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Phylogenomics and fossil data inform the systematics and geographic range evolution of a diverse Neotropical ant lineage
<p>Recent advances in phylogenomics allow for the use of large amounts of genetic information in phylogenetic inference. Ideally, the increased resolution and accuracy of such inferences facilitate improved understanding of macroevolutionary processes. Here, we integrate ultraconserved elements (UCEs) with fossil and biogeographic range data to explore diversification and geographic range evolution in the diverse turtle ant genus <em>Cephalotes</em>. We focus on the potential role of the uplift of the Panamanian land bridge and the putative ephemeral GAARlandia land bridge linking South America and the Antilles in shaping the evolution in this group. Our phylogenetic analyses provide new resolution to the backbone of the turtle ant phylogeny. We further found that a majority of geographic range shifts between the South America and Central America regions were temporally consistent with the development of the Panamanian land bridge, while we did not find support for the GAARlandia land bridge. Additionally, we did not infer any shifts in diversification rates associated with our focal land bridges, or any other historical events (we inferred a single diversification rate regime across the genus). Our findings highlight the impact of the Panamanian land bridge for <em>Cephalotes</em> geographic range evolution as well as the influence of taxonomic sampling on macroevolutionary inferences. Keywords: Formicidae, Hymenoptera, Biogeography, Biology, Evolution, Phylogeny, Systematics</p>
FIGURE 7 in Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia
FIGURE 7. Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994, male. A, B: hypopygium in dorsal (A) and ventral aspect (B); C: arrangement of anal point, superior volsella and digitus; D: median volsellae; (C–D magnified ca. 2–3 times relative to A and B).
FIGURE 4 in Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia
FIGURE 4. Tanytarsus gnomon sp. nov., male. A, B: hypopygium in dorsal (A) and ventral aspect (B); C: arrangement of anal point, superior volsella and digitus; D: superior volsella and digitus; E, F: median volsella drawn (E) and photographed (F); (C–F magnified ca. 2–3 times relative to A and B).
FIGURE 2 in Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia
FIGURE 2. Tanytarsus colombiensis sp. nov., male. A, B: hypopygium in dorsal (A) and ventral aspect (B); C: arrangement of anal tergite, anal point, superior volsella and digitus; D, E: anal point in dorsal (D) and lateral view (E); F, G: median volsella photographed (F) and drawn (G); (D–G magnified ca. 3 times relative to A and B).
FIGURE 3 in Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia
FIGURE 3. Tanytarsus germani sp. nov., male. A, B: hypopygium in dorsal (A) and ventral aspect (B); C: anal tergite and anal point; D: anal point in dorsal view; E: superior volsella and digitus; F: median volsella; (D–F magnified ca. 2–3 times relative to A and B).
FIGURE 5 in Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia
FIGURE 5. Tanytarsus lulu sp. nov., male. A, B: hypopygium in dorsal (A) and ventral aspect (B); C: anal point; D: superior volsella and digitus; E: median volsella; (C–E magnified ca. 3–4 times relative to A and B).
Fig. 2 in Phylogenomics and Fossil Data Inform the Systematics and Geographic Range Evolution of a Diverse Neotropical Ant Lineage
Fig. 2. MCMCTree time-scaled phylogeny (RAxML topology pruned to one tip per species) with historical biogeographic range inferences from the four-node fossil-constrained BioGeoBEARS analysis mapped onto nodes. An asterisk (*) indicates the location of a fossil node calibration.The light purple shading spans the proposed start and end dates (35–32 Mya) of the GAARlandia land bridge linking South America to the Antilles.The light gold shading spans the potential early start date and the complete closure date of the Panamanian land bridge (10–3.5 Mya).Transitions with boxes outlined in red denote differences from the historical geographic range inference without fossil constraints (Supp Fig. S7 [online only]). A, Antilles; C, Central America; S, South America.
Fig. 3. Phylorate plot from a in Phylogenomics and Fossil Data Inform the Systematics and Geographic Range Evolution of a Diverse Neotropical Ant Lineage
Fig. 3. Phylorate plot from a diversification rate-shift analysis in BAMM. A single rate regime is inferred without any rate shifts detected. Diversification rate gradient legend is in units of species/million years.
Fig. 1 in Phylogenomics and Fossil Data Inform the Systematics and Geographic Range Evolution of a Diverse Neotropical Ant Lineage
Fig. 1. Cephalotes topology inferred with RAxML, with species groups inferred in this study annotated with reference to previous species group designations. Numbers along the phylogeny correspond to species groups listed in the inset. Black circles indicate nodes with bootstrap support <95%, with corresponding bootstrap values displayed. Species (and photo credit) imaged, from top: Cephalotes persimilis de Andrade, 1999 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (April Nobile), Cephalotes pellans de Andrade, 1999 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (April Nobile), Cephalotes pusillus (Klug, 1824) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (April Nobile), Cephalotes guayaki de Andrade, 1999 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (April Nobile), Cephalotes umbraculatus (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Shannon Hartman), Cephalotes manni (Kempf, 1951) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Will Ericson), Cephalotes depressus (Klug, 1824) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Wade Lee), Cephalotes setulifer (Emery, 1894) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Wade Lee),Cephalotes kukulcan (Ryan Perry),Cephalotes multispinosus (Norton, 1868) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Wade Lee), Cephalotes rohweri (Wheeler, 1916) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Wade Lee), Cephalotes complanatus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Wade Lee), Cephalotes clypeatus (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (April Nobile), Cephalotes unimaculatus (Smith, 1853) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Wade Lee), Cephalotes opacus Santschi, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Shannon Hartman). Images from antweb.org under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Accessed August 24, 2020.
