making at lot scale vs. block or neighborhood scale abandonment/re-development. Our project seeks to understand how these processes impact bird occurrence, abundance, and composition differ at the lot, block and neighborhood scale. The database consists of four tables. Sites, Surveys, Taxalist, and Birds. Sites records thje sites and their characteristics. Surveys describe the actual outings or sampling sessions. They describe the weather, the temperature, the sites visited. Taxalist provides the integration of speciaies abbreviations and common names, and Birds describes the actual sightings, linking to the other three tables. Attribute info
Meiobenthos abundance. Long-term variability and dynamics of estuarine meiobenthic populations for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1972 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/350/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/6/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The original purpose of this research was to determine if natural meiobenthic assemblages exhibited continuity over time and to monitor several physical variables to determine if these influenced long-term temporal patterns. The most recent study focused on variation and the relations of meiobenthos abundance with environmental factors over 11 years. Typically marine benthic community studies are limited temporally and the majority of previously published 'longterm' meiofauna results (all taxa) were based on about a year's duration.
Zooplankton Data for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1981 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/352/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/2/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package consists of Zooplankton Data for North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, from 1981 to 1992, North Inlet LTER. The purpose of the long term monitoring of zooplankton was to characterize the fauna in the water column larger than or equal to 153 microns and to obtain some basic information on each of the taxa encountered there. A sampling regime of collections made at regular biweekly intervals was implemented to provide the best quantitative assessment of long term changes in the zooplankton population dynamics.
LTER Epibenthos Sampling Data for North Inlet Estuary, Georgetown, South Carolina from 1981 to 1992, North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/354/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/7/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package consists of Epibenthos Sampling for North Inlet Stations Bread and Butter Creek, from 1981 to 1992, and Debidue Creek from 1981 to 1984, The purpose of the long term monitoring of Epibenthos was to determine seasonal and inter-annual changes in the taxonomic/life stage composition and abundance of small motile epibenthic invertebrates and fishes (1-20 mm in length) in the major sub- tidal habitats of North Inlet estuary.
Macrobenthos Sampling data for the North Inlet Estuary, Georgetown,South Carolina, from 1981 to 1992 North Inlet LTER (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/353/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-nin/9/1. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data package consists of Macrobenthos Sampling Data for North Inlet Stations Bread and Butter Creek from 1981 to 1992, and Debidue Creek from 1981 to 1984, North Inlet LTER. The purpose of this study was to document the composition and abundance of macrobenthic subtidal populations over time at one mud and one sand site. Macrobenthos was defined here as those animals retained on a 0.5 mm mesh screen.
Long Term Mammal Data from Powdermill Biological Station 1979-1999 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/356/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-vcr/67/20. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This is a 20-year record of small mammal trapping from the Powdermill Biological Station, Rector, PA 15677 collected by Joseph F. Merritt. It is included here as a comparative source of small mammal data.
Data from: The ecology and evolution of seed predation by Darwin's finches on Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
Predator-prey interactions play a key role in the evolution of species traits through antagonistic coevolutionary arms-races. The evolution of beak morphology in the Darwin's finches in response to competition for seed resources is a classic example of evolution by natural selection. The seeds of Tribulus cistoides are an important food source for the largest ground finch species (Geospiza fortis, G. magnirostris, and G. conirostris) in dry months, and the hard spiny morphology of the fruits are a potent agent of selection that drives contemporary evolutionary change in finch beak morphology. Although the effects of these interaction on finches are well known, how seed predation affects the ecology and evolution of the plants is poorly understood. Here we examine whether seed predation by Darwin's finches affects the ecology and evolution of T. cistoides. We ask whether the intensity of seed predation and the strength of natural selection by finches on fruit defense traits varies among populations, islands, years, or with varying finch community composition (i.e., the presence/absence of the largest beaked species, which feed on T. cistoides most easily). We then further test whether T. cistoides fruit defenses have diverged among islands in response to spatial variation in finch communities. We addressed these questions by examining seed predation by finches in 30 populations of T. cistoides over three years. Our study reveals three key results. First, Darwin's finches strongly influence T. cistoides seed survival, whereby seed predation varies with differences in finch community composition among islands and in response to inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation. Second, finches impose phenotypic selection on T. cistoides fruit morphology, whereby smaller and harder fruits with longer or more spines exhibited higher seed survival. Variation in finch community composition and precipitation also explains variation in phenotypic selection on fruit defense traits. Third, variation in the number of spines on fruits among islands is consistent with divergent phenotypic selection imposed by variation in finch community composition among islands. These results suggest that Darwin's finches and T. cistoides are experiencing an ongoing coevolutionary arms-race, and that the strength of this coevolution varies in space and time.
Darwin's vexing contrivance: A new hypothesis for why some flowers have two kinds of anther
<p>Heteranthery, the presence of two or more anther types in the same flower, is taxonomically widespread among bee-pollinated angiosperms, yet has puzzled botanists since Darwin. We test two competing hypotheses for its evolution: the longstanding "division of labour" hypothesis, which posits that some anthers are specialized as food rewards for bees whereas other are specialized for surreptitious pollination, and our new hypothesis that heteranthery is a way to gradually release pollen that maximizes pollen delivery. We examine the evolution of heteranthery and associated traits across the genus <i>Clarkia </i>(Onagraceae) and study plant-pollinator interactions in two heterantherous <i>Clarkia </i>species. Across species, heteranthery is associated with bee pollination, delayed dehiscence and colour crypsis of one anther whorl, and movement of that anther whorl upon dehiscence. Our mechanistic studies in heterantherous species show that bees notice, forage on, and export pollen from each anther whorl when it is dehiscing, and that heteranthery promotes pollen export. We find no support for division of labour, but multifarious evidence that heteranthery is a mechanism for gradual pollen presentation that likely evolved through indirect male-male competition for siring success.</p>
Darwin travelling microscope
3D model of small portable brass microscope owned by Charles Darwin and dating from period when he sailed on HMS Beagle as geologist and naturalist. Manufactured by Cary of London, 1826-30. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Darwin Skull 01
Darwin + chimpanzee skull. Can be printed in two parts. Remixed from: https://www.myminifactory.com/object/3d-print-bust-of-charles-darwin-29750 and https://www.myminifactory.com/object/3d-print-chimpanzee-skull-29106 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figs 1–5 in New for the Russian fauna Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Primorsky Krai and Sakhalin Island
Figs 1–5. Brachyzapus striatus Humala, sp. n., ♀, holotype. 1 – habitus, lateral view,
Fig. 16 in Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of the Kintrishi National Park, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of six new species
Fig. 16: Mesochorus (Mesochorus) albidus RIEDEL nov.sp. HT, habitus.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.