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Supplementary material 6 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 6 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 2 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 2 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 3 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 3 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 4 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 4 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 7 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

Supplementary material 7 from: Collins N, Lightfoot DC (2022) A new species of tree cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Oecanthinae) from Chihuahuan Desert gypsum dunes in the United States and a key to the nigricornis species group. Journal of Orthoptera Research 31(2): 181-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.31.79036

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

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Case study data 2022: The effects of dune plant roots on loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nest success

Sand dunes are supported by the extensive root systems of dune plants that anchor the dune and protect it from erosion. While all plants that grow on the dunes support their structure, invasive plants can outcompete native and non-native dune plants for resources such as nutrients, sunlight, and space to grow. During the summer, sea turtles lay nests on beaches and near dunes; however, their eggs and hatchlings are at risk of destruction and entrapment by dune plant root penetration. Dune plant roots can penetrate sea turtle nest cavities, thus decreasing the hatching success of the eggs and the emergence success of the hatchlings. The purpose of this project was to determine how plant roots impact loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nest success on Casey Key, Sarasota County, Florida, USA, and to assess which factors affect plant root invasion. We predicted (1) a negative impact on loggerhead sea turtle nests by plant roots, (2) invasive plants have a larger impact than native or non-native plants, and (3) the distance from the dune affects whether roots will penetrate the nest. Data from nests excavated in 2022 were used to determine the extent of root penetration and species of plants were documented. Statistical models were used to identify which variables had the greatest effect on root penetration. The results of this study conclude that root presence in the nest cavity decreases both hatch and emergence success of hatchlings within the nest and that nests closer to the dune are more likely to have a higher proportion of root damage and lower hatch and emergence success. This study helps advance understanding of how and if invasive plants affect sea turtle reproductive success and helps inform coastal management aimed at conserving threatened loggerhead populations.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Habitat mapping of coastal dunes with deep learning - Scripts & Data

Authors: Eva M. Lansu, Valérie C. Reijers, Freek Daniëls, Rebecca James, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Tjisse van der Heide   Abstract About one-third of the world's shoreline is defined by sandy coasts with developed dune ecosystems. These ecosystems drastically degraded them due to anthropogenic pressures. To develop strategic management that counteracts this degradation, it is essential to closely monitor ongoing habitat changes. Traditionally, coastal dune monitoring is based on field observations, which are labour intensive and costly. While automated analyses of aerial imagery could reduce monitoring efforts and enhance spatial coverage, to date, its application has remained limited to a single small-scale trial (<2 km2). Here, we trained a Convolutional Neural Network to map the Dutch coastal dunes (562 km2) at 25 cm resolution using six habitat classes: bare sand, shrubs, fresh water, grass, broadleaf trees, and needleleaf trees. Training the network on only RGB imagery resulted in predictions with 92% accuracy, 80% average recall and 70% precision. Model performance increased when the network was trained on all available data - RGB imagery, near-infrared, distance to sea, digital surface model, and canopy height - resulting in 95% accuracy, 88% averaged recall and 80% precision. Finally, we compared the predictions with 499 in-field observations across the Dutch coastal dunes and found 88% accuracy, 74% averaged recall and 62% precision. We used this model to create a map of the entire Dutch coastal dunes, which enables rapid and precise assessments of habitat diversity and extent. As habitat and species diversity are intrinsically linked, our results showcase how automated image analysis can enable biodiversity monitoring on a national scale. ============================================== Methods The analyses rely on the following datasets: <ul> <li>Orthophoto mosaics including a near-infrared band (from <a href="http://geotiles.nl/">http://geotiles.nl/</a>)</li> <li>Digital surface model and a digital terrain model (from <a href="https://www.ahn.nl/">https://www.ahn.nl/</a>)</li> <li>A land-use map (from <a href="https://lgn.nl/basiskaart">https://lgn.nl/basiskaart)</a></li> </ul>

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Seed size and capitulum position drive germination and dormancy responses to projected warming for the threatened dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae)

