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436 results for “Longevity”
Data from: Influence of early reproductive success on longevity and late reproductive success in an alpine ungulate
The life-history theories of aging predict lifetime trade-offs between early reproductive allocation and late-life survival, reproduction, or both components of fitness. Recent studies in wild populations have found evidence for these early-late life trade-offs, but rarely have they been found across multiple traits while exploring the additional effects of variation in environmental conditions and individual quality. Benefiting from longitudinal data on adult female mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), we investigated the influence of age at first reproduction (AFR) and early reproductive success (ERS) on longevity, late reproductive success, and senescence rates while accounting for the influence of natal environmental conditions and individual quality. Contrary to predictions, we did not find evidence for early-late life trade-offs. Instead, an earlier AFR and a greater ERS had positive but weak direct effects on late reproductive success. Natal population density, however, was the strongest determinant of all life-history traits, having a direct negative effect on female longevity, late reproductive success, AFR, and ERS. Although natal density reduced the probability of annual reproduction and annual survival during adulthood, higher allocation to reproduction in early life and poorer natal conditions did not lead to accelerated rates of senescence during adulthood. The results of this investigation provide an integrated picture of early-late life trade-offs, underscoring the importance of accounting for environmental conditions because of their potentially strong implications for population dynamics.
Data from: Maternal longevity and offspring sex in wild ungulates
In species with sexual size dimorphism, offspring of the larger sex usually have greater energy requirements and may lead to greater fitness costs for parents. The effects of offspring sex on maternal longevity, however, have only been tested in humans. Human studies produced mixed results and considerable debate mainly due to the difficulty of distinguishing the effects of sexual dimorphism from sociocultural factors. To advance this debate, we examined how the relative number of sons influenced maternal longevity in four species of free-living ungulates (Soay sheep Ovis aries; bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis; red deer, Cervus elaphus; mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus), with high male-biased sexual size dimorphism but without complicating sociocultural variables. We found no evidence for a higher cumulative cost of sons than of daughters on maternal longevity. For a given number of offspring, most females with many sons in all four populations lived longer than females with few sons. The higher cost of sons over daughters on maternal lifespan reported by some human studies may be the exception rather than the rule in long-lived iteroparous species.
Fig. 1 in Longevity and Fecundity of Metamasius quadrilineatus Champion (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) on a Natural Bromeliad Host in the Laboratory
Fig. 1. Age-specific survivorship of 30 adult female Metamasius quadrilineatus.
Combining metabolomics and experimental evolution reveals key mechanisms underlying longevity differences in laboratory evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations
<p>Experimental evolution with Drosophila melanogaster has been used extensively for decades to study aging and longevity. In recent years, the addition of DNA and RNA sequencing to this framework has allowed researchers to leverage the statistical power inherent to experimental evolution to study the genetic basis of longevity itself. Here, we incorporated metabolomic data into to this framework to generate even deeper insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying longevity differences in three groups of experimentally evolved D. melanogaster populations with different aging and longevity patterns. Our metabolomic analysis found that aging alters mitochondrial metabolism through increased consumption of NAD<sup>+</sup> and increased usage of the TCA cycle. Combining our genomic and metabolomic data produced a list of biologically relevant candidate genes. Among these candidates, we found significant enrichment for genes and pathways associated with neurological development and function, and carbohydrate metabolism. While we do not explicitly find enrichment for aging canonical genes, neurological dysregulation and carbohydrate metabolism are both known to be associated with accelerated aging and reduced longevity. Taken together, our results provide plausible genetic mechanisms for what might be driving longevity differences in this experimental system. More broadly, our findings demonstrate the value of combining multiple types of omic data with experimental evolution when attempting to dissect mechanisms underlying complex and highly polygenic traits such as aging.</p>
