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357 results for “Functional performance”
Data from: How do functional traits syndromes covary with growth and reproductive performance in a water-stressed population of Fagus sylvatica?
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Data from: Adaptive evolution in locomotor performance: how selective pressures and functional relationships produce diversity
Despite the complexity of nature, most comparative studies of phenotypic evolution consider selective pressures in isolation. When competing pressures operate on the same system, it is commonly expected that trade-offs will occur that will limit the evolution of phenotypic diversity, however, it is possible that interactions amongst selective pressures may promote diversity instead. We explored the evolution of locomotor performance in lizards in relation to possible selective pressures using the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Here, we show that a combination of selection based on foraging mode and predator escape is required to explain variation in performance phenotypes. Surprisingly, habitat use contributed little explanatory power. We find that it is possible to evolve very different abilities in performance which were previously thought to be tightly correlated, supporting a growing literature that explores the many-to-one mapping of morphological design. While we generally find the expected trade-off between maximal exertion and speed, this relationship surprisingly disappears when species experience selection for both performance types. We conclude that functional integration need not limit adaptive potential, and that an integrative approach considering multiple major influences on a phenotype allows a more complete understanding of adaptation and the evolution of diversity.
Data from: Interactions between functionally diverse fungal mutualists inconsistently affect plant performance and competition
Plants form mutualistic relationship with a variety of belowground fungal species. Such a mutualistic relationship can enhance plant growth and resistance to pathogens. Yet, we know little about how interactions between functionally diverse groups of fungal mutualists affect plant performance and competition. We experimentally determined the effects of interaction between two functional groups of belowground fungi that form mutualistic relationship with plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Trichoderma, on interspecific competition between pairs of closely related plant species from four different genera. We hypothesized that the combination of two functionally diverse belowground fungal species would allow plants and fungi to partition their symbiotic relationships and relax plant‐plant competition. Our results show that: 1) the AM fungal species consistently outcompeted the Trichoderma species independent of plant combinations; 2) the fungal species generally had limited effects on competitive interactions between plants; 3) however, the combination of fungal species relaxed interspecific competition in one of the four instances of plant–plant competition, despite the general competitive superiority of AM fungi over Trichoderma. We highlight that the competitive outcome between functionally diverse fungal species may show high consistency across a broad range of host plants and their combinations. However, despite this consistent competitive hierarchy, the consequences of their interaction for plant performance and competition can strongly vary among plant communities.
Data from: Many-to-many mapping of phenotype to performance: an extension of the F-matrix for studying functional complexity
Performance capacity influences ecology, behavior and fitness, and is determined by the underlying phenotype. The phenotype-performance relationship can influence the evolutionary trajectory of an organism. Several types of phenotype-performance relationships have been described, including one-to-one relationships between a single phenotypic trait and performance measure, trade-offs and facilitations between a phenotypic trait and multiple performance measures, and redundancies between multiple phenotypic traits and a single performance measure. The F-matrix is an intraspecific matrix of measures of statistical association between phenotype and performance that is used to quantify these relationships. We extend the F-matrix in two ways. First, we use the F-matrix to describe how the different phenotype-performance relationships occur simultaneously and interact in functional systems, a phenomenon we call many-to-many mapping. Second, we develop methods to compare F-matrices among species and compare phenotype-performance relationships at microevolutionary and macroevolutionary levels. We demonstrate the expanded F-matrix approach with a dataset of eight phrynosomatine lizard species, including six phenotypic traits and two measures of locomotor performance. Our results suggest that all types of relationships occur in this system and that phenotypic traits involved in trade-offs are more functionally constrained and tend evolve slower interspecifically than those involved in facilitations or one-to-one relationships.
Data from: Dietary protein and carbohydrates affect immune function and performance in a specialist herbivore insect (Manduca sexta)
Nutrition structures ecology and evolution across all scales of biological organization. It is well known that nutrition can have direct effects on performance and fitness, but indirect effects on physiological systems that mediate biotic interactions have been studied less frequently. Here, we focus on the interaction between nutrition, performance, and the immune system in a specialist herbivorous insect, Manduca sexta. We used a conceptual framework in nutritional ecology (the geometric framework) to examine how changes in diet quality affect aspects of the immune system used for defense against parasitoids. We raised caterpillars throughout their entire larval development on five different experimental diets that varied in protein and carbohydrate content and measured five aspects of the immune system: encapsulation, phenoloxidase activity, prophenoloxidase activity, total hemolymph protein, and hemocyte density. Overall, different parts of the immune function varied in response to interactions between carbohydrates, protein, and intake, but protein reductions had the largest impacts—mostly detrimental. In addition, our data suggest that diet quality mediates the relationship between performance (growth and survival) and immune function, as well as trade-offs among different components of immune function. Our work is the first to examine the interplay between nutrition, performance, and immune function with the geometric framework in a specialist insect herbivore.
