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FIGURE 5 in A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)
FIGURE 5. Plots showing results of Principal Component Analysis of allometrically adjusted and log-transformed body measurements separately for each sex of Assa.
FIGURE 1 in A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)
FIGURE 1. Records of Assa derived from the Atlas of Living Australia database records (small green dots), showing the distribution in five major geographic regions (labeled). Sampling locations for genetic study (coloured symbols), and locations of recorded mating calls (yellow triangles), see Supplementary Table S2 for sample sizes for mating calls.
FIGURE 4 in A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)
FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic analysis of Assa SNP data. A) SVDQuartets tree. All nodes had 100% bootstrap proportions, B) IQTree maximum likelihood tree based on concatenated SNP data.
FIGURE 8 in A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)
FIGURE 8. Distribution records from the Atlas of Living Australia for Assa in the vicinity of the Tweed Caldera. Locations sampled for the molecular genetic analyses of A. darlingtoni are marked with the same symbols, large black squares and grey circles, as were used in Fig. 1. Locations that we infer to be A. darlingtoni are denoted by small rounded green symbols. Locations sampled for molecular genetic analyses of A. wollumbin sp. nov. on the central volcanic plug are denoted with large blue triangles, and other database locations that we infer are this species are denoted with smaller blue circles. Locations in the Tweed Caldera where species identity is uncertain are denoted by red stars.
FIGURE 7 in A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)
FIGURE 7. Assa courtship call of A) Assa wollumbin sp. nov. (Wollumbin, NSW), and B) Assa darlingtoni (Border Ranges National Park, NSW)
Rest-activity daily rhythm and physical activity levels after hip and knee joint replacement: the role of actigraphy in orthopedic clinical practice.
<p>Elective hip and knee joint replacement for osteoarthritis are cost-effective surgical procedures requiring specific rehabilitation programs. Actigraphy is widely used in both research and clinical practice to study activity patterns with great accuracy and validity but it has never been utilized in orthopedic patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to objectively assess, through actigraphy, physical activity (PA) levels and rest-activity daily rhythm (RAR) in patients undergoing hip or knee joint replacement and hospitalized for ten days after surgery. Twenty subjects (11 males and 9 females; age: 62.68 ± 10.39 years old; BMI: 29.03 ± 3.92 kg/m2) wore the Actiwatch 2 actigraph (Philips Respironics, Portland, OR) to record both PA levels and RAR for 11 consecutive days and data on subjective scores of pain, by a visual analog scale (VAS), and functional and clinical scores were collected. The following time-points were considered for the statistical analysis: pre-surgery (PRE), the first (POST1), the fourth (POST4) and the tenth (POST10) day after surgery. RAR were processed with the population mean cosinor to describe the rhythm's characteristics (acrophase, amplitude and MESOR) while data on actigraphy-based PA, VAS, and functional clinical scores were compared among PRE, POST1, POST4 and POST 10 with the RM-ANOVA or the non-parametric Friedman test. The day after surgery the subjects had a flattened RAR compared to the other conditions: lower values were detected in POST1 compared to both PRE, POST4 and POST10 for MESOR (<em>p</em> < .0001; η2p = .71, large) and amplitude (<em>p</em> < .0001; η2p = .63, large) while RAR's acrophase (<em>p</em> < .0001; η2p = .61, large) was delayed in PRE (16:45) compared to POST1 (12:42), POST4 (14:38), and POST10 (14:38). PA levels were significantly lower at POST 1 (76.7 ± 33.4) compared to PRE (192.3 ± 91.5; <em>p</em> < .0001 and ES: 1.68, large), POST4 (137.9 ± 45.9; <em>p</em> < .0001 and ES: 1.54, large), and POST10 (131.2 ± 54.3; <em>p</em> < .0001 and ES: 1.21, large) whereas VAS and functional clinical values significantly improved at POST10. Hip and knee joint replacement negatively influenced RAR and PA the first day after surgery but a progressive improvement in the circadian pattern of rest-activity cycle, PA levels, VAS and functional ability was recorded from POST4 to POST10. Actigraphy has the ability to collect real-life data without interfering with clinical practice and give clinicians a new measure of performance that is currently not available. This tool could allow to identify patients with disrupted circadian rhythm and reduced PA in the peri-operative period in orthopedic surgery, and timely intervene on these subjects with personalized rehabilitative intervention.</p>
