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opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Impact of national drug pricing policy 2018 on access to medicines in Lahore Division, Pakistan: A pre-post survey study using WHO/HAI methodology

Objective: To evaluate the impact of new national drug pricing policy (NDPP) 2018 on the access to medicines in terms of prices, availability, and affordability. Design: Two cross-sectional surveys were undertaken before and after the launch of NDPP 2018, using a modified WHO/HAI methodology. Setting: Four districts of Lahore division, Pakistan. Participants: 16 public sector hospitals and 16 private sector retail pharmacies. Measures: The pre- and post-survey data on prices and availability of Lowest Price Generics (LPGs) and Originator Brands (OBs) of 50 medicines were obtained by visiting the same public and private sector health facilities (n=32). Out of 50, 46 surveyed medicines were from National Essential Medicines List (NEML). Inflation-adjusted median unit prices (MUPs) and median price ratios (MPRs) from 2019 were used for price comparison. Affordability was calculated in terms of number of days' wages required to get a standard treatment by the lowest paid unskilled government worker. Results: The overall mean percent availabilities remained poor in both years i.e. far less than 80%. In public sector, the mean percent availability of OBs improved from 6.8% to 33.1% whereas, in case of LPGs it was reduced from 35.1% to 9%. In private sector, the mean percent availability of both OBs and LPGs demonstrated slight improvements in 2019 i.e. 55.0% to 58.3% and 20.3% to 32.3%. The adjusted MUPs and MPRs of OBs significantly increased by a median of 4.29% (Wilcoxon test p=0.001, p=0.0001). Whereas, the adjusted MUPs and MPRs of LPGs were increased by a median of 15.7% (p=0.002, p=0.0002). Overall the affordability of many medicines for common ailments reduced significantly in 2019. Conclusions: The availability of medicines slightly improved, except in the case of LPGs which was reduced at public sector. The implementation of NDPP 2018 led to increase in drug prices, making the standard treatment for some of the most prevalent ailments unaffordable. So verily, the drug pricing policy must be reviewed to ensure access to essential medicines.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Exploring 12-Year Trends in Childhood Obesity Prevalence for the Republic of Ireland – A National Study Using Survey Data from 2002 and 2014

This research examines 12-year trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, including trends in socioeconomic disparities, among primary-school-aged children in the Republic of Ireland between 2002 and 2014. Two large-scale oral health cross-sectional surveys of primary-school-aged children aged 4–13 years were conducted twelve years apart in 2002 (n=14,055) and 2014 (n=5,272; response rates: 68% and 67%, respectively). Both surveys included standardised and calibrated height and weight measures.  Ownership of a means-tested medical card determined economic status. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined using Standard International Obesity Task Force criteria.  Aggregate data and supporting metadata are made available here.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Dump of metadata from the Czech National Open Data Catalog, 2020-04-20, State Administration of Land Surveying and Cadastre datasets removed

Dump of metadata using DCAT-AP from the Czech National Open Data Catalog, 2020-04-20, in RDF TriG. Used in the paper "Modular Framework for Similarity-based Dataset Discovery using External Knowledge" State Administration of Land Surveying and Cadastre datasets were removed from the dump for practical reasons.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Prevalence and severity of asthmatic symptoms in Grenadian school children: the Grenada National Asthma Survey

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma in school children in the tri-island Caribbean nation of Grenada. Setting, participants and outcomes: This was a self-report study provided to the guardians of all primary school children between ages 6 and 7 throughout Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique in 2013. Of the 2362 surveys provided, 1374 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 58.2%. Only responders listing birthdays between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2007 were included in the analysis, resulting in 1165 qualifying responders. Asthma diagnosis was based on previous physician diagnosed asthma and/or self-reported presence of wheeze in the past 12 months (current wheeze). Severity of asthma, medication usage, environmental exposures, physician and emergency department visits were compared among respondents. Results: The prevalence of wheezing in the past year was 30.5±1.8%, and of these 68.4% were previously diagnosed with asthma. Of the current wheeze participants, 39.9±9.2% reported moderate to severe asthma symptoms and increased exposure to cigarette smoke, excessive dust, burning brush and landfills. Carriacou and Petite Martinique, the two smaller islands, had a lower incidence of current wheeze (14.1±7.7%) and exposure rates to cigarette smoke and burning brush as compared to the larger, denser island of Grenada. Although 65.7% of respondents diagnosed with asthma reported taking medication, the number of annual doctor and emergency department visits were high (2.82 and 0.86, respectively). Respondents with the most severe asthma symptoms reported the most emergency department visits with an average of 1.05 visits annually, whereas respondents with moderate asthma symptoms had the most doctor visits with an average of 3.33 visits annually. Conclusions: This study indicates that the prevalence of childhood asthma in Grenada is very high and warrants policy consideration in public health and education to decrease its morbidity.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: A database of human exposomes and phenomes from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a population survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor the health of the United States whose data is publicly available in hundreds of files. This Data Descriptor describes a single unified and universally accessible data file, merging across 255 separate files and stitching data across 4 surveys, encompassing 41,474 individuals and 1,191 variables. The variables consist of phenotype and environmental exposure information on each individual, specifically (1) demographic information, physical exam results (e.g., height, body mass index), laboratory results (e.g., cholesterol, glucose, and environmental exposures), and (4) questionnaire items. Second, the data descriptor describes a dictionary to enable analysts find variables by category and human-readable description. The datasets are available on DataDryad and a hands-on analytics tutorial is available on GitHub. Through a new big data platform, BD2K Patient Centered Information Commons (http://pic-sure.org), we provide a new way to browse the dataset via a web browser (https://nhanes.hms.harvard.edu) and provide application programming interface for programmatic access.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Data from: Dysphagia Management in COPD: A National Survey