Data from: Bite of the cats: relationships between functional integration and mechanical performance as revealed by mandible geometry
Cat-like carnivorous mammals represent a relatively homogeneous group of species whose morphology appears constrained by exclusive adaptations for meat eating. We present the most comprehensive dataset of extant and extinct cat-like species to test for evolutionary transformations in size, shape and mechanical performance, i.e. von Mises stress and surface traction, of the mandible. Size and shape were both quantified by means of Geometric Morphometrics while mechanical performance was assessed applying Finite Element Models to two dimensional geometry of the mandible. Additionally, we present the first almost complete composite phylogeny of cat-like carnivorans for which well-preserved fossil mandibles are known, including representatives of 35 extant and 59 extinct species of Felidae, Nimravidae and Barbourofelidae. This phylogeny was used to test morphological differentiation, allometry, and covariation of mandible parts within and among clades. After taking phylogeny into account, we found that both allometry and mechanical variables exhibit a significant impact on mandible shape. We also tested if mechanical performance was linked to morphological integration. Mechanical stress at the coronoid process is higher in sabertoothed cats than in any other clade. This is strongly related to the high degree of covariation within modules of sabertooths mandibles. We found significant correlation between integration at the clade level and per-clade averaged stress values, on both original data and by partialling out interclade allometry from shapes when calculating integration. This suggests a strong interaction between natural selection and the evolution of developmental and functional modules at the clade level.
Motor skills and exercise capacity are associated with objective measures of cognitive functions and academic performance in preadolescent children
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate associations between motor skills, exercise capacity and cognitive functions, and evaluate how they correlate to academic performance in mathematics and reading comprehension using standardised, objective tests.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 423 Danish children (age: 9.29±0.35 years, 209 girls). Fine and gross motor skills were evaluated in a visuomotor accuracy-tracking task, and a whole-body coordination task, respectively. Exercise capacity was estimated from the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 children's test (YYIR1C). Selected tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were used to assess different domains of cognitive functions, including sustained attention, spatial working memory, episodic and semantic memory, and processing speed. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate associations between these measures and the relationship with standard tests of academic performance in mathematics and reading comprehension.</p>
TZO - Working memory performance in glioma patients is associated with functional connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and default mode network
<p>Data files hosted on Figshare for "Working memory performance in glioma patients is associated with functional connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and default mode network".</p> <p>Contains functional connectivity matrices, clinical variables, and working memory performance scores of 45 glioma patients.</p>
Supplementary data to: Trapped in the morphospace: the trade-off between morphological integration and functional performance can limit adaptation
<p>The evolution of complex morphological structures can be seen as the result of interplay between different anatomical units evolving in a coordinated fashion. These can be influenced by genetic, developmental and/or functional integration in response to selective pressures. Using the highly derived humeral morphology of talpid moles as model, here we test whether functional specialization (measured as performance) can be linked to increased levels of morphological integration and, if so, what is the extent of the relationship. Combining 2D geometric morphometrics, phylogenetic comparative methods and functional landscape modelling, we demonstrate that the high biomechanical performance of subterranean moles was coupled with a high degree of integration, whereas less specialized taxa displayed intermediate or low magnitudes of integration. Theoretical morphs occurring in high-performance areas of the functional landscape not covered by any species showed a marked drop in covariation levels, suggesting the existence of a genuine tradeoff between integration and performance in the evolution of talpid moles. We argue that the remarkable stability of the subterranean environment may have helped constraining humeral morphology over a restricted area of the functional landscape, trapping subterranean moles in a narrow region of the landscape, impeding any attempt to reposition on a new ascending slope.</p>
Validation of the Performance of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) Function in the Masimo INVSENSOR00057
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06071754. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effects of Visual Input on Cognitive Function, Physical Performance, and Postural Stability in Adolescent Male Basketball Players
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07168681. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Whole-body Vibration Training on Functional Performance of the Elderly With Knee Osteoarthritis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03918291. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Study to Assess Functionality, Reliability, and Performance of a Single-Use Auto-Injector With Benralizumab Administered at Home
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02918071. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
The Effect of Different Attention-Focused Training on Physical Performance and Cognitive Function in Geriatric Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06700928. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Relationship Between Functional Health Status and Ventricular Performance After Fontan--Pediatric Heart Network
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00132782. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 7.
Short-Term Rhodiola Rosea for Anaerobic Performance and Cognitive Function in Resistance-Trained Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07225413. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Mindfulness Training, Mental Fatigue, Endurance Performance and Neurocognitive Functions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05452460. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Functional Performance of Voluntary Opening and Closing Body Powered Prostheses
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02136238. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Functional Performance of the Journey Deuce Bicompartmental Versus the Genesis II Total Knee System
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01140815. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Cardiac Function and Inspiratory Muscles Performance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02763982. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.