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294 results for “Onthophagus”
FIGURE 1. Onthophagus viviensis. A in Additional mislabeling in African Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): the case of Onthophagus viviensis and Onthophagus laevatus
FIGURE 1. Onthophagus viviensis. A, Dorsal habitus of the male; B, dorsal habitus of female; C, lateral habitus of the male; D, dorsal habitus of the lectotype of O. viviensis; E, original labels of the lectotype of O. viviensis; F, lateral view of the parameres; G, frontal view of the parameres; H, endophallites. LC: lamella copulatrix; A: axial; SA: subaxial; SRP: superior right peripheral; FLP: fronto-lateral peripheral; MP: medial peripheral.
FIGURES 12–17 in Dung beetle fauna from Mount Mabu, Mozambique. Part 1: A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, and a checklist of species belonging to group 3 (d'Orbigny 1913) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 12–17. Onthophagus (sensu lato) bufonidius Josso, 2019, holotype (JFJC). 12, habitus, dorsal view; 13–14, aedeagus, 13, parameres, 14, lateral view. Onthophagus (sensu lato) pseudobufonidius Josso, 2019, holotype (MRAC). 15, habitus, dorsal view; 16–17, aedeagus, 16, parameres, 17, lateral view. Photos courtesy of François Génier.
FIGURE 11 in Dung beetle fauna from Mount Mabu, Mozambique. Part 1: A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, and a checklist of species belonging to group 3 (d'Orbigny 1913) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURE 11. View of the landscape and surrounding forest patches on Mount Mabu (photo by W.P. Stŗmpher, 15. iv. 2022).
FIGURES 1–6 in Dung beetle fauna from Mount Mabu, Mozambique. Part 1: A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, and a checklist of species belonging to group 3 (d'Orbigny 1913) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 1–6. Onthophagus (sensu lato) mabuensis Daniel, Stŗmpher & Josso, new species, holotype (BMSA). 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, ventral view; 3–5, aedeagus, dorsal,ventral and lateral views; 6, labels.
FIGURE 10 in Dung beetle fauna from Mount Mabu, Mozambique. Part 1: A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, and a checklist of species belonging to group 3 (d'Orbigny 1913) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURE 10. Distribution map of Onthophagus (sensu lato) mabuensis Daniel, Stŗmpher & Josso, new species.
FIGURES 7–9 in Dung beetle fauna from Mount Mabu, Mozambique. Part 1: A new species of Onthophagus Latreille, 1802, and a checklist of species belonging to group 3 (d'Orbigny 1913) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURES 7–9. Onthophagus (sensu lato) mabuensis Daniel, Stŗmpher & Josso, new species, female, paratype (TMSA). 7, habitus, dorsal view, 8, habitus, ventral view; 9, labels.
Evolution and plasticity of morph-specific integration in the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
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Data from: Intralocus tactical conflict: genetic correlations between fighters and sneakers of the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
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Data from: Resource allocation during ontogeny is influenced by genetic, developmental, and ecological factors in the horned beetle, Onthophagus taurus
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Rapid differentiation of plasticity in life history and morphology during invasive range expansion and concurrent local adaptation in the horned beetle Onthophagus taurus
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Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49 in The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figures 49–59. Onthophagus and Digitonthophagus. 49) O. knausi, dorsal view, male. 50) Same, dorsal view, female. 51) Same oblique frontal view, female. 52) Same, prolegs (A, male; B) female). 53) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 54) D. gazella, dorsal view, male. 55) Same, partial oblique frontal view of forebody. 56) Same, proleg, male. 57) Same, oblique frontal view of female forebody. 58) Same, dorsal view, female. 59) Same, apex of protibia and protarsus (A, female; B, male [arrow marks apical tibial "digit"]).
Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36 in The dung beetle fauna of the Big Bend region of Texas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figures 36–48. Onthophagus. 36) O. brevifrons, dorsal view, male. 37) Same, oblique frontal view. 38) Same, dorsal view of forebody, female. 39) Same, prolegs (A, female; B, male. 40) Same, pronotal sculpturing. 41) O. browni, dorsal view, male. 42) Same, oblique frontal view. 43) Same, oblique frontal view, female. 44) O. velutinus, dorsal view, male. 45) Same, oblique frontal view. 46) Same, dorsal view of female forebody. 47) Same, oblique frontal view. 48) Same, pronotal sculpturing.
Figure 1 in Chromosomal separation of difficult species of Copris Geoffroy, 1762 and Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), with discussion of O. massai Baraud as a British Pleistocene fossil
Figure 1. Map showing the collection sites of the material used in this paper. See Table 1 for explanation of the numbers, and note that neighbouring sites may share the same number.