Data from: Sperm longevity and salinity – the overlooked importance of spawning environment for alternative reproductive tactics
<p><span>Studies on adaptive responses to sperm competition have focused on mating modes and mating roles. The main mating modes studied are external and internal fertilization and spermcasting. The focus of male mating roles assumes one advantageous 'bourgeois' role and another disadvantageous 'parasitic' role regarding the probability of fertilization. However, sperm longevity between teleost fishes spawning in hypoosmotic freshwater and species spawning in hyperosmotic saltwater differs markedly. We argue that this can have major impacts on sperm adaptations in relation to sperm competition, due to physiological constraints and different outcomes of trade-offs. To test this hypothesis, we extracted sperm longevity data from studies on species with alternative reproductive tactics. We show that spawning salinity affects sperm longevity by orders of magnitudes and that this affects the direction in which male tactics differ in sperm longevity: parasitic males' sperm lived shorter than bourgeois males' sperm in freshwater spawners, but longer than bourgeois males' sperm in saltwater spawners. These results highlight a need to take spawning salinity into account in intraspecific as well as interspecies comparisons of adaptations to sperm competition in external fertilizers.</span></p>
Effects of pollen supply on Apis mellifera worker longevity and body weight in the presence and absence of an intact gut microbiota
<p>Gut microbiota are known to foster pollen digestion in honey bee workers, <em>Apis mellifera</em>, thereby enhancing longevity and body weight gain. However, it is currently not known how longevity and body weight gain are effected when gut microbiota are reduced in bees with or without access to pollen. Here, using a hoarding cage set-up with freshly emerged summer workers, we manipulated the gut microbiota of half the bees with the antibiotic tetracycline (ABX), and left the other half untreated on a sucrose solution diet. Afterwards, all bees were assigned to either sucrose diets or sucrose plus <em>ad libitum</em> access to pollen (N=4 treatments, N=26 bees/treatment, N=10 replicates/treatment, N=1040 total workers). The data confirm that pollen has a positive effect on longevity and body weight in workers with an unmanipulated gut microbiota. Surprisingly, the antibiotics alone also improved the longevity and body weight of the workers fed a strictly sucrose diet, potentially explained by the reduction of harmful bacteria. However, this positive effect was always reversed in the presence of pollen, underscoring the innate value of natural microbiota on pollen digestion. In conclusion, a combination of adequate pollen supply and an intact gut microbiota appears crucial to honey bee worker health, calling for respective efforts to ensure both in managed colonies.</p>
Table S1. Mean longevity of gamma sterilized male Ae. aegypti post-treatments
<p>Table S1 showed the mean longevity of gamma sterilized male Ae. aegypti post-treatments</p>
Fig. 2 in Disruption of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in citrus: effect of blend and placement height, longevity of disruption and emission profile of a new dispenser
Fig. 2. Mean ± SEM (n = 14) number of male Phyllocnistis citrella captured in pheromone-baited traps in untreated control plots (filled circles) and in pheromonetreated plots (open circles) of grapefruit at VPI-5 grove, St. Lucie County, Florida, USA (n = 8). Triangles represent mean ± SEM (n = 8) percentage trap catch disruption (right y axis).
Fig. 3 in Disruption of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in citrus: effect of blend and placement height, longevity of disruption and emission profile of a new dispenser
Fig. 3. Mean ± SEM (n = 14) number of male Phyllocnistis citrella captured in pheromone-baited traps in untreated control plots (filled circles, n = 12) and in pheromone-treated plots (open circles) of grapefruit at TRB grove, Charlotte County, Florida, USA (n = 6). Triangles represent mean ± SEM (n = 6) percentage trap catch disruption (right y axis).
Fig. 1. Mean longevity when female Anagyrus pseudococci were provided with 1 in The effect of buckwheat flowers and cahaba vetch extrafloral nectaries on fitness of the vine mealybug parasitoid Anagyrus pseudococci (Hymenotpera: Encyrtidae)
Fig. 1. Mean longevity when female Anagyrus pseudococci were provided with 1 potted vetch (Vicia sativa) plant, 1 potted buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) plant, or only water in the laboratory. Different letters indicate significant differences (Tukey's studentized range test: P <0.05) between treatment foods (ANOVA: F = 5.56, df = 2, P <0.001).
