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380 results for “Pressure Data”
Data from: Temporal genetic stability in natural populations of the waterflea Daphnia magna in response to strong selection pressure
Studies monitoring changes in genetic diversity and composition through time allow a unique understanding of evolutionary dynamics and persistence of natural populations. However, such studies are often limited to species with short generation times that can be propagated in the laboratory or few exceptional cases in the wild. Species that produce dormant stages provide powerful models for the reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics in the natural environment. A remaining open question is to what extent dormant egg banks are an unbiased representation of populations and hence of the species' evolutionary potential, especially in presence of strong environmental selection. We address this key question using the water flea Daphnia magna, which produces dormant stages that accumulate in biological archives over time. We assess temporal genetic stability in three biological archives, previously used in resurrection ecology studies showing adaptive evolutionary responses to rapid environmental change. We show that neutral genetic diversity does not decline with the age of the population and it is maintained in presence of strong selection. In addition, by comparing temporal genetic stability in hatched and unhatched populations from the same biological archive, we show that dormant egg banks can be consulted to obtain a reliable measure of genetic diversity over time, at least in the multi-decadal time frame studied here. The stability of neutral genetic diversity through time is likely mediated by the buffering effect of the resting egg bank.
Data from: Collective defence portfolios of ant hosts shift with social parasite pressure
Host defences become increasingly costly as parasites breach successive lines of defence. Because selection favours hosts that successfully resist parasitism at the lowest possible cost, escalating coevolutionary arms races are likely to drive host defence portfolios towards ever more expensive strategies. We investigated the interplay between host defence portfolios and social parasite pressure by comparing 17 populations of two Temnothorax ant species. When successful, collective aggression not only prevents parasitation but also spares host colonies the cost of searching for and moving to a new nest site. However, once parasites breach the host's nest defence, host colonies should resort to flight as the more beneficial resistance strategy. We show that under low parasite pressure, host colonies more likely responded to an intruding Protomognathus americanus slavemaker with collective aggression, which prevented the slavemaker from escaping and potentially recruiting nest-mates. However, as parasite pressure increased, ant colonies of both host species became more likely to flee rather than to fight. We conclude that host defence portfolios shift consistently with social parasite pressure, which is in accordance with the degeneration of frontline defences and the evolution of subsequent anti-parasite strategies often invoked in hosts of brood parasites.
Data from: Local human pressures influence gene flow in a hybridizing Daphnia species complex
Anthropogenic environmental changes are considered critical drivers of the genetic structure of populations and communities through, for example, the facilitation of introgressive hybridization between syntopic species. However, the mechanisms by which environmental perturbations trigger changes in the genetic structure of populations and communities, such as the processes that determine the directionality of hybridization and patterns of mitochondrial introgression over many generations, remain largely unexplored. In this study, the changes in genetic structure of hybridizing members of the Daphnia longispina species complex were reconstructed over the last 100 years for three large temperate lakes under strong anthropogenic pressures via paleogenetic analyses of resting egg banks. Drastic changes in the genetic structure of the Daphnia community, associated with hybridization events between D. longispina and D. galeata and subsequent introgression, were detected in Lakes Geneva and Bourget. In Lake Bourget, these changes were induced by the successful establishment of D. galeata with rising phosphorus levels and reinforced by the sensitivity of D. longispina to fish predation pressure. In Lake Geneva, the pattern of hybridization during eutrophication is more likely a function of the original taxonomic composition of the species complex in this lake. Lakes seem to require at least a meso-oligotrophic status to allow D. galeata populations to establish and accordingly no D. galeata genotypes were found in the egg bank of oligotrophic Lake Annecy. In contrast to the generally assumed pattern of unidirectional hybridization in this species complex, bidirectional hybridization was recorded in Lakes Geneva and Bourget. Our results also demonstrate complex genetic trajectories within this species complex and highlight the irreversibility of changes in the genotypic architecture of populations driven by local human pressures. Finally, we show that extensive hybridization and introgression do not necessarily result in a large and homogenous hybrid swarm.
