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Fig. 10 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 10. Serpulid and sabellid polychaetes from the Jurassic of Poland. A. Mucroserpula tricarinata (Sowerby, 1829) (white arrow) and sabellid Glomerula gordialis (black arrow) encrusting a fragment of a shell from the Callovian of Zalas (GIUS 8-3589/14). B. Mucroserpula? sp. encrusting a fragment of a shell from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny (GIUS 8-3730/26); top (B1) and cross-section view (B2). Notice the characteristic pentagonal cross-section (B2) due to the presence of three keels. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 13 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 13. Serpulid polychaetes from the Jurassic of Poland. A. Unattached Serpulidae sp. 2 from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny (GIUS 8-3730/27). B. Dense aggregation of closely spaced Serpulidae sp. 3 encrusting a fragment of a belemnite rostrum from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny GIUS 8-3730/28). C. Serpulidae sp. 4 from the lower Kimmeridgian of Małogoszcz (GIUS 8-3747/3).

Fig. 6 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 6. Serpulid polychaetes from the Jurassic of Poland. A. Cementula cf. circinnalis (Münster in Goldfuss, 1831) encrusting an oncoid from the upper Bajocian–lower Bathonian of Ogrodzieniec-Świertowiec (GIUS 8-3750/4). B. "Serpula cingulata Münster in Goldfuss, 1831" encrusting a sponge fragment from the the Oxfordian of Zalas (GIUS 8-3746/7). C. Propomatoceros lumbricalis (Schlotheim, 1820) (arrowhead) and Cementula cf. circinnalis arrow) encrusting an oncoid from the upper Bajocian–lower Bathonian of Ogrodzieniec-Świertowiec (GIUS 8-3750/5). D–F. Propomatoceros lumbricalis, specimen encrusting: a piece of a belemnite rostrum from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny (D, GIUS 8-3730/11); an oyster shell from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny (E, GIUS 8-3730/12); a shell fragment from the Callovian of Zalas (F, GIUS 8-3589/11).

Fig. 12 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 12. Serpulidae sp. 1 from the Jurassic of Poland. A. Serpulidae sp. 1 and a tiny Glomerula gordialis (Schlotheim, 1820) (arrowed) encrusting a shell fragment from the upper Bathonian–lower Callovian of Bolęcin (GIUS 8-3745/4); top (A1) and lateral (A2) view; A2 shows a flattened shape of the tube. B. Serpulidae sp. 1 and a tiny, presumably juvenile Filogranula runcinata (Sowerby, 1829) (above, arrowed) encrusting a shell fragment from the Callovian of Zalas (GIUS 8-3589/16). Scale bars 1 mm.

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Fig. 2 in Redescription of the type specimens for the Late Jurassic rhynchocephalian Opisthias rarus and a new specimen of Theretairus antiquus from Quarry 9, Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA

Fig. 2. Teeth of rhynchocephalians Opisthias sp. (A–D) and Theretairus antiquus Simpson, 1926 (E) from Quarry 9, Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA, Upper Jurassic. A. USNM 6126, right dentary fragment with a relatively complete coronoid process in labial view. B. USNM 26080, fragment of palatine in?lingual view with four teeth attached. C. USNM 508532, rock matrix with fragments of right maxilla in lingual view (C1), close-up detail (C2), maxillary teeth (C3). D. USNM 7767 and USNM 26086, fragments of a right dentary, in lingual (D1), labial (D2), and occlusal (D3) views, close-up detail of the four distalmost additional teeth (D3), close-up detail of the four distalmost additional teeth in labial (D4) and lingual (D5) views. E. USNM 26088, anterior fragment of a left dentary, in labial (E1), lingual (E2), and occlusal (E3) views.

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Fig. 1 in Redescription of the type specimens for the Late Jurassic rhynchocephalian Opisthias rarus and a new specimen of Theretairus antiquus from Quarry 9, Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA

Fig. 1. Teeth in the type specimens of the rhynchocephalian Opisthias rarus Gilmore, 1909, Quarry 9, Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA, Upper Jurassic. A. USNM 2860 (holotype), nearly complete left dentary, in labial (A1, A4), lingual (A2, A5), and occlusal (A3, A6) views. B. USNM 2858 (paratype), partial left dentary, in labial (B1, B4), lingual (B2, B5), and occlusal (B3, B6) views. C. Fragment of rock matrix belonging to the holotype. D. Holotype when it is superimposed to the rock matrix.

Fig. 6 in First record of a Late Jurassic rhamphorhynchine pterosaur from Gondwana

Fig. 6. Comparison of sections of the wing phalanx of rhamphorhynchinae pterosaurs. A. Nesodactylus hesperius Colbert, 1969 (modified from Colbert 1969). B. Rhamphorhynchus muensteri Goldfuss, 1831 (modified from Colbert 1969). C. Ramphorhynchinae gen. and sp. indet. MUHCAL.20165, Cerritos Bayos, west Calama, Chile; Cerro Campamento Formation, middle Oxfordian. C1 and C2, cross sections of two portions of the wing phalanx. A and B, not to scale.

