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5,448 results for “Neuron”
Selective engagement of prefrontal VIP neurons in reversal learning
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The impulse response of optic flow sensitive descending neurons to roll m-sequences
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Data from: Pathways underlying selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease: Contrasting the vulnerable locus coeruleus to the resilient substantia nigra
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Sound improves neuronal encoding of visual stimuli in mouse primary visual cortex
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Descending neurons of the hoverfly respond to pursuits of artificial targets
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Supplementary information for: Multisensory integration by polymodal sensory neurons dictates settlement in actinulae larvae
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Data from: Whole-brain spatial organization of hippocampal single-neuron projectomes
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Accumbal calcium-permeable AMPA receptors orchestrate neuronal ensembles underlying social attachment
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Supplementary materials for Weiss et al, 2020, Neuron Volume 105 issue 1
<p>Supplementary materials for the paper "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.006">Human Olfaction without Apparent Olfactory Bulbs</a>". by Weiss et al, published in Neuron Volume 105 Issue 1, pages 35-45.</p>
Supplemental data S1 to accompany Marin et al 2020 "Connectomics analysis reveals first, second, and third order thermosensory and hygrosensory neurons in the adult Drosophila brain"
<p>Neuronal skeletons and meshes. Related to STAR Methods. marin2020-skeletons contains files describing the morphology of each neuron in this study (in FAFB14 space, .swc format). glomeruli_meshes contains the glomerular meshes (in FAFB14 space, .stl format). neuropil_meshes contains the glomerular meshes (in FAFB14 space, .stl format).</p>
Data from: Dynamic reorganization of neuronal activity patterns in parietal cortex dataset
<p>Neuronal representations change as associations are learned between sensory stimuli and behavioral actions. However, it is poorly understood whether representations for learned associations stabilize in cortical association areas or continue to change following learning. We tracked the activity of posterior parietal cortex neurons for a month as mice stably performed a virtual-navigation task. The relationship between cells' activity and task features was mostly stable on single days but underwent major reorganization over weeks. The neurons informative about task features (trial type and maze locations) changed across days. Despite changes in individual cells, the population activity had statistically similar properties each day and stable information for over a week. As mice learned additional associations, new activity patterns emerged in the neurons used for existing representations without greatly affecting the rate of change of these representations. We propose that dynamic neuronal activity patterns could balance plasticity for learning and stability for memory.</p>
Dataset The Lactate Receptor HCAR1 Modulates Neuronal Network Activity through the Activation of G(α) and G(βγ) Subunits
<p>This dataset is related to the study: </p> <p>"The Lactate Receptor HCAR1 Modulates Neuronal Network Activity through the Activation of G(α) and G(βγ) Subunits" by de Castro Abrantes H, Briquet M, Schmuziger C, Restivo L, Puyal J, Rosenberg N, Rocher AB, Offermanns S, Chatton JY. J Neurosci. 2019 Jun 5;39(23):4422-4433. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2092-18.2019. Epub 2019 Mar 29. PubMed PMID: 30926749; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6554634.</p>
Data set for "Projection-specific activity of layer 2/3 neurons imaged in mouse primary somatosensory barrel cortex during a whisker detection task"
<p>Data set for: Vavladeli A, Daigle T, Zeng H, Crochet S, Petersen CCH (2020) Projection-specific activity of layer 2/3 neurons imaged in mouse primary somatosensory barrel cortex during a whisker detection task. FUNCTION 1: zqaa008. doi: 10.1093/function/zqaa008</p> <p>There are 2 files in this upload:</p> <p>1. The file named "2020_Vavladeli_FUNCTION.pdf" is the Open Access pdf file of the manuscript published in FUNCTION.</p> <p>2. The file named "Vavladeli_data_code.zip" (~2 GB) is a zipped version of a folder named "Vavladeli_data_code" (~2 GB), which contains the data analysed in the study along with the Matlab code used to generate the published figures. When unzipped, the folder contains 8 Matlab '.m' files with analysis code and two '.mat' data files. In order to run the analysis of the data set, you need to execute the '.m' file with the corresponding figure name.</p>
Data from: Developmental loss of neurofibromin across distributed neuronal circuits drives excessive grooming in Drosophila
<p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a monogenetic disorder that predisposes individuals to tumor formation and cognitive and behavioral symptoms. The neuronal circuitry and developmental events underlying these neurological symptoms are unknown. To better understand how mutations of the underlying gene (<i>NF1</i>) drive behavioral alterations, we have examined grooming in the <i>Drosophila</i> neurofibromatosis 1 model. Mutations of the fly <i>NF1</i> ortholog drive excessive grooming, and increased grooming was observed in adults when <i>Nf1</i> was knocked down during development. Furthermore, intact <i>Nf1</i> Ras GAP-related domain signaling was required to maintain normal grooming. The requirement for <i>Nf1</i> was distributed across neuronal circuits, which were additive when targeted in parallel, rather than mapping to discrete microcircuits. Overall, these data suggest that broadly-distributed alterations in neuronal function during development, requiring intact Ras signaling, drive key <i>Nf1</i>-mediated behavioral alterations. Thus, global developmental alterations in brain circuits/systems function may contribute to behavioral phenotypes in neurofibromatosis type 1.</p>
Identification of an inhibitory neuron subtype, the L-stellate cells of the cochlear nucleus
<p>Auditory processing depends upon inhibitory signaling by interneurons, even at its earliest stages in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Remarkably, to date only a single subtype of inhibitory neuron has been documented in the VCN, a projection neuron termed the D-stellate cell. With the use of a transgenic mouse line, optical clearing and imaging techniques, combined with electrophysiological tools, we revealed a population of glycinergic cells in the VCN distinct from the D-stellate cell. These novel multipolar glycinergic cells were smaller in soma size and dendritic area, but over 10-fold more numerous than D-stellate cells. They were activated by auditory nerve fibers and T-stellate cells, and made local inhibitory synaptic contacts on principal cells of the VCN. Given their abundance, combined with their narrow dendritic fields and axonal projections, it is likely that these neurons, here termed L-stellate cells, play a significant role in frequency-specific processing of acoustic signals.</p>
