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1,719 results for “Making”
EfficientBioAI: Making Bioimaging AI Models Efficient in Energy and Latency
<p>This dataset contains trained deep learning models, dataset and experiment files for the manuscript "EfficientBioAI: Making Bioimaging AI Models Efficient in Energy and Latency". Please find the software and more information including tutorials here: <a href="https://github.com/MMV-Lab/EfficientBioAI">MMV-Lab/EfficientBioAI (github.com)</a>.</p>
Data from: Rope making in the Aurignacian of Central Europe more than 35,000 years ago
<p>Evidence for the manufacture and use of fiber technology such as rope and twine is rare in the Paleolithic, despite the widely held view that such artifacts were in regular use during the Pleistocene. Based on the discovery of a more than 35,000 year-old perforated baton made from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in Ach Valley of southwestern Germany together with experimental studies, we are now able to demonstrate one way people of the early Upper Paleolithic manufactured rope. This work contributes to our understanding of the evolution of technology, cooperative work and Paleolithic social organization.</p>
Qualitative raw data and behavioral analysis for understanding VMMC policy decision-making
<p>Faced with declining donor funding for HIV, low- and middle-income countries must identify efficient and cost-effective ways to integrate HIV prevention programs into public health systems for long-term sustainability. In Zambia, donor support to the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) program, which previously funded non-governmental organizations as implementing partners, is increasingly being directed through government structures instead. We developed a framework to understand how the behaviors of individual decision-makers within the government could be barriers to this transition. We interviewed key stakeholders from the national, provincial, and district levels of the Ministry of Health, and from donors and partners funding and implementing Zambia's VMMC program, exploring the decisions required to attain a sustainable VMMC program and the behavioral dynamics involved at personal and institutional levels. Using pattern identification and theme matching to analyze the content of the responses, we derived three core decision-making phases in the transition to a sustainable VMMC program: 1) developing an alternative funding strategy, 2) developing a policy for early-infant (0-2 months) and early-adolescent (15-17 years) male circumcision, which is crucial to sustainable HIV prevention; and 3) identifying integrated and efficient implementation models. We formulated a framework showing how, in each phase, a range of behavioral dynamics can form barriers that hinder effective decision-making among stakeholders at the same level (e.g., national ministries and donors) or across levels (e.g., national, provincial and district). Our research methodology and the resulting framework offer a systematic approach for in-depth investigations into organizational decision-making in public health programs, as well as development programs beyond VMMC and HIV prevention. It provides the insights necessary to map organizational development and policy-making transition plans to sustainability, by explaining tangible factors such as organizational processes and systems, as well as intangibles such as the behaviors of policymakers and institutional actors.</p>
Figure 4. A in Avian biodiversity assessment studies in a Neotropical wetland - the combination of sampling methods makes the difference
Figure 4. A Song Meter (acoustic recorder, upper left, marked yellow) and a camera trap (photo and video recorder, lower left, marked green) were jointly applied to study the avian occurrence and behavior of ground-dwelling species, e.g., cracids and tinamous.
Figure 1 in Avian biodiversity assessment studies in a Neotropical wetland - the combination of sampling methods makes the difference
Figure 1. Number of individuals and species detected by three methodologies over the dry period of 2014 in areas of forest and savanna in the northeastern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. MN = mist nets; PC = point counts; ARU = autonomous acoustic recording.
Figure 3 in Avian biodiversity assessment studies in a Neotropical wetland - the combination of sampling methods makes the difference
Figure 3. Local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) of avian taxa in the northeastern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in the dry period of 2014. The geographic positions of the savanna sites (orange) and forest sites (green) are shown. The relationship between the LCBD values and species richness is shown in A. The site contributions to beta diversity (i.e., the LCBD values) determined by each methodology were divided into two components: replacement B and nestedness C.
Figure 2 in Avian biodiversity assessment studies in a Neotropical wetland - the combination of sampling methods makes the difference
Figure 2. Number of species detected in each of the eight sampling sites using three methodologies over the dry period of 2014 in one region of the northeastern Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. MN = mist nets; PC = point counts; ARU = autonomous acoustic recording.