Among coastal plant species at risk from rapid environmental changes is the North American Great Lakes dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri. Despite being listed as federally threatened, little is known about how C. pitcheri seed attributes influence germination and dormancy-break patterns in the context of climate change. Following a previous work where we found differences in the number and weight of C. pitcheri seeds among capitulum positions and study sites, here we examine the effects of seed attributes (capitulum position, seed weight and site of origin) on the proportion and timing of C. pitcheri seed germination under temperature treatments that simulate projected warming in the Great Lakes (20/10°C, 25/10°C and 30/10°C day/night). Our results demonstrate that C. pitcheri produces diverse cohorts of seeds with seed attributes that significantly influence the timing and probability of germination over a three-year soil seed bank. C. pitcheri seed germination proportions were highest at 20°C and decreased successively at 25°C and 30°C. Seeds from terminal capitula had higher germination proportions and took longer to germinate than those from secondary capitula. The effect of seed weight on germination probability also depended on site of origin and capitulum position, with all effects varying in size and significance over time. Our results highlight the considerable differences in germination patterns exhibited by seeds from different capitulum positions and sites of origin and provide insight into the dormancy-break patterns that C. pitcheri might experience under the predicted temperature rise in the Great Lakes region of North America.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

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Effects of temperature on seed dormancy and germination of the coastal dune plant Viola grayi: Germination phenology and responses to winter warming

PREMISE: In temperate sand dunes, rising air temperature owing to climate change could not only further elevate surface soil temperatures during summers but also drastically change the range of soil temperatures in other seasons. Winter warming may shift the timing of seed germination of dune species that require cold stratification for dormancy release. METHODS: We assessed the effects of temperature on dormancy and germination of Viola grayi seeds and evaluated whether winter warming could affect its germination phenology by conducting germination experiments and analyzing soil temperature data in cold and warm winters. RESULTS: Viola grayi seeds were dormant when dispersed in spring. One-month moist-chilling treatment (4°C) effectively released dormancy, while short, intermittent lower temperatures (alternating 20/5°C) did not. Continuous higher temperatures induced secondary dormancy in non-dormant seeds. During a cold, snowy winter, the surface soil temperatures of the sand dune remained at 0–2°C for approximately one month owing to the accumulated snow, while the period of such stable low soil temperatures was much shorter during a warm, less snowy winter, and the highest soil temperature class reached 20–25°C. These results suggest that dispersed seeds germinate in the following spring after winter chilling, but they may remain dormant after warm winters. CONCLUSIONS: With winter warming, prolonged seed dormancy and associated germination delay could occur in V. grayi seeds. Assessing the minimum requirements for dormancy release and the potential to form persistent soil seed banks is important for judging the necessity and urgency of conservation efforts for temperate dune species.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

FIGURE 5 in Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach

FIGURE 5. Timaviella dunensis (Us-6-3): A—overview of colony on the surface of agarized medium: thallus prostrate and in growing inside the medium; B, K—filaments in firm hyaline sheath; C—trichome without sheath; D—fragment of trichome with necridia; note elongated, discoid and obliquely dividing cells; E, G—loosely arranged filaments with geminate false branching; F—consecutive single and geminate false branching; H, I—fragments of filaments with trichomes twisted in the sheath; J—formation of hormogonia, cells with granulations. Scale bars: A—50 μm, B–K—10 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach

FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogeny of Timaviella based on the 16S rRNA gene concatenated with the 16S-23S ITS sequence comparisons. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by the Maximum Likelihood method with Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support (BP) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (PP). From left to right, support values correspond to Maximum Likelihood BP and Bayesian PP; BP values lower than 50% and PP lower than 0.8 not shown. Strain in bold represents newly sequenced cyanobacteria. Authentic strains marked with asterisk.

FIGURE 3 in Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach

FIGURE 3. Secondary structure of the main informative helices of region 16S-23S ITS of cultured strains of Timaviella. All differences between strains of T. edaphica (KZ-7-1) and T. dunensis (Us-6-3) are presented in comparison with the authentic strain of T. circinata (GR4). Variable bases are shown with arrows, places of insertions/deletions of base pairs are marked with arrowheads, homological base pairs among different strains are indicated with gray lines. Intraspecific variation inside T. edaphica are shown with the asterisk.