Data from: Propagule pressure and colony social organization are associated with the successful invasion and rapid range expansion of fire ants in China
We characterized patterns of genetic variation in populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta in China using mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci to test predictions as to how propagule pressure and subsequent dispersal following establishment jointly shape the invasion success of this ant in this recently invaded area. Fire ants in Wuchuan (Guangdong province) are genetically differentiated from those found in other large infested areas of China. The immediate source of ants in Wuchuan appears to be somewhere near Texas, which ranks first among states in the southern USA infested states in the exportation of goods to China. Most colonies from spatially distant, outlying areas in China are genetically similar to one another and appear to share a common source (Wuchuan, Guangdong province), suggesting that long-distance jump dispersal has been a prevalent means of recent spread of fire ants in China. Furthermore, most colonies at outlier sites are of the polygyne social form (featuring multiple egg-laying queens per nest), reinforcing the important role of this social form in the successful invasion of new areas and subsequent range expansion following invasion. Several analyses consistently revealed characteristic signatures of genetic bottlenecks for S. invicta populations in China. The results of this study highlight the invasive potential of this pest ant, suggest that the magnitude of international trade may serve as a predictor of propagule pressure and indicate that rates and patterns of subsequent range expansion are partly determined by the interplay between species traits and the trade and transportation networks.
Data from: Benthic communities under anthropogenic pressure show resilience across the Quaternary
The Southeast Pacific is characterized by rich upwelling systems that have sustained and been impacted by human groups for at least 12 ka. Recent fishing and aquaculture practices have put a strain on productive coastal ecosystems from Tongoy Bay, in north-central Chile. We use a temporal baseline to determine whether potential changes to community structure and composition over time are due to anthropogenic factors, natural climatic variations or both. We compiled a database (n = 33 194) with mollusc species abundances from the Mid-Pleistocene, Late Pleistocene, Holocene, dead shell assemblages and live-sampled communities. Species richness was not significantly different, neither were diversity and evenness indices nor rank abundance distributions. There is, however, an increase in relative abundance for the cultured scallop Argopecten, while the previously dominant clam Mulinia is locally very rare. Results suggest that impacts from both natural and anthropogenic stressors need to be better understood if benthic resources are to be preserved. These findings provide the first Pleistocene temporal baseline for the south Pacific that shows that this highly productive system has had the ability to recover from past alterations, suggesting that if monitoring and management practices continue to be implemented, moderately exploited communities from today have hopes for recovery.
Population structure, landscape genomics, and genetic signatures of adaptation to exotic disease pressure in Cornus florida L. – insights from GWAS and GBS data
<p>Understanding the consequences of exotic diseases on native forests is important to evolutionary ecology and conservation biology because exotic pathogens have drastically altered US eastern deciduous forests. Cornus florida L. (flowering dogwood tree) is one such species facing heavy mortality. Characterizing the genetic structure of C. florida populations and identifying the genetic signature of adaptation to dogwood anthracnose (an exotic pathogen responsible for high mortality) remains vital for conservation efforts. By integrating genetic data from genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) of 289 trees across the host species range and distribution of disease, we evaluated the spatial patterns of genetic variation and population genetic structure of C. florida and compared the pattern to the distribution of dogwood anthracnose. Using GWAS and gradient forest analysis, we identified genetic loci under selection and associated with ecological and diseased regions. The results revealed signals of weak genetic differentiation of three or more subgroups nested within two clusters—explaining up to 2-6% of genetic variation. The groups largely corresponded to the regions within and outside the eastern Hot-Continental ecoregion, which also overlapped with areas within and outside the main distribution of dogwood anthracnose. The fungal sequences contained in the GBS data of sampled trees bolstered visual records of disease at sampled locations and were congruent with the reported range of D. destructiva, suggesting fungal sequences within host genomic data were informative for detecting or predicting disease. The genetic diversity between populations at diseased vs. disease-free sites across the range of C. florida showed no significant difference. We identified 72 SNPs from 68 loci putatively under selection, some of which exhibited abrupt turnover in allele frequencies along the borders of the Hot-Continental ecoregion and the range of dogwood anthracnose. One such candidate SNP was independently identified in two prior studies as a possible L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase. While diseased and disease-free areas do not significantly differ in genetic diversity, overall there are slight trends to indicate marginally smaller amounts of genetic diversity in disease-affected areas. Our results were congruent with previous studies that were based on a limited number of genetic markers in revealing high genetic variation and weak population structure in C. florida.</p>
Data from: The planet's stressed river basins: too much pressure or too little adaptive capacity?