Data from: The Caenorhabditis elegans Myc-Mondo/Mad complexes integrate diverse longevity signals
The Myc family of transcription factors regulates a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle, growth, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the "Myc interaction network" consists of two opposing heterodimeric complexes with antagonistic functions in transcriptional control: the Myc-Mondo:Mlx transcriptional activation complex and the Mad:Max transcriptional repression complex. In C. elegans, Mondo, Mlx, Mad, and Max are encoded by mml-1, mxl-2, mdl-1, and mxl-1, respectively. Here we show a similar antagonistic role for the C. elegans Myc-Mondo and Mad complexes in longevity control. Loss of mml-1 or mxl-2 shortens C. elegans lifespan. In contrast, loss of mdl-1 or mxl-1 increases longevity, dependent upon MML-1:MXL-2. The MML-1:MXL-2 and MDL-1:MXL-1 complexes function in both the insulin signaling and dietary restriction pathways. Furthermore, decreased insulin-like/IGF-1 signaling (ILS) or conditions of dietary restriction increase the accumulation of MML-1, consistent with the notion that the Myc family members function as sensors of metabolic status. Additionally, we find that Myc family members are regulated by distinct mechanisms, which would allow for integrated control of gene expression from diverse signals of metabolic status. We compared putative target genes based on ChIP-sequencing data in the modENCODE project and found significant overlap in genomic DNA binding between the major effectors of ILS (DAF-16/FoxO), DR (PHA-4/FoxA), and Myc family (MDL-1/Mad/Mxd) at common target genes, which suggests that diverse signals of metabolic status converge on overlapping transcriptional programs that influence aging. Consistent with this, there is over-enrichment at these common targets for genes that function in lifespan, stress response, and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, we find that Myc family members are also involved in stress response and the maintenance of protein homeostasis. Collectively, these findings indicate that Myc family members integrate diverse signals of metabolic status, to coordinate overlapping metabolic and cytoprotective transcriptional programs that determine the progression of aging.
Data from: Assessing bottom-trawling impacts based on the longevity of benthic invertebrates
1. Bottom trawling is the most widespread human activity directly affecting seabed habitats. Assessment and effective management of the effects of bottom trawling at the scale of fisheries requires an understanding of differences in sensitivity of biota to trawling. Responses to disturbance are expected to depend on the intrinsic rate of increase of populations (r), which is expected to be linearly related to the reciprocal of longevity. 2. We examine the relationship between the longevity of benthic invertebrates and their response to bottom trawling; both in terms of the immediate mortality following a trawl pass and their subsequent rates of recovery. We collate all available data from experimental and comparative trawling studies, and test how longevity influences these aspects of sensitivity. 3. The shortest-lived organisms (<1yr) increased in abundance shortly after experimental trawling, but showed no response to trawling in longer-term comparative studies. Conversely, the abundance of biota with a life-span >1yr decreased by ~9% immediately following a trawl pass. The effect of bottom trawling in comparative studies increased with longevity, with a 2-3× larger effect on biota living >10yr than on biota living 1-3yr. We attribute this difference to the slower recovery rates of the longer-lived biota. 4. The observed relationship between the intrinsic rate of population increase (r, our metric of recovery rate) and the reciprocal of longevity matches theoretical expectation and predicts that the sensitivity of habitats to bottom trawling is higher in habitats with higher proportions of long-lived organisms. 5. Synthesis and Applications. Where the longevity of a species or the longevity distribution of a community is known or can be inferred, our estimates of depletion and intrinsic rate of increase can be combined with high-resolution maps of trawling intensity to assess trawling impacts at the scale of the fishery or other defined unit of assessment. Our estimates of r may also be used to estimate recovery times following other forms of seabed disturbance.06-Sep-2018
Figure 2 in Polygyny, oviposition, life cycle and longevity of the three subspecies of leaf-cutting ants, Acromyrmex subterraneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 2. Survival curves of three subspecies of the Acromyrmex subterraneus complex.
Study of Acarbose in Longevity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02953093. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Nutritional Intervention for Body, Brain, and Longevity Effects (NIBBLE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06682767. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Holistic Integration for Healthy Longevity and Aging in Place
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06882434. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 12.
Photobiomodulation and New Restorative Material for Teeth With MIH on Control of Hypersensitivity and Longevity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06538142. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Participatory Evaluation (of) Aging (With) Rapamycin (for) Longevity Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04488601. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Metformin in Longevity Study (MILES).
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02432287. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Clinical Longevity of Ceramic Laminate Veneers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03645551. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 8.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.