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377 results for “Malnutrition”
Data from: Experimental evolution demonstrates evolvability of preferential nutrient allocation to competing traits, in response to chronic malnutrition.
Investigating the evolutionary origins of disease vulnerability is an important aspect of evolutionary medicine that strongly complements our current understanding on proximate causes of disease. Life history trade-offs mediated through evolutionary changes in resource allocation strategies could be one possible explanation to why suboptimal traits that leave bodies vulnerable to disease exist. For example, Drosophila melanogaster populations experimentally evolved to tolerate chronic larval malnutrition succumb to intestinal infection despite eliciting a competent immune response, owing to the loss of their intestinal integrity. Here, I test if evolved changes in resource allocation underlies this trade-off, by assaying preferential allocation of dietary protein towards growth and tissue repair in the same populations. Using two phenotypic traits: regeneration of intestinal epithelium post-pathogenic infection and body weight, I show that in accordance to the dynamic energy budget theory (DEB) dietary protein acquired during the larval phase is allocated to both growth and adult tissue repair. Furthermore, by altering the ratio of protein and carbohydrates in the larval diets I demonstrate that in comparison to the control populations, the evolved (selected) populations differ in their protein allocation strategy towards these two traits. While the control populations stored away excess protein for tissue repair, the selected populations invested it towards immediate increase in body weight rather than towards an unanticipated tissue damage. Thus, I show how macronutrient availability and their allocation between traits can alter resistance, and provide empirical evidence that supports the 'mismatch hypothesis', wherein vulnerability to disease is proposed to stem from the differences between ancestral and current environment.
Data from: Plastic and evolutionary responses of cell size and number to larval malnutrition in Drosophila melanogaster
Both development and evolution under chronic malnutrition lead to reduced adult size in Drosophila. We studied the contribution of changes in size vs. number of epidermal cells to plastic and evolutionary reduction of wing size in response to poor larval food. We used flies from six populations selected for tolerance to larval malnutrition and from six unselected control populations, raised either under standard conditions or under larval malnutrition. In the control populations, phenotypic plasticity of wing size was mediated by both cell size and cell number. In contrast, evolutionary change in wing size, which was only observed as a correlated response expressed on standard food, was mediated entirely by reduction in cell number. Plasticity of cell number had been lost in the selected populations, and cell number did not differ between the sexes despite males having smaller wings. Results of this and other experimental evolution studies are consistent with the hypothesis that alleles which increase body size through prolonged growth affect wing size mostly via cell number, whereas alleles which increase size through higher growth rate do so via cell size.
The paradox of food production, consumption, poverty and malnutrition in Tanzania
<p><span><b>Background</b>: There have been claims amongst nutrition stakeholders in Tanzania that the food basket regions are leading in stunting prevalence. However, we could not find evidence that combines food production and stunting levels to substantiate this claim. Therefore, this study aims to compare data of stunting, food production and consumption at administrative regions in Tanzania Mainland.</span></p> <p><span><b>Methods</b>: The study used an ecological study design to show the relationship between stunting, poverty, and food production and consumption across administrative regions in Tanzania. The study used data from three national wide surveys: 2017/2018 Household Budget Survey (HBS), Tanzania National Nutrition Survey (TNNS) 2018 and Agriculture Statistics for Food Security report 2018/2019.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results</b>: The study showed that there is a positive relationship between the prevalence of stunting and food production (r=0.43, p=0.03) while there is a negative relationship between stunting and the level of both the average monthly household consumption expenditure (r = -0.48, p = 0.01) and average monthly household food consumption expenditure (r = -0.509, p = 0.01). It was further found that some regions which have higher levels of stunting such as Njombe have the lowest level of basic need poverty.</span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusion</b>: The study found a positive relationship between food production and the prevalence of stunting using data across regions in Mainland Tanzania. This is an indication that regional food security may not entail nutrition security hence a call for more advocacy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture.</span></p>
Figure 3 from: Bernstein A, Moore RS, Rhee LQ, Aronson DL, Katz DL (2021) A digital dietary assessment tool may help identify malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies in hospitalized patients. Research Ideas and Outcomes 7: e70642. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.7.e70642
Figure 3 Results illustrating a select micronutrient profile which may be within or out of range for a sample patient with the following characteristics: 70 years old, male, height 5 foot 6 inches, weight 125 pounds, minimal physical activity, losing weight, following restrictive diet.
Figure 2 from: Bernstein A, Moore RS, Rhee LQ, Aronson DL, Katz DL (2021) A digital dietary assessment tool may help identify malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies in hospitalized patients. Research Ideas and Outcomes 7: e70642. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.7.e70642
Figure 2 Results illustrating a select macronutrient profile which may be within or out of range for a sample patient with the following characteristics: 70 years old, male, height 5 foot 6 inches, weight 125 pounds, minimal physical activity, losing weight, following restrictive diet.
Double burden of malnutrition in two Nigerian states
<p><b>Background: </b>Double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is the co-existence of overweight/obesity and undernutrition. Rising prevalence rates of childhood overweight/obesity in Nigeria have been reported, whilst undernutrition continues to be prevalent. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of underweight, stunting, thinness, overweight/obesity, and the DBM among school-aged children and adolescents in Gombe and Osun States in Nigeria.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out in Osun and Gombe States in 2019 – 2020. A total of 1,200 children aged 6 – 19 years were recruited using multi-stage sampling technique. Weight, height and data on demographic, socio-economic, household/family characteristics of the children were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaires. Nutritional status was calculated using the WHO 2007 reference values using BMI-for-age (thinness, overweight/obesity), height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight). DBM was described at the population and individual levels.<b> </b></p> <p><b>Results: </b>The mean age of the respondents was 11.6 ± 3.8 years. The overall prevalence rate of stunting was 34.9%, underweight was 13.5%, thinness was 10.3% and overweight/obese was 11.4% and 4.0% had individual level DBM, which typifies the DBM at individual and population levels. These rates differed significantly across demographic, socio-economic and household/family characteristics (p < 0.05). Gombe State, which is in the Northern part of Nigeria, had significantly higher burden of stunted, underweight and thin children than Osun State, while Osun State, in the Southern part of Nigeria, had a significantly higher burden of overweight/obesity.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>The study found evidence of DBM both at population and individual levels. The overall prevalence rates of stunting, underweight, thinness and overweight/obesity in this study were high, and they differed significantly across the demographic, socio-economic and household/family characteristics. There is the need for government and all other stakeholders to design nutritional educational programmes that will target both under- and over-nutrition among older children in the different contexts</p>
Sentinel Surveillance of Malnutrition, Niger
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00682708. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Calcium and Vitamin D Malnutrition in Elderly Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00352170. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Effect of Malnutrition on Liver and Spleen Stiffness in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06932445. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02505711. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 8.
Association Between Malnutrition and Clinical Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03213899. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Azithromycin for Severe Acute Malnutrition in CMAM, Nigeria
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05473234. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effectiveness of Safe Drinking Water in Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition (Pakistan)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02751476. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Study of Malnutrition in Primary School Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04810468. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Money or Knowledge? Behavioral Aspects of Malnutrition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02903641. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
The Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents in Low-income and Middle-income Countries
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03346473. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Expanding Coverage of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) Treatment in Kenya
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06441305. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Visceral Leishmaniasis and Malnutrition in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02148822. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 5.
Malnutrition's Role in Fall Risk
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03011918. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Leveraging the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Platform to Address Malaria and Malnutrition
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06599593. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.