Freshwater is one of the most critical elements for sustainable development of ecosystems and societies. River basins, concomitant with administrative zones, form a common unit for freshwater management. So far, no comprehensive, global analysis exists that would link the ecological challenges of the planet's river basins to the capacity of the societies to cope with them. We address this gap by performing a geospatial resilience analysis for a global set of 541 river basins. We use the social‐ecological systems (SES) approach by relating three ecological vulnerability factors (human footprint, natural hazards, water scarcity) with three adaptive capacity factors (governance, economy, human development), based on temporal trajectories from 1990 to 2015. Additionally, we examine resilience by subtracting ecological vulnerability from adaptive capacity. The most striking result is the fundamentally different patterns of controlling factors of the resilience in different developing regions, particularly those of Africa and Asia. Their root causes are particularly low adaptive capacity in Africa, and high ecological vulnerability in Asia. Alarmingly, the difference between those continents grew within the study period. Finally, this study highlights the rapid dynamics of adaptive capacity in comparison to ecological vulnerability, the latter having more inertia. Their fragile balance is of our interest; they can either support or counteract each other depending on the geographic location.
Data from: Genetic evidence for high propagule pressure and long-distance dispersal in monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) invasive populations
The monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) is a successful invasive species that does not exhibit life history traits typically associated with colonizing species (e.g., high reproductive rate or long-distance dispersal capacity). To investigate this apparent paradox, we examined individual and population genetic patterns of microsatellite loci at one native and two invasive sites. More specifically, we aimed to evaluate the role of propagule pressure, sexual monogamy, and long-distance dispersal in monk parakeet invasion success. Our results indicate little loss of genetic variation at invasive sites relative to the native site. We also found strong evidence for sexual monogamy from patterns of relatedness within sites, and no definite cases of extra-pair paternity in either the native site sample or the examined invasive site. Taken together, these patterns directly and indirectly suggest that high propagule pressure has contributed to monk parakeet invasion success. In addition, we found evidence for frequent long-distance dispersal at an invasive site (~100km) that sharply contrasted with previous estimates of smaller dispersal distance made in the native range (~2km), suggesting long-range dispersal also contributes to the species' spread within the United States. Overall, these results add to a growing body of literature pointing to the important role of propagule pressure in determining, and thus predicting, invasion success, especially for species whose life history traits are not typically associated with invasiveness.
Data from: Environmental perturbation, grazing pressure and soil wetness jointly drive mountain tundra toward divergent alternative states
1. Plant communities are structured by complex interactions between multiple factors, which veil our understanding of the effects of environmental changes on communities and ecosystems. Besides the relative role of biotic and abiotic factors as community-structuring processes, addressing how they jointly affect the ecological resilience and resistance of plant communities is crucial to understand better the long-term response of communities facing global changes. 2. Here, we used the results from a long-term (23 years) perturbation experiment set up in Fennoscandian mountain tundra to test these mechanisms. The experiment consisted of a transplantation of twenty blocks of Vaccinium myrtillus heath vegetation including upper soil layer from a lower elevation tundra heath habitat to a snowbed habitat 150 m higher in elevation where V. myrtillus lies at its upper limit. In the snowbed with contrasting levels of soil wetness, half of the transplanted blocks were protected from mammalian herbivores. 3. Our results revealed that in addition to the important role of environmental conditions as a structuring force, the joint effects of multiple drivers resulted in divergent patterns in both plant functional composition and species diversity among transplanted communities. Under environmental perturbation (i.e. transplantation to snowbed), the heath vegetation was altered by grazing pressure that reduced the cover of shrubs (especially V. myrtillus). In grazed dry snowbed, a species rich community with high functional type evenness and diversity developed. Reversely, in dry exclosures, V. myrtillus gained high dominance associated with only few graminoids and forbs. In wet snowbed conditions, shrubs tended to decline both in grazed plots and exclosures whereas bryophytes attained high abundance. Grazing promoted species richness while soil waterlogging tended to promote among-plot heterogeneity (β-diversity) which was highest in wet exclosures. 4. Synthesis Our long-term experiment reveals that environmental perturbation, grazing and soil wetness exhibit joint effects that induce divergent trajectories of tundra plant communities. We suggest that a strong environmental perturbation triggers mountain tundra heath community to move away from its equilibrium state. The outcome of this shift depends on the interplay between grazing pressure and soil wetness that drive tundra plant communities toward divergent alternative states.