Eye tracking data set of academics making an omelette: An egg-breaking work
<p>Just as there are numerous ways to cook an egg, there are numerous ways to recreate a YouTube video of cooking an omelette. We created a dataset of 10 academics replicating a viral video of making an omelette. We evaluated the saccade behavior during the varying subtasks and found differences related to the actions (whisking, sprinkling, etc.) and the objects (eggs, butter, plate, etc.). This dataset can further offer insight into eye movements in complex tasks and is potentially even applicable for task planning and </p>
Underlying REVISED dataset for the study: Singing and music making: Physiological responses across early to later stages of dementia
<p>These files contain the REVIDED underlying data for the study, Singing and Music Making: Physiological Responses Across Early to Later Stages of Dementia; physiological data from Study 1 and Study 2, and video recording engagement scores from Study 2.</p> <p><strong>in Study 2, the electrodermal readings (EDA) for the Slow Music readings in session 1 had become corrupted. The correct EDA data for this session was uploaded on 31.3.24.</strong></p> <p>The project was funded by the Wellcome Trust as part of The Hub Award at the Wellcome Collection, London. The article that these data are based on can be here: https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/6-150/v1, Wellcome Open Research, 6:150.</p> <p>The abstract from the accompanying article:</p> <p><strong>Background</strong>: Music based interventions have been found to improve the wellbeing of people living with dementia. Research to date has primarily used psychometric questionnaires and qualitative interviews to determine impact and efficacy. More recently there has been an interest in exploring if psychophysiological measures could provide additional information about how music, singing and other arts activities impact this population. Physiological responses can provide additional evidence about an individual’s experience of an activity and may be particularly useful for people who are experiencing difficulties with communication. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This multiple-case study design drew on previously collected, unanalysed archival data and explored the physiological responses of nine people with mild-to-moderate dementia during a singing group, and six people in the later stages of dementia during an interactive music group. Medical grade Empatica E4 ™ wearable wristbands provided information on heart rate (HR), electrodermal activity (EDA), movement (ACC) and skin temperature (ST). The interactive music group was video recorded using non-intrusive Fly 360-degree cameras™ in order to provide additional group interactive information about engagement. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Physiological responses were analysed using simulation modelling analysis (SMA) within individual case studies. Participants in the singing group showed an increase in EDA and HR as the session began. HR and ST increased during faster paced songs. EDA, movement and engagement were all higher during an interactive music group than during a control session (music listening). EDA and ST increased and in contrast to the responses during singing, HR decreased as the sessions began. EDA was higher during slower music, however this was less consistent in the more interactive intervention sessions than the control. There were no consistent changes in HR and movement responses during different styles of music. Physiological responses peaked during familiar music, interactions, physical touch in addition to times that participants appeared disengaged. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Non-intrusive physiological measures obtained from easily worn wristband devices may provide valuable information about the experiences of people living with dementia who participate in arts and other activities, particularly for those in later stages when verbal communication may be more difficult and it is no longer possible to complete psychometric questionnaires. However, whenever feasible, they should be used in conjunction with other measures to develop a more nuanced understanding of these experiences. Future research should consider using physiological measures with video-analysis and observational measures, where possible, to explore further how engagement in specific activities, wellbeing and physiology interact. This may provide valuable information for further development of activities and services for those living with dementias across different levels of impairment.</p>
h-BN in the making: The surface chemistry of borazine on Rh(111)
<p>Herein, we present the raw data and the evaluated files (including a corresponding data assignment) affiliated with the research article "h-BN in the making: The surface chemistry of borazine on Rh(111)", accepted for publication in The Journal of Chemical Physics.</p>
Making people work skillfully together with the support of the TeamFluent tool - video of a demonstration