On following pages: 27. Cambodian Striped Squirrel (Tamiops rodolphii); 28. Perny's Long-nosed Squirrel (remomys pyrrhomerus); 31. Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel (Dremomys rufigenis); 32. Red-throated Squirrel (Dremomys gularis Philippine Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus philippinensis); 36. Samar Squirrel (Sundasciurus samarensis); 37. Culion Tree Palawan Montane Squirrel (Sundasciurus rabori); 40. Southern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus steerii); 41. Horse-tailed pernyi); 29. Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah); 30. Red-hipped Squirrel (Dremomys); 33. Black-eared Squirrel (Nannosciurus melanotis); 34. Busuanga Squirrel (Sundasciurus hoogstraali); 35. Squirrel (Sundasciurus moellendorffi); 38. Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus juvencus); 39. Squirrel (Sundasciurus hippurus). in Sciuridae
On following pages: 27. Cambodian Striped Squirrel (Tamiops rodolphii); 28. Perny's Long-nosed Squirrel (remomys pyrrhomerus); 31. Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel (Dremomys rufigenis); 32. Red-throated Squirrel (Dremomys gularis Philippine Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus philippinensis); 36. Samar Squirrel (Sundasciurus samarensis); 37. Culion Tree Palawan Montane Squirrel (Sundasciurus rabori); 40. Southern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus steerii); 41. Horse-tailed pernyi); 29. Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah); 30. Red-hipped Squirrel (Dremomys); 33. Black-eared Squirrel (Nannosciurus melanotis); 34. Busuanga Squirrel (Sundasciurus hoogstraali); 35. Squirrel (Sundasciurus moellendorffi); 38. Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel (Sundasciurus juvencus); 39. Squirrel (Sundasciurus hippurus).
FIGURES 42–43 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 42–43. Scatterplots of the first two relative warps (relative warps). 42, epipharynx, the deformation grids of 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, and 14 operational taxonomic units are shown. 43, hindwing, the deformation grids of 4, 6, 7, 14, and 15 operational taxonomic units are shown. In both plots the taxa are numbered the same: Anoplodrepanus (1), Afrodrepanus (2), Clypeodrepanus (3), Cyptochirus (4), Drepanocerus (5), Eodrepanus (6), Epidrepanus caelatus (7), E. pulvinarius (8), E. schimperi (9), E. nyika (10), E. kenyensis (11), Ixodina (12), Latodrepanus (13), Paraixodina (14), Sinodrepanus (15), and Tibiodrepanus (16). The Epidrepanus species are marked in orange on the plot.
FIGURES 29–33 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 29–33. Hindwing (scale bar = 1.0 mm). 29, Epidrepanus caelatus. 30, E. nyika. 31, E. kenyensis. 32, E. pulvinarius. 33, E. schimperi.
FIGURES 36–41. Epidrepanus kenyensis. 36 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 36–41. Epidrepanus kenyensis. 36, habitus of the holotype, Nyeri County Aberdare National Park, Ark Gate, Afromontane moist transitional forest (scale bar = 2.0 mm). 37–39, aedeagus, with the side and ventral views of the parameres (scale bars = 0.2 mm). 40, vagina and receptaculum seminis (scale bar = 0.2 mm). 41, lamellae of endophallus, with the detail of the lamella copulatrix (scale bar = 0.2 mm).
FIGURE 44 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURE 44. Phylogenetic tree of the drepanocerine taxa, with the Epidrepanus species marked in orange. The branch support values were showed on the tree: the Bremer supports / relative Bremer supports, and the symmetric resampling / GC values. Tree statistics: tree length = 113.182, consistency index = 0.549, retention index = 0.583, total fit = 241.06, adjusted homoplasy = 11.94.
FIGURE 45 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURE 45. Dispersal-vicariance analysis of the Epidrepanus species, showing the ancestral areas at each node. In the figure, A = western Africa; B = central-western Africa; C = eastern Africa; D = central-eastern Africa; E = southwestern Africa; F = southeastern Africa; G = southern Africa; H = India, Indochina, southern China, Sunda shelf, Philippines, and Hindu Kush. See Roggero et al. (2015) for further details.