Fig. 2 in First record of a Late Jurassic rhamphorhynchine pterosaur from Gondwana

Fig. 2. Rhamphorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet. (MUHNCAL.20165) from Cerritos Bayos, west Calama, Chile; Cerro Campamento Formation, middle Oxfordian. Vertebrae of indeterminate position (A1) and schematic representation (A2).

Fig. 5 in First record of a Late Jurassic rhamphorhynchine pterosaur from Gondwana

Fig. 5. Rhamphorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet. (MUHNCAL.20165) from Cerritos Bayos, west Calama, Chile; Cerro Campamento Formation, middle Oxfordian. Fragments of a wing phalanx in dorsal (A1) and posterior (A2) views.

Fig. 1. A in First record of a Late Jurassic rhamphorhynchine pterosaur from Gondwana

Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of the study area indicating the location of Cerro Campamento, the site where the discovery was made. B. General scheme of the stratigraphic section which includes the Cerro Campamento Formation, indicating horizons with vertebrate remains and the pterosaur materials here studied. Kim., Kimmeridgian. Modified from Biese (1961).

Fig. 3 in First record of a Late Jurassic rhamphorhynchine pterosaur from Gondwana

Fig. 3. Rhamphorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet. (MUHNCAL.20165) from Cerritos Bayos, west Calama, Chile; Cerro Campamento Formation, middle Oxfordian. Left humerus in dorsal (A1, A5), posterodorsal (A2, A6), posterior (A3, A7), and ventral (A4, A8) views, photographs (A1–A4) and explanatory drawings (A5–A8). Zone of Subvinialesphinctes prophetae and Euaspidoceras centrum. However, we cannot assure that this ratio is natusp., middle Oxfordian. ral since the vertebral centrum is not complete. Only one in- Descriptions.—Vertebra: Among the remains there is a sin- complete transverse process is preserved (preserved length gle incomplete vertebra (Fig. 2). This is visible in articular of ~4.5 mm). This arises from the top of the neural arch and view and it is very eroded; it is difficult to stablish whether has a dorsolateral orientation. Proximally, the height of the it is exposed in anterior, posterior, or in an approximately transverse process represents almost half of the centrum oblique view. The neural spine is tall (preserved height is height, narrowing distally. Due to its incompleteness, its 6.3 mm), as described for Rhamphorhynchinae (Witton extension cannot be established. The neural canal is broad, 2013: 129) especially in the cervical vertebrae, although rel- being wider than high and representing ca. three fifths of atively tall and rectancular neural spines are also seen in the the preserved centrum width. The poor preservation of the anterior dorsal vertebrae of Rhamphorhynchus (see Bonde material makes it difficult to assess the exact shape and and Christiansen 2003: fig. 5). The neural spine is laterally proportions of the neural canal, although it appears to have compressed and slightly higher than the preserved vertebral a dorsoventrally compressed oval shape. The centrum is

Fig. 7 in First record of a Late Jurassic rhamphorhynchine pterosaur from Gondwana

Fig. 7. Simplified map of the world during the Oxfordian. The dashed line represents the hypothetical route that would have allowed the dispersal of marine vertebrates and invertebrates between Tethys and South America during the Late Jurassic (Caribbean corridor). The finds of Oxfordian rhamphorhinchids: MUHNCAL.20165 (Rhamphorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet.), Cerro Campamento Formation, Chile (circle); Cacibupteryx caribensis (Gasparini et al. 2004) and Nesodactylus hesperius (Colbert et al. 1969), Jagua Formation, Cuba (square); Rhamphorhynchinae gen. et sp. indet. (Lydekker 1890, O'Sullivan 2018), Oxford Clay Formation, UK (star); Qinglongopterus guoi (Lü et al. 2012), Tiaojishan Formation, China (triangle). Modified map from Scotese (2014).

Fig. 3. Chondrostean fish Coccolepis bucklandi Agassiz, 1843 in Diversity of chondrostean fish Coccolepis from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Archipelago, Southern Germany

Fig. 3. Chondrostean fish Coccolepis bucklandi Agassiz, 1843 from the Tithonian, Upper Jurassic of the Solnhofen Lagerstätte, Bavaria, Germany. A. JMESOS3445, the skull and anterior part of the body are preserved in ventral view. The specimen is twisted at the pelvic fins and the posterior part of the body is preserved in left lateral view (TL = 120 mm). B. JME-SOS3382 (photographed under UV-light), the body is preserved in right lateral view; the skull is slightly twisted and preserved in dorsolateral view (TL = 100 mm). Arrows point to preanal scutes. A, B, Photographs courtesy of Andreas Hecker (JME).

Fig. 2 in Diversity of chondrostean fish Coccolepis from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Archipelago, Southern Germany

Fig. 2. Holotype of the chondrostean fish Coccolepis bucklandi Agassiz, 1843 from the Tithonian, Upper Jurassic of the Solnhofen Lagerstätte, Bavaria, Germany. A. MHNN-FOS 361 (TL ~ 75 mm), photograph taken under UV-light, courtesy of Thierry Malvesy (MHNN). Arrows point to fragmentary remains of the preanal scutes. B. Original illustration of Agassiz (1843: pl. 36: 6). Scan courtesy of Eric Hilton (Virginia Institut of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA).