<p>This is a video prepared for a demonstration held at the OCCE 2021 conference:</p> <p>Lakkala, M., Dexter, P., Rautiainen, J., Männistö, T., & Toom, A. (2021). Making people work skillfully together with the support of the TeamFluent tool. OCCE 2021 DTEL IFIP TC3 Conference, 17-20 August, 2021, Tampere, Finland. See the book of abstracts: h<a href="http://ttps://www.occe2021.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/OCCE2021_BookOfAbstracts_20210810.pdf">ttps://www.occe2021.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/OCCE2021_BookOfAbstracts_20210810.pdf</a> (pp. 37-38).</p> <p>TeamFluent is a research-based tool originally developed at the University of Helsinki in the dLearn.Helsinki project (<a href="https://blogs.helsinki.fi/dlearnhelsinki/">https://blogs.helsinki.fi/dlearnhelsinki/</a>) and further developed by TeamFluent Ltd. (<a href="https://www.teamfluent.eu/">https://www.teamfluent.eu/</a>).</p>
Making ICRP Recommendations 'Fit For Purpose' for the Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
<p><em>Background:</em> ICRP recommendations need to be made fit for purpose for the response to a nuclear or radiological emergency. While the System of Radiological Protection has performed well to meet its primary objective ‘to contribute to an appropriate level of protection for people…’ in normal, routine activities (planned exposure situations), the System has failed in its objective related to protection of the people in emergency exposure situations. This is evident from the excess deaths, increases in morbidity (e.g., diabetes, heart diseases) and other severe effects (e.g., mental, economic, social) observed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. These adverse effects resulted from protective actions taken to avert radiation exposure, consistent with international recommendations, even though the radiation health effects avoided are negligible and not discernible. These actions were therefore not justified based on the hazard to health from radiation exposure. Too much emphasis is given to protection of people from the radiation, without due consideration to the impact of the protective action. Thus justification – to do more good than harm – is not being realised. The principle of justification has not been thoroughly or correctly considered before, in part because no tools were provided to allow the risk of protective actions to be put in perspective, so our analysis will provide a technical basis for the development of such tools.</p> <p><em>Methods:</em> Meta-analysis of more than 600 papers focusing on protective actions and non-radiological health effects for different disasters (including nuclear and natural disasters). Analysis in terms of absolute risk (cases per 1000) of the health effects resulting from protective actions and radiation health effects from the averted dose based on the LNT fatal risk coefficient of 5% per Sv.</p> <p><em>Results</em>: Preliminary results are presented. We estimate approximately 15 excess early deaths per 1000 among the general population and 30 among those in long term care facilities following dislocations resulting from protective actions, while only 1 hypothetical excess radiation-induced cancer (late) death per 1000 would be averted if protective actions are taken at 20 mSv total effective dose – a criterion used in many countries for implementation of protective actions.</p> <p><em>Conclusions:</em> Implementing protective actions can result in more excess deaths than assumed to result from the radiation expose averted. Such negative impacts to the health of people must be accounted for in the System of Radiological Protection and recommendations concerning their application, or they are failing to protect people effectively.</p>
Data underlying figures in Beyond Data: sharing related research outputs to make data reusable
<p>Data that underlies figures in forthcoming article Beyond Data: sharing related research outputs to make data reusable, to be published in the journal Learned Publishing. Data in these files was retrieved from the DataCite REST API and the DataCite metadata schema. Zipped file contains identical data in 2 formats: individual CSV files (one per figure, plus a file with the overall count of DataCite DOIs by resource type and year) and single XLSX file with multiple tabs. </p>
Needs-based approaches for representing personal transportation decision-making
<p>Data from a Utah State University research study, "Needs-based approaches for representing personal transportation decision-making". This version includes data from the focus group portion of the study. </p>
MetaComNet: A random forest-based framework for making spatial prediction of plant-pollinator interactions
