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Fig. 25 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia

Fig. 25. Detailed map of the Rio Juruá at Penedo (locality 7), illustrating major habitat types, secondary trap lines (bold numbered and lettered lines) and placement of terra firme standardized lines (see text for further details). Not drawn to scale. The várzea standard lines were placed at Igarapé Nova Empresa (locality 8), on the left bank approximately 1.5 to 2 km upriver.

Fig. 2 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia

Fig. 2. View of the Rio Juruá at Seringal Condor (locality 6) in the Upper Central Region, looking south towards the right bank. The photograph was taken in September 1991, during the dry season. An extensive sand bar covered with grass is exposed, behind which is a thick stand of Cecropia some 50 m in depth before the edge of várzea forest is encountered. The beach grass is a seasonally ephemeral community, but is the primary habitat of Oligoryzomys microtis. The Rio Juruá is approximately 30 m wide at this point. Photograph by J. L. Patton.

Fig. 19 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia

Fig. 19. Details of the placement of the standardized sample lines in the várzea forest on the left bank opposite Porongaba (locality 2) and in the terra firme forest at Igarapé Porongaba, right bank (locality 1). Distances (in meters) from the edge of the river are noted.

Fig. 8 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia

Fig. 8. View of a fallow garden at Penedo (locality 7) in the Upper Central Region of the Rio Jurua´ Didelphis marsupialis, Oryzomys perenensis, and Proechimys cuvieri were especially common in this habitat. Photograph by J. L. Patton in late August 1991.

Fig. 20 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia

Fig. 20. Detailed map of the Rio Juruá at Sobral (locality 4), indicating the position of camp relative to major habitat types, secondary trap lines (bold letters) and placement of terra firme and várzea standardized lines (see text for further details). Nova Vida (locality 3) was directly across the river. Not drawn to scale.

publicJul 2021View details →

dryad40/100

Molecular signatures of resource competition: Clonal interference favors ecological diversification and can lead to incipient speciation

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Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos

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publicDec 2021View details →

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

New species boundaries and the diversification history of marsh rat taxa clarify historical connections among ecologically and geographically distinct wetlands of South America

Taxa with broad geographic ranges that occur in different biomes and exhibit plastic morphological traits and/or adaptations to particular habitats make inferences about species boundaries especially challenging. However, technological and conceptual advances in the generation and analysis of genomic data have advanced the description of biodiversity. Here we address the outstanding questions about the delimitation of species in the genus Holochilus, a rodent with morphological specializations to wetland habitats, distributed through almost all the South America continent using genome‐wide SNP and morphometric data. Specifically, we apply a Bayesian model‐based species delimitation that revealed significant re-arrangements of species boundaries based on consideration of both morphometric and genomic data alone, or in combination. With these shifts in species boundaries, our results provide an insightful framework for inferring the group's biogeographic history and considering possible connections between disjoint biomes in South America. Because of the ecological constraints of the marsh rats, and with the proposed taxonomic re-arrangements, the significance of our findings extends beyond systematics and suggests how diversification might be associated with past ecological/environmental changes during the Pleistocene. Overall, this study highlights how genomic data can provide phylogenetic information for resolving relationships among species of Holochilus, but also the importance of integrative approaches to identify evolutionary independent species. For the relatively understudied vast wetlands of South America, a robust species delimitation framework therefore becomes a critical source of data relevant to hypotheses about the history of the biomes themselves.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Ecological and geographic dimensions of diversification in Piper subgenus Ottonia: a lineage of neotropical rainforest shrubs

The Neotropics are home to incomparable plant diversity. To evaluate the potential roles of geography and ecology on speciation in Neotropical plants we selected a small, tractable lineage of shrubby angiosperms, Piper subgenus Ottonia. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny and provided insights into the species divergence times based on fossil calibration of the molecular clock. We support the monophyly of Piper subg. Ottonia and the two main lineages: Amazonian and Atlantic Forest, the latter containing the non-Atlantic species pair P. darienense‐P. piscatorum. We also propose the origin of Piper subg. Ottonia in the early Eocene and suggest that the diversification of Piper subg. Ottonia was influenced by geo-historical events such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the uplift of the Andes in the Miocene, as is the case for other angiosperms. Furthermore, we combined our phylogeny with geographic and environmental data in order to evaluate geographical and ecological contexts for speciation. We indicate that neither climatic/edaphic divergence nor geographic isolation appears to be needed to explain speciation in this lineage.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Shell colour diversification induced by ecological release: a shift in natural selection after a migration event

Ecological release is often attributed to the rapid adaptive diversification of phenotypic traits. However, it is not well understood how natural selection changes its strength and direction through the process of ecological release. Herein, we demonstrated how shell colour of the Japanese land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae has diversified via a shift in natural selection due to ecological release after migration from the mainland to an island. This snail's shell colour diversified on the island due to disruptive selection after migration from the mainland. We used trail-camera traps to identify the cause of natural selection on both the mainland and island. We then conducted a mark-recapture experiment while collecting microhabitat use data. In total, we captured and marked around 1700 snails on the mainland, some of which were preyed upon by an unknown predator. The trail-camera traps showed that the predator is the large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus, and the predatory frequency was higher on the mainland than on the island. However, this predation did not correlate with shell colour. Microhabitat use on the island was more extensive than on the mainland, with snails on the island using both ground and arboreal microhabitats. A Bayesian estimation showed that the stabilising selection on shell colour came from factors other than predation. Our results suggest that the course of natural selection was modified due to ecological release after migration from the mainland, explaining one cause of the phenotypic diversification.