Statistical Laws of Protein Motion in Neuronal Dendritic Trees
<p>Across their dendritic trees, neurons distribute thousands of protein species that are necessary for maintaining synaptic function and plasticity and that need to be produced continuously and trafficked to their final destination. As each dendritic branchpoint splits the protein flow, increasing branchpoints decreases the total protein number downstream. Consequently, a neuron needs to produce more proteins to maintain a minimal protein number at distal synapses. Combining in vitro experiments and a theoretical framework, we show that proteins that diffuse within the cell plasma membrane are, on average, 35% more effective at reaching downstream locations than proteins that diffuse in the cytoplasm. This advantage emerges from a bias for forward motion at branchpoints when proteins diffuse within the plasma membrane. Using 3D electron microscopy (EM) data, we show that pyramidal branching statistics and the diffusion lengths of common proteins fall into a region that minimizes the overall protein need.</p>
Data for "Bayesian inference for biophysical neuron models enables stimulus optimization for retinal neuroprosthetics"
<p>Experimental and precomputed data for the paper "Bayesian inference for biophysical neuron models enables stimulus optimization for retinal neuroprosthetics" by Oesterle et al. 2020 (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.54997">10.7554/eLife.54997</a>).</p> <p>The cone bipolar cell data has been described and published in the paper "Inhibition decorrelates visual feature representations in the inner retina" by Franke et al. 2017 (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21394">10.1038/nature21394</a>). </p> <p>This data is both a supplement to the Oesterle et al. paper and the code for this paper.</p> <p>The code is available in this <a href="http://github.com/berenslab/CBC_inference">GitHub repository</a>.</p> <p>We recommend downloading the GitHub repository and to follow the instructions there.</p>
Encoding and control of airflow orientation by a set of Drosophila fan-shaped body neurons
<p class="Body"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The insect Central Complex (CX) is thought to underlie goal-oriented navigation but its organization is still not fully understood. We recorded from genetically-identified CX cell types in <i>Drosophila</i> and presented directional visual, olfactory, and airflow cues known to elicit orienting behavior. We found that a group of neurons targeting the ventral fan-shaped body (ventral P-FNs) are robustly tuned for airflow direction. Ventral P-FNs did not generate a "map" of airflow direction. Instead, cells in each hemisphere were tuned to 45° ipsilateral, forming a pair of orthogonal bases. Imaging experiments suggest that ventral P-FNs inherit their airflow tuning from neurons that provide input from the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) to the noduli (NO). Silencing ventral P-FNs prevented flies from selecting appropriate corrective turns following changes in airflow direction. Our results identify a group of central complex neurons that robustly encode airflow direction and are required for proper orientation to this stimulus.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Developmental Dieldrin exposure alters DNA methylation at genes related to dopaminergic neuron development and Parkinson's disease in mouse midbrain
Human and animal studies have shown that exposure to the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin is associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite previous work showing a link between developmental dieldrin exposure and increased neuronal susceptibility to MPTP toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice, the mechanism mediating this effect has not been identified. Here, we tested the hypothesis that developmental exposure to dieldrin increases neuronal susceptibility via genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. Starting at 8 weeks of age and prior to mating, female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3 mg/kg dieldrin by feeding (every 3 days) throughout breeding, gestation, and lactation. At 12 weeks of age, pups were sacrificed and ventral mesencephalon, containing primarily substantia nigra, were microdissected. DNA was isolated and dieldrin-related changes in DNA methylation were assessed via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We identified significant, sex-specific differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and regions (DMRs) by developmental dieldrin exposure (FDRNr4a2 and Lmx1b genes, which are involved in dopaminergic neuron development and maintenance. Developmental dieldrin exposure had distinct effects on the male and female epigenome. Together, our data suggest that developmental dieldrin exposure establishes sex-specific poised epigenetic states early in life. These poised epigenomes may mediate sensitivity to subsequent toxic stimuli and contribute to the development of late-life neurodegenerative disease, including PD.
Data from: Spatio-temporal dynamics of impulse responses to figure motion in optic flow neurons
White noise techniques have been used widely to investigate sensory systems in both vertebrates and invertebrates. White noise stimuli are powerful in their ability to rapidly generate data that help the experimenter decipher the spatio-temporal dynamics of neural and behavioral responses. One type of white noise stimuli, maximal length shift register sequences (m-sequences), have recently become particularly popular for extracting response kernels in insect motion vision. We here use such m-sequences to extract the impulse responses to figure motion in hoverfly lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs). Figure motion is behaviorally important and many visually guided animals orient towards salient features in the surround. We show that LPTCs respond robustly to figure motion in the receptive field. The impulse response is scaled down in amplitude when the figure size is reduced, but its time course remains unaltered. However, a low contrast stimulus generates a slower response with a significantly longer time-to-peak and half-width. Impulse responses in females have a slower time-to-peak than males, but are otherwise similar. Finally we show that the shapes of the impulse response to a figure and a widefield stimulus are very similar, suggesting that the figure response could be coded by the same input as the widefield response.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.