FIGURES 26–28. Epidrepanus nyika. 26 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 26–28. Epidrepanus nyika. 26, habitus of the holotype, Malawi Rumphi District, Nyika National Park, Juniper Forest, scale bar = 2.0 mm. 27, aedeagus (scale bar = 0.5 mm), with the side view of the parameres (scale bar = 0.2 mm). 28, lamellae of endophallus, with the detail of the lamella copulatrix (scale bar = 0.2 mm).
FIGURE 25 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURE 25. Map of the distribution of Epidrepanus caelatus (green dots), E. nyika new species (purple rhomb), E. kenyensis new species (blue rhomb), E. pulvinarius (orange triangles) and E. schimperi (red star).
FIGURE 19 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURE 19. The endophallus lamellae, in which the raspula, the lamella copulatrix (LC), and the accessories lamellae are identified. The lamella copulatrix is comprised of the superior left (SL), superior right (SR), inferior right (IR), and inferior left (IL) lobes. The acronyms of the different parts of the accessory lamellae correspond to FLP = fronto-lateral peripheral sclerite, SRP = superior right peripheral sclerite, MP = medial peripheral sclerite, A = axial sclerite, SA = subaxial sclerite, and BSc = basal semicircular sclerite.
FIGURES 20–24 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 20–24. The configuration points used in the geometric morphometrics analysis. 20, head (17 landmarks). 21, right elytron (24 landmarks). 22, pronotum (20 landmarks). 23, hindwing (20 landmarks) 24, epipharynx (33 landmarks). Except for the hindwing, the semilandmarks method was applied here.
FIGURES 13–18 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 13–18. Female genitalia, vagina (left) and receptaculum seminis (right). 13–14, Epidrepanus caelatus. 15–16, E. pulvinarius. 17–18, E. schimperi. Scalebar = 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 1–4 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 1–4. The locality of the new species. 1–2, Epidrepanus kenyensis new species in Aberdare National Park, Nyeri County, Kenya. 3–4, Epidrepanus nyika new species in Nyika Plateau, Malawi.
FIGURES 5–12 in hips of Epidrepanus within the subtribe Drepanocerina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Oniticellini), with the description of two new species
FIGURES 5–12. Male genitalia, aedeagus, with the detail of parameres (side and front), and endophallus lamellae. 5–8, Epidrepanus caelatus. 9–12, E. pulvinarius. The male of E. schimperi is unknown. Aedeagus scale bar = 0.5 mm, parameres and endophallus scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Exploring the Interaction Between Proprioceptive Sensitivity in the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Joints, Alongside Stability Limits Evaluated Through Computerized Posturography, in Elderly Individuals Afflicted with Fibromyalgia Syndrome.
<p><strong><span>Objectives: </span></strong><span>This study investigates proprioceptive sensitivity and stability limits in patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) compared to healthy controls, focusing on joint reposition sense (JRS) and limits of stability (LOS). By delineating differences between the groups, it aims to uncover the proprioceptive deficits that contribute to balance impairments in FM sufferers. Additionally, the study explores correlations between JRS and LOS within the FM group, potentially informing targeted therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>Fifty-four individuals with FM and 54 healthy controls participated in this research. Using precise digital inclinometers, JRS was evaluated at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. LOS was assessed using dynamic posturography with advanced iso-free technology. Various parameters were measured, including reaction time, maximum excursion, and directional control. </span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Individuals with FM exhibited significant differences in JRS and LOS compared to healthy controls. For JRS errors in the hip, knee, and ankle joints (mean ± SD), the FM group showed 3.2° ± 0.6°, 2.9° ± 0.5°, and 3.5° ± 0.7°, respectively, while the control group exhibited 1.1° ± 0.4°, 1.0° ± 0.3°, and 1.2° ± 0.4°, respectively. In LOS, FM individuals had a reaction time of 1.8 ± 0.3 seconds, maximum excursion of 54.6% ± 6.2%, and directional control of 65.2% ± 5.8%, while healthy controls showed 0.9 ± 0.2 seconds, 72.4% ± 7.1%, and 77.8% ± 6.9%, respectively. </span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions:</span></strong><span> Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between JRS parameters and LOS outcomes within the FMS group, indicating that better proprioception was linked to improved postural stability. These findings have clinical implications for assessing and managing balance impairments in individuals with FMS, potentially contributing to the development of targeted interventions to improve their quality of life.</span></p>
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