Data from: Insulin signaling's role in mediating tissue-specific nutritional plasticity and robustness in the horn-polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus
Organisms cope with nutritional variation via developmental plasticity, adjusting trait size to nutrient availability for some traits while enabling others to develop in a nutritionally robust manner. Yet, the developmental mechanisms that regulate organ-specific growth across nutritional gradients remain poorly understood. We assessed the functions of members of the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway (IIS) in the regulation of nutrition sensitivity and robustness in males of the horn-polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus, as well as potential regulatory interactions between IIS and two other growth-regulating pathways: Doublesex and Hedgehog signaling. Using RNA interference (RNAi) we experimentally knocked down both insulin receptors (InR1, InR2) and Foxo, a growth inhibitor. We then performed morphometric measurements on horns, a highly nutrition-sensitive trait, and genitalia, a largely nutrition-insensitive trait. Finally, we used qRT-PCR to assess expression levels of Doublesex and the Hedgehog-signaling gene smoothened following IIS-RNAi. Our results suggest that nutrition responsiveness of both traits is regulated by different IIS components, which transduce nutritional conditions to both Doublesex and Hedgehog pathways, albeit via different IIS pathway members. Combined with previous studies our findings suggest that separate origins of trait exaggeration among insect lineages were enabled through the independent cooption of IIS, yet via reliance on different components therein.
Data from: Brood ball-mediated transmission of microbiome members in the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Insects feeding on plant sap, blood, and other nutritionally incomplete diets are typically associated with mutualistic bacteria that supplement missing nutrients. Herbivorous mammal dung contains more than 86% cellulose and lacks amino acids essential for insect development and reproduction. Yet one of the most ecologically necessary and evolutionarily successful groups of beetles, the dung beetles (Scarabaeinae) feeds primarily, or exclusively, on dung. These associations suggest that dung beetles may benefit from mutualistic bacteria that provide nutrients missing from dung. The nesting behaviors of the female parent and the feeding behaviors of the larvae suggest that a microbiome could be vertically transmitted from the parental female to her offspring through the brood ball. Using sterile rearing and a combination of molecular and culture-based techniques, we examine transmission of the microbiome in the bull-headed dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus. Beetles were reared on autoclaved dung and the microbiome was characterized across development. A ~1425 bp region of the 16S rRNA identified Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Comamonadaceae as the most common bacterial families across all life stages and populations, including cultured isolates from the 3rd instar digestive system. Finer level phylotyping analyses based on lepA and gyrB amplicons of cultured isolates placed the isolates closest to Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia stuartii, Pusillimonas sp., Pedobacter heparinus, and Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Scanning electron micrographs of brood balls constructed from sterile dung reveals secretions and microbes only in the chamber the female prepares for the egg. The use of autoclaved dung for rearing, the presence of microbes in the brood ball and offspring, and identical 16S rRNA sequences in both parent and offspring suggests that the O. taurus female parent transmits specific microbiome members to her offspring through the brood chamber. The transmission of the dung beetle microbiome highlights the maintenance and likely importance of this newly-characterized bacterial community.
Data from: The nutritionally responsive transcriptome of the polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus and the importance of sexual dimorphism and body region
Developmental responses to nutritional variation represent one of the ecologically most important classes of adaptive plasticity. However, knowledge of genome-wide patterns of nutrition-responsive gene expression is limited. Here, we studied genome-wide transcriptional responses to nutritional variation and their dependency on trait and sex in the beetle Onthophagus taurus. We find that averaged across the transcriptome, nutrition contributes less to overall variation in gene expression than do sex or body region, but that for a modest subset of genes nutrition is by far the most important determinant of expression variation. Furthermore, our results reject the hypothesis that a common machinery may underlie nutrition-sensitive development across body regions. Instead, we find that magnitude (measured by number of differentially expressed contigs), composition (measured by functional enrichment) and evolutionary consequences (measured by patterns of sequence variation) are heavily dependent on exactly which body region is considered and the degree of sexual dimorphism observed on a morphological level. More generally, our findings illustrate that studies into the developmental mechanisms and evolutionary consequences of nutrition-biased gene expression must take into account the dynamics and complexities imposed by other sources of variation in gene expression such as sexual dimorphism and trait type.
Figure 3 from: Tello F, Verdú JR, Rossini M, Zunino M (2021) Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): evidence of beetle extinction in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Chilean Northern Patagonia. ZooKeys 1043: 133-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.61706
Figure 3 Artistic reconstruction of Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. and its palaeoenvironment (by Mauricio Alvarez).
Figure 1 from: Tello F, Verdú JR, Rossini M, Zunino M (2021) Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): evidence of beetle extinction in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Chilean Northern Patagonia. ZooKeys 1043: 133-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.61706
Figure 1 Type locality of Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. A shaded elevation map shows Pilauco and Monte Verde sites. Representation of profile of a grid of the Pilauco site B symbol (star) indicates the layer in which Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. was collected.
Figure 2 from: Tello F, Verdú JR, Rossini M, Zunino M (2021) Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): evidence of beetle extinction in the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Chilean Northern Patagonia. ZooKeys 1043: 133-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.61706
Figure 2 Holotype of Onthophagus pilauco sp. nov. A dorsal B ventral and C frontal views D detail of the microsculpture.
FIGURE 5 in Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) medius (Kugelann, 1792) — a good western palaearctic species in the Onthophagus vacca complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini)
FIGURE 5. Phenology of O. vacca and O. medius, n = number of records.
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