Fig. 1. Geographic and stratigraphic setting. A in Diversity of chondrostean fish Coccolepis from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Archipelago, Southern Germany

Fig. 1. Geographic and stratigraphic setting. A. Palaeogeographic reconstruction showing the location of the main Upper Jurassic Plattenkalk Lagerstätten in central Europe. The Solnhofen Archipelago is represented with several stars, other Lagerstätten are indicated with dots and italicised names. Abbreviations: AM, Armorican Massif; Bm, Bohemian Massif; LBM, London-Brabant Massif; MC, Massif Central High; PB, Pompeckjsche Block. Redrawn from Viohl (2015: fig. 85). B. Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Solnhofen Archipelago. Orange areas represent sponge/microbial reefs and blue areas represent the basinal facies. Redrawn from Kölbl-Ebert and Cooper (2019: fig. 2). C. Biostratigraphy with ammonite stratigraphic succession of the Lithacoceras riedense and Subplanites rueppellianus subzones of the Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone (lower Tithonian, Upper Jurassic). Redrawn from Tischlinger and Schweigert (2020: fig. 8).

Fig. 15 in Evidence of external gametophores in puzzling Late Triassic-Early Jurassic dasycladalean green algae

Fig. 15. Interpretation of voids and pores in fertile specimens of dasycladalean alga Chinianella ellenbergeri (Lebouché and Lemoine in Granier and Deloffre, 1994) Granier, Masse, and Berthou, 1994, emend. nov.; colours as in Fig. 5. A. Axial view (general axial section). B. Tangential oblique section, based on specimen in Fig. 7D, LM-DiSTAR/BA.577.19, n. 095. C. Oblique section showing structures interpreted as reproductive organs, not all whorls display gametophores (see arrow); based on the specimen in Fig. 14, LM-DiSTAR/BA.577.b, n. 045. D. Tangential oblique section, based on specimen in Fig. 7E, LM-DiSTAR/BA.577.14, n. 040.

Fig. 14 in Evidence of external gametophores in puzzling Late Triassic-Early Jurassic dasycladalean green algae

Fig. 14. Dasycladalean alga Chinianella ellenbergeri (Lebouché and Lemoine in Granier and Deloffre, 1994) Granier, Masse, and Berthou, 1994, emend. nov., upper Sinemurian (Lotharingian), Canders, 2.4 km E of Fontcaude (S France). LM-DiSTAR/BA.577.b, n. 045 (lost specimen), oblique section showing the presence of reproductive structures (see arrows).

Fig. 12 in Evidence of external gametophores in puzzling Late Triassic-Early Jurassic dasycladalean green algae

Fig. 12. Late Triassic species of dasycladalean alga Distefanopolia gen. nov. A. Distefanopolia micropora (Di Stefano, 1981 ex Di Stefano and Senowbari-Daryan, 1985) nov. comb. B. Distefanopolia zanklii (Ott, 1968) nov. comb. C. Distefanopolia carpatica (Bistricky, 1967) nov. comb. D. Distefanopolia crosii (Ott, 1968) nov. comb. Calcified skeleton (black) and soft parts (grey and green).

Fig. 13 in Evidence of external gametophores in puzzling Late Triassic-Early Jurassic dasycladalean green algae

Fig. 13. Interpretation of voids and pores in the sterile specimens of dasycladalean alga Chinianella ellenbergeri (Lebouché and Lemoine in Granier and Deloffre, 1994) Granier, Masse, and Berthou, 1994, emend. nov.; the meaning of the colors are the same as in Fig. 5. A. Axial view (general axial section). B. Proximal tangential section, first and second interverticillar spaces from the top are lacking pores, based on specimen in Fig. 9I, LM-DiSTAR /BA.577.37, n. 135, upper part. C. Oblique section, the proximal sleeve is missing interverticillar pores; based on specimen in Fig. 8E, LM-DiSTAR/BA.577.27, n. 124. D. Distal tangential section; note the interverticillar, irregular voids; based on specimen in Fig. 7K, LMDiSTAR/BA.577.34, n. 132, middle–upper part.

Fig. 5 in Diversity of chondrostean fish Coccolepis from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Archipelago, Southern Germany

Fig. 5. Distinct scutes and scales (indicated with the arrows) in the chondrostean fishes Coccolepis bucklandi Agassiz, 1843 (A), and Coccolepis solnhofensis sp. nov. (B, C) from the Tithonian, Upper Jurassic of the Solnhofen Lagerstätte, Bavaria, Germany. A. MHNN-FOS 361 (holotype), fragments of preanal scutes (arrows). Photograph courtesy of Thierry Malvesy (MHNN). B. SNSB-BSPG 1904 I 19 (holotype), preanal scales arrows). C. SNSB-BSPG 1986 XV 112, predorsal scute (arrow).