Supplementary material 1 from: Estupiñán RA, Ferrari SF, Gonçalves EC, Barbosa MSR, Vallinoto M, Schneider MPC (2016) Evaluating the diversity of Neotropical anurans using DNA barcodes. ZooKeys 637: 89-106. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.637.8637
Data on the specimens examined in the present study : Explanation note: Please note that some of the sequences used in the study are incompletely referenced in the GenBank barcode database because they lack some data and we are unable to rectify this because the samples were collected too long ago (1980s or before) for the missing data to be found.
FIGURES 276–283 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 276–283. Holopothrips varicolor sp. nov. holotype and paratypes. (276) body; (277) head and pronotum; (278) prosternum, showing weakly defined basantra (white arrows); (279) mesonotum; (280) pelta; (281) metanotum; (282) pore plates on abdominal sternites V–VIII; (283) spermatheca.
FIGURES 221–225. Holopothrips porrosati and H in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 221–225. Holopothrips porrosati and H. signatus. (221) Holopothrips porrosati paratype, body; 222–225. Holopothrips signatus paratype and topotype: (222) body; (223) head and pronotum; (224) mesonotum and metanotum; (225) pore plates on abdominal sternites V–VIII.
FIGURES 212–220. Holopothrips permagnus and H. pictus. 212–217 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 212–220. Holopothrips permagnus and H. pictus. 212–217. Holopothrips permagnus paratype: (212) head; (213) pelta; (214) pronotum, showing almost complete to complete epimeral sutures (white arrows); (215) spermatheca; (216) detail of mesonotal and part of metanotal sculpture; (217) mesonotum and metanotum; 218–220. Holopothrips pictus: (218) head and pronotum; (219) mesonotum and metanotum; (220) pelta and abdominal tergites II–III.
FIGURES 191–197 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 191–197. Holopothrips nigrisetis sp. nov. paratypes. (191) body; (192) head and pronotum; (193) mesonotum; (194) pelta; (195) spermatheca; (196) pore plates on abdominal sternites VII–VIII; (197) metanotum.
FIGURES 226–233 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 226–233. Holopothrips punctatus sp. nov. holotype and paratypes. (226) body; (227) head and pronotum; (228) detail of pronotum, showing the forking of the epimeral suture around the base of pa setae (white arrow); (229) mesonotum; (230) pelta; (231) spermatheca; (232) male abdominal sternites VII–VIII, pore plate visible on VII (white arrow) but hidden by internal content on VIII; (233) metanotum.
FIGURES 145–150 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 145–150. Holopothrips kaminskii sp. nov. holotype and paratypes. (145) body (wings not showing due to edition of photo); (146) mesonotum; (147) metanotum; (148) head and pronotum; (149) pelta; (150) spermatheca.
FIGURES 131–137 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 131–137. Holopothrips irregularis sp. nov. holotype and paratypes. (131) body; (132) head and pronotum; (133) mesonotum; (134) metanotum; (135) pelta; (136) spermatheca; (137) male abdominal sternite VIII, showing faint spots, which may be pore plates (white arrows).
FIGURES 120–130. Holopothrips inquilinus, H. inversus and H. jaboticabae. 120–121 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 120–130. Holopothrips inquilinus, H. inversus and H. jaboticabae. 120–121. Holopothrips inquilinus paratype: (120) body; (121) head and pronotum; 122–124. Holopothrips jaboticabae: (122) head and pronotum; (123) mesonotum, metanotum and pelta; (124) tergite II, wing-retaining setae (white arrows); 125–130. Holopothrips inversus paratype: (125) head and pronotum; (126) prosternum, showing basantra (white arrows); (127) mesonotum; (128) metanotum and pelta; (129) pore plates on abdominal sternites VII–VIII; (130) pore plates extending towards abdominal tergite VIII (white arrows).
FIGURES 107–111 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 107–111. Holopothrips inconspicuus sp. nov. holotype and paratypes. (107) body; (108) mesonotum and metanotum; (109) head and pronotum; (110) pelta; (111) spermatheca.
FIGURES 138–144 in Holopothrips diversity-a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing insects (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 138–144. Holopothrips johanseni sp. nov. holotype and paratypes. (138) body; (139) head and pronotum, showing the secondary postocular setae (white arrow); (140) mesonotum and anterior half of metanotum; (141) pore plates on abdominal sternites VI–VIII (black arrows); (142) spermatheca (white arrow); (143) pelta; (144) mesosternum and metasternum, showing the absence of metapleural sutures (white circles).
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.