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369 results for “Insecticides”
Conserved loci and tandem arrays of P450s facilitate evolution of insecticide resistance in noctuid moths
<p><span>Noctuid moths are major agricultural pests causing extensive crop damage worldwide. Their enhanced insecticide resistance is largely attributed to expansions and variations of cytochrome P450 genes, which play a pivotal role in adapting to environmental pressures. In this study, we analyzed genomic data from eight noctuid species and four representative Lepidopteran species to explore the evolutionary patterns and functional diversification of P450s. Our results reveal substantial expansions in the CYP3 and CYP4 subfamilies in noctuids, primarily driven by gene duplications forming extensive tandem arrays. Synteny analysis identified two conserved P450 loci across all examined Lepidopteran species; notably, noctuid species exhibit significant expansions at these loci—including a 20-gene cluster in <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>and an 18-gene cluster in <em>S. littoralis</em>. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that these expansions are lineage-specific to noctuids. Furthermore, molecular docking of P450s from these loci with nine pesticides suggests that these gene expansions may confer resistance to pyrethroids. Our findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying noctuid adaptation and resistance, with important implications for developing more sustainable pest management strategies.</span></p>
Dataset: Toxicity, transfer and metabolization of the pyrethroid insecticides cypermethrin and deltamethrin by reared black soldier fly larvae
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Laboratory bioassay of insecticides mixtures (neonicotinoids and ketoenols) against Bemisia tabaci Asia I
<p>Cotton leaves were dipped in serially diluted solutions of formulated insecticides for 10 s with slight agitation. The leaves with second instar nymphs that were dipped in double-distilled water containing 0.1 g L<sup>-1</sup> Triton X-100 only, served as control. Each bioassay including control used 3-4 replicates at a minimum of eight different concentrations and were maintained at the controlled growth condition. All the insecticides concentrations were selected to give a range of 0-100% mortality of <em>B. tabaci</em> nymphs. Two weeks later final mortality was assessed when the last nymphal instar had been reached on control plants. It was computed by comparing the number of second instar nymphs present at the time of treatment with the number remaining dead or unhatched on the day of mortality assessment. For bioassays with synergists (PBO and DEF), the cotton leaves containing the second instar nymphs of <em>B. tabaci</em> were dipped into synergist solutions (100 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) for 10 s at least 2 h before the imposition of insecticide treatments. Other procedures were same to those with insecticides only.</p>
Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
<p>Collaborative brood care by workers is essential for the functionality of eusocial honey bee, <em>Apis</em> <em>mellifera</em>, colonies. The hypopharyngeal food glands of workers play a crucial role in this context. Even though there is consensus that ubiquitous ectoparasitic mites <em>Varroa</em> <em>destructor</em> and widespread insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are major stressors for honey bee health, their impact alone and in combination on the feeding glands of workers is poorly understood. Here, we show that both <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, thereby potentially compromising collaborative brood care in colonies. In a fully-crossed laboratory experiment, the impact of mites and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin alone and in combination on workers were evaluated. While the neonicotinoids did not impact survival and emergence body mass, the data confirm that <em>V. destructor</em> reduces both. Even though the interactions between both stressors were antagonistic and neutral, the clear detrimental effects of both stressors alone and in combination on worker longevity and food glands are remarkable. Besides reduced worker longevity, impaired brood care provided by workers exposed to <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids could be detrimental for honey bee colony functionality. Our findings highlight a mechanism to explain honey bee colonies losses globally.</p>
Impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides on bumble bee energy metabolism are revealed under nectar starvation
<p>Bumble bees are an important group of insects that provide essential pollination services as a byproduct of their foraging behaviors. These pollination services are driven, in part, by energetic exchanges between flowering plants and individual bees. Thus, it is important to examine bumble bee energy metabolism and explore how it might be influenced by external stressors, which contribute to declines in global pollinator populations. Two stressors that are commonly encountered by bees include insecticides and nutritional stress. Our study examines the effects of neonicotinoid insecticide exposure alone, and in combination with nutritional stress, on bumble bee metabolism using a novel metabolomic approach. We hypothesized that exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid would disrupt bumble bee energy metabolism, leading to changes in key metabolites involved in energy metabolism. We exposed Bombus impatiens workers to imidacloprid according to one of three exposure paradigms designed to explore how sustained versus more limited imidacloprid exposure influences energy metabolites. After bees were exposed to imidacloprid, they were subjected to artificial nectar starvation. Our results showed that the strongest effects of imidacloprid were observed when treated bees also experienced artificial nectar starvation, suggesting a combinatorial effect of neonicotinoids and nutritional stress on energy metabolism. Overall, this study provides important insights into the mechanisms underlying the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides on bumble bees and underscores the need for further investigation into the complex interactions between environmental stressors and bee metabolism.</p>
A new optical practice as an effective alternative to insecticides for controlling highly resistant thrips
<p>The documents are raw data for an article entitled "<strong>A new optical practice as an effective alternative to insecticides for controlling highly resistant thrips</strong>", including the original data of Bioassy, Megalurothrips usitatus occurrence rate, RT-qPCR, standard curves, Thrips palmi occurrence rate, and yield and fruit shape of Cowpea and Hami melon.</p>
Landscape simplification increases vineyard pest outbreaks and insecticide use
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Control failures following insecticide applications in commercial agriculture: How often do they occur? A case study of Lygus hesperus control in cotton
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Data from: Efficacy of Aedes aegypti control by indoor Ultra Low Volume (ULV) insecticide spraying in Iquitos, Peru
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Changes in Culicoides sonorensis feeding behavior following sublethal insecticide exposure
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Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystem: An experimental approach
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Insecticide exposure alters flight-dependent gene-expression in honey bees, Apis mellifera
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The weakest link: Haploid honey bees are more susceptible to neonicotinoid insecticides
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Impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides on bumble bee energy metabolism are revealed under nectar starvation
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Insecticidal activity of Lantana camara extract oil on controlling maize grain weevils
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Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
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Pollinators, pests and yield – multiple trade-offs from insecticide use in a mass-flowering crop
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Conidia productivity and whitefly insecticidal activity of Beauveria bassiana JEF-507
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Data from: Barrier bednets target malaria vectors and expand the range of usable insecticides
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Gregarines modulate insect responses to sublethal insecticide residues
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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