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease affecting approximately 300 million people globally. Ireland has the highest hospitalisation for COPD exacerbations in Europe. Dysphagia occurs in 17-85% of people with COPD (PwCOPD) and is a contributory factor to COPD exacerbations. Effective dysphagia management can reduce hospitalisation for PwCOPD. Determining Speech and Language Therapists’ (SLTs) clinical practices and confidence levels when working with PwCOPD and dysphagia is warranted. Following a pilot study, a survey exploring SLTs (n =131) clinical practices and confidence levels prior to and during COVID-19 was issued to SLTs working with PwCOPD and dysphagia in the Republic of Ireland. 88 survey responses were analysed. Survey respondents had up to twenty years plus experience working with PwCOPD across primarily acute and outpatient settings. Self-reported confidence ratings when assessing and treating dysphagia in PwCOPD were mixed, with some statistically significant changes noted during COVID-19. Clinical Bedside Swallow Examinations were routinely used but some components were modified because of COVID-19 infection control guidelines. Routine use of instrumental assessment was conducted by 30% of respondents pre COVID-19 and 39% of respondents during COVID-19. Dysphagia management primarily focused on education and compensatory strategies. Less than 1/3 of respondents used policies, procedures, protocols and guidelines (PPPGs) when managing dysphagia in PwCOPD. Development and dissemination of national PPPGs and education regarding evidence-based management of dysphagia in PwCOPD may support consistent care by SLTs. Further research investigating evidence-based dysphagia management and the impact of PPPGs and education on clinical practice is recommended.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Amphbian larvae survey at Emas National Park, Brazil (2012/2013, 2014/2015, 2017/2018)

Multiple factors contribute to explaining the composition and structure of communities and the niche is still the most used theory to describe how organisms interact with such factors to generate biological communities' patterns. Both biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment along with the geographic space interact in complex ways with the behavior and physiological tolerance of organisms to structure a community. In this study, we tested the potential effects of the environment and space that may determine the distribution of tadpoles in aquatic habitats located at Emas National Park. To this end, we sampled 23 aquatic habitats, described their environmental characteristics, recorded their geographic location, and carried out a survey of the tadpoles found. Later, we evaluated the effect of environmental and spatial variables on the distribution of species, through a Partial Redundancy analysis, using matrices of environmental descriptors and geographic location. We found that both environmental and spatial factors drive the distribution and the species composition of the studied assemblages. Also, when we analyzed the pattern of co-occurrence, we observed that the number of co-occurrence pairs of species in the Emas National Park is less frequent than expected by chance, suggesting that besides the effect of abiotic components (environmental and spatial factors), competition is a co-structuring factor in the assemblages of tadpoles.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Locating a National Collection - Schools survey and interview

Questions posed as part of a survey of schools (teachers and pupils) conducted by Locating a National Collection and funded by the AHRC. The survey consisted of a series of questions to be completed anonymously online via Google Forms by teachers and pupils in response to an invitation on the Historical Association website. The survey was intended to take around around 15 minutes. The survey aimed to investigate attitudes and behaviours in two areas: history/cultural heritage and digital technologies, with a clear focus on location and eliciting responses to both class room and out of school behaviours. Teachers were invited to participate in a follow-up interview posing more indepth questions about engagement with heritage in teaching, use of sources, use of technology and ways of improving accessibility for schools and their understanding of history.   The research has been led by Historic Royal Palaces in collaboration with the British Library and the National Trust.