FIGURE 1 in Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach

FIGURE 1. Molecular phylogeny of Oculatellaceae (Synechococcales) based on 16S rRNA sequence comparisons. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by the Maximum Likelihood method with Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support (BP) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (PP). From left to right, support values correspond to Maximum Likelihood BP and Bayesian PP; BP values lower than 50% and PP lower than 0.8 not shown. Strain in bold represents newly sequenced cyanobacteria. Authentic strains marked with asterisk.

FIGURE 6 in Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach

FIGURE 6. Ultrastructure of original strains of Timaviella with characteristic position of thylakoids arranged more or less parallel in a parietal position. T. edaphica (KZ 7-1-2): fragments of trichomes without sheath (A), in multilayered sheath (B), constricted at cross walls, with cyanophycin granules; cells barrel-shaped, isodiametric (A) to elongated (G), end cells (D), trichomes in longitudinal section (E). T. edaphica (KZ 23-2): end cells (C), trichomes in longitudinal section (F). Timaviella dunensis (Us-6-3): fragments of trichomes in thick sheath (H, I), weakly constricted at cross walls; cells cylindrical, elongated, end cells (J–L); formation of necridia (M). S, sheath, Cy, cyanophycin granules, T, thylakoids. Scale bars = 1µm.

FIGURE 4 in Timaviella dunensis sp. nov. from sand dunes of the Baltic Sea, Germany, and emendation of Timaviella edaphica (Elenkin) O.M. Vynogr. & Mikhailyuk (Synechococcales, Cyanobacteria) based on an integrative approach

FIGURE 4. Timaviella edaphica: A, B—overview of colonies on the surface of agarized medium (A—thallus with wooly surface (freshly isolated strain), B—thallus prostrate and in growing inside the medium); C—loosy aggregated filaments; F, H—filaments with single and geminate pseudobranches; D—bundle of filaments; E—trichomes slightly constricted and granulated at the cross walls; G—trichomes with obliquely dividing cells; I—trichomes with necridia; J—hormogonia. KZ-7-1-2: A–C, D–E, J, Golos-9-1: F, G, KZ-23-2: H, I. Scale bars: A, B—50 μm, C–J—10 μm.

FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 in A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses

FIGURE 6. Eligmodontia dunaris MNHN 1546 (holotype): dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of skull. Occlusal view of upper (F) and lower molars (I) of paratype LCM 3377. Similar views of E. puerulus LCM 1993 (D and G) and E. hirtipes LCM 1748 (E and H) are included for comparisons.

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree for 56 in A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree for 56 Eligmodontia sequences and two outgroups resulting from the maximum-likelihood analysis of 1140 bp of the cytochrome b gene. Model of sequence evolution was HKY+G+I. Numbers above branches show the percentage values from 500 bootstrap iterations, and Bayesian posterior probabilities (>50 values).

FIGURE 3 in A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses

FIGURE 3. Correspondence of G-band patterns between diploid chromosomes from Eligmodontia sp. 2N = 50 (left pair within each trio, large numbers below, male LCM 3374 from Playa Los Choros) and a representative haploid set from Eligmodontia hirtipes 2N = 50 (right, small numbers below, from male LCM 1283).

FIGURE 2 in A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses

FIGURE 2. Chromosomes of Eligmodontia sp. ordered according size, 2N = 50 (male LCM 3374 from Playa Los Choros). From bone marrow spreads stained with standard Giemsa.

FIGURE 1 in A small, new gerbil-mouse Eligmodontia (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dunes at the coasts and deserts of north-central Chile: molecular, chromosomic, and morphological analyses

FIGURE 1. Map of southern South America showing localities for previously (numbered) and presently studied Eligmodontia specimens (modified from Mares et al. 2008). Below species names are modal diploid chromosome numbers/FN. New northcentral Chile Eligmodontia sites are marked with an X. Map of the infertile Atacama Desert in dark gray (from Latorre 2002).