zenodo36/100

Biogeography and ecological diversification of a mayfly clade in New Guinea

This dataset comprises: - raw data about specimens ID - concatenated alignment with two mitochondrial genes (COI, 16s) - resulting chronogram after BEAST analysis

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Ecological diversification preceded geographical expansion during the evolutionary radiation of Cataglyphis desert ants

Biological diversity often arises as organisms adapt to new ecological conditions (i.e. ecological opportunities) or colonise suitable areas (i.e. spatial opportunities). Cases of geographical expansion followed by local ecological divergence are well described; they result in clades comprising ecologically heterogeneous subclades. In contrast, nothing is known about evolutionary radiation events in which ecological opportunities preceded spatial spread. Here, we show that the desert ant genus Cataglyphis likely originated in open grassland habitats in the Middle East ~18 million years ago and became a taxon of diverse species specialising in prey of different masses. Around 9 million years ago, southern Europe and northern Africa experienced aridification and were colonised by Cataglyphis, which was preadapted to the harsh environmental conditions. The result was the rapid accumulation of species, and the appearance of local assemblages containing species from different lineages that still displayed ancestral foraging specialties. These findings highlight that, in Cataglyphis, ecological diversification happened before the genus geographically spread into newly arisen suitable habitats, resulting in a clade composed of ecologically homogeneous subclades.

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Fig. 111 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia

Fig. 111. Comparisons of the mesopterygoid fossa of specimens of R. leucodactylus (left JLP

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

On the de novo emergence of ecological interactions during evolutionary diversification: A conceptual framework and experimental test

Ecological interactions are crucial to the structure and function of biological communities, but we lack a causal understanding of the forces shaping their emergence during evolutionary diversification. Here we provide a conceptual framework linking different modes of diversification (e.g. ecological diversification), which depend on environmental characteristics, to the evolution of particular interactions (e.g. resource partitioning) in asexual lineages. We tested the framework by examining the net interactions in communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced via experimental evolution in nutritionally simple (SIM) or complex (COM) environments by contrasting the productivity and competitive fitness of whole evolved communities relative to their component isolates. As expected, we found that nutritional complexity drove the evolution of communities with net positive interactions whereas SIM communities had similar performance as their component isolates. A follow-up experiment revealed that high fitness in two COM communities was driven by rare variants (frequency <0.1%) that antagonized PA14, the ancestral strain and common competitor used in fitness assays. Our study suggests that the evolution of de novo ecological interactions in asexual lineages is predictable at a broad scale from environmental conditions. Further, our work demonstrates that rare variants can disproportionately impact the function of relatively simple microbial communities.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Genomic insights into diversification and ecological speciation of three Saccharina species

Aim: Saccharina is a genus within the brown algae that is of ecological and economic importance and shows rapid adaptive radiation, while the process and genetic mechanism of diversification and speciation remains unclear. In this study, we conducted genome resequencing of three typical Saccharina species, including the four varieties of S. japonica, and its two sister species (S. angustata and S. longissima) to investigate the genetic mechanism of ecological speciation. Location: coast of Japan Methods: We assess the genomic differentiation and genetic diversity of these Saccharina kelps based on whole-genome resequencing. We applied composite-likelihood approach to identify the ancestral species and reconstruct the evolutionary history. Selective sweep analysis was conducted to detect selective signatures when they adapted to diverse habitat. Results: The demography suggested that S. angustata, S. longissima and S. japonica var. japonica underwent adaptive speciation early, with S. japonica var. japonica as the oldest variant that diverged into three other varieties. The newly evolved variety SR has the highest genetic diversity, and the variety SD has the lowest genetic diversity. Interspecific hybridization among these congeneric species was low, indicating these species exist in genetic isolation in nature. We detected that some stress response genes (e.g. ubiquitin-like protein) and growth-related genes (e.g. imm upregulated 3) were under positive selection during the ecological speciation. Low linkage disequilibrium decay rate and extensive signals of selective sweeps are present in these Saccharina species, providing strong support for adaptive differentiation under natural selection as the driving force for its ecological speciation. Main conclusions: The main driving force of speciation in this genus appears to be not natural hybridization, but genetic isolation and adaptive differentiation by nature selection. The evolutionary history and ecological speciation of Saccharina species allow us to predict how common the species responds to environmental change, and whether they require different management strategies.

publicJan 2021View details →

New species boundaries and the diversification history of marsh rat taxa clarify historical connections among ecologically and geographically distinct wetlands of South America

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publicFeb 2017View details →

Data from: Ecological and geographic dimensions of diversification in Piper subgenus Ottonia: a lineage of neotropical rainforest shrubs

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publicJul 2023View details →

On the de novo emergence of ecological interactions during evolutionary diversification: A conceptual framework and experimental test

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publicSep 2023View details →

Genomic insights into diversification and ecological speciation of three Saccharina species

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