Distribution. SW Madagascar, known only from the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park region, N of the Onilahy River and S of the Fiherena River. Additional surveys are needed to determine the N, W, and E boundaries of the distribution. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. SW Madagascar, known only from the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park region, N of the Onilahy River and S of the Fiherena River. Additional surveys are needed to determine the N, W, and E boundaries of the distribution.

Distribution. NE Madagascar, known only from Masoala National Park (Masiaposa Forest). Additional surveys are needed to determine the E and N limits ofits range. in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. NE Madagascar, known only from Masoala National Park (Masiaposa Forest). Additional surveys are needed to determine the E and N limits ofits range.

Distribution. CE & SE Madagascar; until recently restricted to the SC portion of the country's rainforests including Ranomafana and Andringitra national parks, Ambositra-Vondrozo Corridor and isolated forests between and to the E ofthese localities (e.g. Ambolomavo, Ifanadiana, Kianjavato), and one locality N of the Manampatrana River (Evendra); recent surveys have now confirmed its presence in the forests of Torotorofotsy, in the region of Andasibe-Mantadia, and 18 sites in and around the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, and at five additional sites around the Marolambo forest corridor and as far N as Zahamena National Park, and it extends to near the Midongy du Sud National Park in the S, 670 km S of Zahamena. Reports of large bamboo lemursfitting this species' description have been filtering in from various other remote sites (e.g. Mananara region). in Lemuridae

Distribution. CE & SE Madagascar; until recently restricted to the SC portion of the country's rainforests including Ranomafana and Andringitra national parks, Ambositra-Vondrozo Corridor and isolated forests between and to the E ofthese localities (e.g. Ambolomavo, Ifanadiana, Kianjavato), and one locality N of the Manampatrana River (Evendra); recent surveys have now confirmed its presence in the forests of Torotorofotsy, in the region of Andasibe-Mantadia, and 18 sites in and around the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, and at five additional sites around the Marolambo forest corridor and as far N as Zahamena National Park, and it extends to near the Midongy du Sud National Park in the S, 670 km S of Zahamena. Reports of large bamboo lemursfitting this species' description have been filtering in from various other remote sites (e.g. Mananara region).

Distribution. Notably disjunct distribution in Madagascar with separate populations in the N (moister forests of the Sambirano region and in scattered forest fragments on the slopes of the Tsaratanana Massif), the NW (two areas, one ranging from the Manongarivo Special Reserve to the Mahavavy du Nord River, and a more S extension from the Betsiboka River and Ankarafantsika National Park N to the Maevarano River), and the CE (NE of Antananarivo, N of the Mangoro River as far as the Ambatovaky Special Reserve); the distribution in the N part of its range and its relation to the White-fronted Brown Lemur (FE. albifrons) remain unclear; generally speaking, it occurs inland of the range of the White-fronted Brown Lemur, but additional surveys are needed. Introduced on the Comoros Is. in Lemuridae

Distribution. Notably disjunct distribution in Madagascar with separate populations in the N (moister forests of the Sambirano region and in scattered forest fragments on the slopes of the Tsaratanana Massif), the NW (two areas, one ranging from the Manongarivo Special Reserve to the Mahavavy du Nord River, and a more S extension from the Betsiboka River and Ankarafantsika National Park N to the Maevarano River), and the CE (NE of Antananarivo, N of the Mangoro River as far as the Ambatovaky Special Reserve); the distribution in the N part of its range and its relation to the White-fronted Brown Lemur (FE. albifrons) remain unclear; generally speaking, it occurs inland of the range of the White-fronted Brown Lemur, but additional surveys are needed. Introduced on the Comoros Is.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens. in Soricidae

Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens.

opennotspecifiedMar 2019View details →

FIGURES 7–11 in The Plecoptera of Panama. III. The genus Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) in Panama's national parks: 2017 survey results

FIGURES 7–11. Anacroneuria bandido sp. n., male. 7. Head and pronotum. 8. Male sternum 8 with hammer. 9. Aedeagus, venral. 10. Aedeagus, dorsal. 11. Aedeagus, lateral.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2019View details →

FIGURE 16. Sathon oreo A–C in New species of Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) documented through the 'Bush Blitz' surveys of national reserves

FIGURE 16. Sathon oreo A–C: holotype; D: paratype. A. dorsal habitus; B. anterior head. C. metanotum, propodeum and T1– 3; D. lateral habitus.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2019View details →

FIGURE 14. Dolichogenidea lobesiae A in New species of Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) documented through the 'Bush Blitz' surveys of national reserves

FIGURE 14. Dolichogenidea lobesiae A. holotype, dorsal habitus; B. holotype, anterior head; C. paratype, lateral habitus; D. holotype, dorsal meso- and metasoma (in part).