<p>1. Predicting plant-pollinator interaction networks over space and time will improve our understanding of how environmental change is likely to impact the functioning of ecosystems. Here we propose a framework for producing spatially explicit predictions of the occurrence and number of pairwise plant-pollinator interactions and of the species richness, diversity, and abundance of pollinators visiting flowers. We call the framework 'MetaComNet' because it aims to link metacommunity dynamics to the assembly of ecological networks.</p> <p>2. To illustrate the MetaComNet functionality, we used a dataset on bee-flower networks sampled at 16 sites in southeast Norway along with random forest models to predict bee-flower interactions. We included variables associated with climatic conditions (elevation) and habitat availability within a 250m radius of each site. Regional commonness, site-specific distance to conspecifics, social guild, and floral preference were included as bee traits. Each plant species was assigned a score reflecting its site-specific abundance, and four scores reflecting the bee species that the plant family is known to attract. We used leave-one-out cross-validations to assess the models' ability to predict pairwise plant-bee interactions across the landscape.</p> <p>3. The relationship between observed occurrence or absence of interactions and the predicted probability of interactions was nearly proportional (GLMlogistic regression slope = 1.09), matching the data well (AUC = 0.88), and explained 30% of the variation. Predicted probability of interactions was also correlated with the number of observed pairwise interactions (r = 0.32). The sum of predicted probabilities of bee-flower interactions were positively correlated with observed species richness (r = 0.50), diversity (r = 0.48), and abundance (r = 0.42) of wild bees interacting with plant species within sites.</p> <p>4. Our findings show that the MetaComNet framework can be a useful approach for making spatially explicit predictions and mapping plant-pollinator interactions. Such predictions have the potential to identify areas where the pollination potential for wild plants is particularly high, and where conservation action should be directed to preserve this ecosystem function.</p>
This book makes me happy and sad and I love it
<p>Data supporting the (submitted) article </p> <p>`This book makes me happy and sad and I love it'. A Rule-based Model for Extracting Reading Impact from English Book Reviews<br> </p>
Not all trees can make a forest: tree species composition and competition control forest encroachment in a tropical savanna
<p>Forest encroachment into savannas is a widespread phenomenon, the rate of which may depend on soil conditions, species composition, or changes in stand structure. As savanna specialist trees are replaced by generalist species, rates of stand development may increase. Because generalists can persist in forests, they are likely to grow more quickly and survive longer in dense stands, compared to savanna specialists. Furthermore, the faster growth rates of generalists may allow them to overtop and outcompete savanna specialists, causing rapid species turnover.</p> <p>We measured growth and survival of 6147 individuals of 112 species of savanna and generalist tree species over a period of 10 years in an ecological reserve in Assis, São Paulo State, Brazil. We modeled growth and mortality as a function of soil texture and nutrients, tree size, competitive neighborhood, and membership in savanna or generalist (species which can persist in forests and savannas) functional groups.</p> <p>Tree growth and survival was strongly influenced by competition, as estimated by the basal area of trees taller than a focal tree. At the stand level, savanna species are unable to contribute basal area growth in closed stands, while generalist species continue to increase in basal area even at high stand basal area. This phenomenon is driven by differences in growth and mortality. Generalists grew faster than savanna species, both in height and diameter. This difference in growth rates led to savanna species becoming suppressed more rapidly than generalists. When suppressed, savanna species were more than twice as likely to die than were generalists. Soils had inconsistent and mostly weak effects which were difficult to separate from gradients of stand structure.</p> <p>Synthesis: We demonstrate that the presence of generalist trees accelerates rates of basal area accumulation due to their greater growth rates and tolerance of shading. Generalists outcompete savanna trees by growing faster in the open and overtopping savanna specialists. Due to the slow growth and high mortality of savanna species in the shade, they are unable to form closed-canopy stands. Accounting for differences among functional types and development of vegetation structure is critical for modeling forest encroachment.</p>
What makes a good bat box? How box occupancy depends on box characteristics and landscape-level variables
<p>Bat populations are in steep decline and presently, 16% of all species are classified as "threatened". One main driver identified for this decline is the loss of natural roosting opportunities, caused by the removal of natural habitats. Installation of bat boxes is one solution to compensate for the lack of natural roosting opportunities. Current recommendations for box design emphasize low maintenance costs and are rarely based on empirical evidence.</p> <p>We investigated occupancy of <span>13634 </span>bat boxes in northern Bavaria, Germany. In our study boxes differed in type, age and mounting height, as well as in maximum community age, i.e. the length of time a group of boxes had been installed in a particular place, the size of box groups and the distance to the next box in the surrounding area, i.e. box isolation.</p> <p>Our results showed that box occupancy depended on box type and bat species. As a case study, we analysed the two most common species found within the investigated boxes, <i>Pipistrellus pipistrellus</i> and <i>Myotis nattereri</i>, in more detail<i>. </i>Both species showed preference to a voluminous box that had a narrow entrance ("Gable box" 14 mm). For <i>P. pipistrellus</i>,<i> </i>only box type affected occupancy, whereas for <i>M. nattereri</i>,<i> </i>the relationship between box type and box age were important. Older boxes, and boxes in areas with higher maximum community age of boxes showed higher box occupancy by bats. Box occupancy decreased with the distance between adjacent box groups ("box isolation"). High mounting height showed a tendency for increased box occupancy, but the effect was only weakly significant.</p>
Dataset — Make Reddit Great Again: Assessing Community Effects of Moderation Interventions on r/The_Donald
<p>Reddit contents and complementary data regarding the r/The_Donald community and its main moderation interventions, used for the corresponding article indicated in the title.</p> <p>An accompanying R notebook can be found in: <a href="https://github.com/amauryt/make_reddit_great_again">https://github.com/amauryt/make_reddit_great_again</a></p> <p><strong>If you use this dataset please cite the related article.</strong></p> <p>The dataset timeframe of the Reddit contents (submissions and comments) spans from 30 weeks before <em>Quarantine</em> (2018-11-28) to 30 weeks after <em>Restriction</em> (2020-09-23). The original Reddit content was collected from the <a href="https://files.pushshift.io/reddit/">Pushshift monthly data files</a>, transformed, and loaded into two SQLite databases.</p> <p>The first database, <em>the_donald.sqlite</em>, contains all the available content from r/The_Donald created during the dataset timeframe, with the last content being posted several weeks before the timeframe upper limit. It only has two tables: <em>submissions</em> and <em>comments</em>. It should be noted that the IDs of contents are on base 10 (numeric integer), unlike the original base 36 (alphanumeric) used on Reddit and Pushshift. This is for efficient storage and processing. If necessary, many programming languages or libraries can easily convert IDs from one base to another.</p> <p>The second database, <em>core_the_donald.sqlite</em>, contains all the available content from core users of r/The_Donald made platform-wise (i.e., within and without the subreddit) during the dataset timeframe. Core users are defined as those who authored either a submission or a comment a week in r/The_Donald during the 30 weeks prior to the subreddit's Quarantine. The database has four tables: <em>submissions</em>, <em>comments</em>, <em>subreddits</em>, and <em>perspective_scores</em>. The <em>subreddits</em> table contains the names of the subreddits to which submissions and comments were made (their IDs are also on base 10). The <em>perspective_scores</em> table contains comment toxicity scores.</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.perspectiveapi.com/">Perspective API</a> was used to score comments based on the attributes <em>toxicity</em> and <em>severe_toxicity</em>. It should be noted that not all of the comments in <em>core_the_donald</em> have a score because the comment body was blank or because the Perspective API returned a request error (after three tries). However, the percentage of missing scores is minuscule.</p> <p>A third file, <em>mbfc_scores.csv</em>, contains the bias and factual reporting accuracy collected in October 2021 from <a href="https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/">Media Bias / Fact Check</a> (MBFC). Both attributes are scored on a Likert-like manner. One can associate submissions to MBFC scores by doing a <em>join</em> by the <em>domain</em> column.</p>
Women's view on shared decision making and autonomy in childbirth: Cohort study of Belgian women.
<p>This is a prospective, non-interventional study to explore the birth experience of Flemish women. A self-assembled questionnaire was used to collect data, including the Pregnancy and Childbirth Questionnaire (PCQ), the Labor Agenty Scale (LAS), the Mothers Autonomy Decision Making Scale (MADM),the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM–Q9) and four questions on preparation for childbirth. Women who gave birth two to twelve months ago were recruited by means of social media in the Flemish area (Northern part of Belgium).</p> <p>Linear mixed-effect modelling with backwards variable selection was applied to examine relations with autonomy in decision making.</p> <p>In total, 1029 mothers participated in this study of which 617 filled out the survey completely. Data were saved with IBM® SPSS® (version 25).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.