Pressure-induced amorphisation and a new high density amorphous metallic phase in matrix-free Ge nanoparticles: simulation data
<p>The folder contains:</p> <p>-Pseudopotential files for Ge and H in the .recpot format used in all calculations.</p> <p>-Input and output files for constant enthalpy geometry relaxations of hydrogenated Ge nanocrystals using the electronic enthalpy method within ONETEP (version 3.3).</p> <p>-Input and output files for the DFPT calculations performed with CASTEP (version 6.01).</p>
Khat and Blood Pressure data
<p>Database to confirm conclusion</p>
Simulation data for: "Piezochromic effects in CdS nanocrystals: the roles of size, ligands and pressure"
<p>This folder contains all the input and output files for the simulations performed in the publication "Piezochromic effects in CdS nanocrystals: the roles of size, ligands and pressure". The data is organised as follows: /pseudos contains the PAW potentials used in all calculations</p> <p>/Geom_relax contains the data for the BFGS optimization of all nanocrystals under pressure using the electronic enthalpy method and optimizing in steps of 1GPa or above from 0 to 15GPa</p> <p>/COND contains the data for the conduction space optimization performed on the structures relaxed at various pressures</p> <p>/LDOS contains the data for the projected DOS obtained from a joint valence-conduction basis where the DOS has been decomposed in terms of the chemical environment of atoms (eg core,surface, corner, Cd, S, etc...). A 0.1 eV Gaussian smearing is applied for generating plots.</p> <p>/TDDFT contains the LR-TDDFT calculations using the optimized valence-conduction basis following Geometry relaxation and conduction optimization. The absorption spectra are obtained by convolving a Gaussian of 0.05 eV on the stick spectra obtained at the end of calculations. Please refer to the user manuals on the ONETEP website (www.onetep.org) for further details regarding how to perform these calculations</p> <p>All calculations were performed with ONETEP version 3.1 or above (specified in the output of each calculation).</p>
Data and code for: Photoacclimation dynamics in coral holobionts responding to thermal and irradiance changes correlate with photon pressure per symbiont
<p>Code and data used in the publication "Photoacclimation dynamics in coral holobionts responding to thermal and irradiance changes correlate with photon pressure per symbiont". For queries about this dataset please email robert.mason1@uq.net.au</p>
Data from: Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between palmitic acid and high pressure CO2
<p>In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to explore the interaction characteristics of palmitic acid and CO2, and the effects of temperature and pressure on the solubility of palmitic acid in CO2 were investigated. In the range of 293K-353K and 5MPa-30MPa, the snapshot of palmitic acid distribution in CO2 shows that the molecular chain of palmitic acid in high-density CO2 system is more straight and more dispersed than that in low-density CO2 system. The radial distribution function further clearly shows that the solubility of palmitic acid in CO2 decreases with the increase of temperature and increases with the increase of pressure, which is consistent with the fatty acid solubility data reported in the literature and the setting rules of supercritical CO2 extraction process conditions. As the temperature decreases and the pressure increases, the interaction energy between palmitic acid and CO2 increases, which is conducive to overcoming the intermolecular force of palmitic acid and promoting dissolution. The solubility parameters of palmitic acid and CO2 can better reflect the trend of palmitic acid solubility changing with temperature and pressure, which can play a guiding role in the determination of process conditions and even the development of new processes.</p>
Data associated with the study, "Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Detecting Progression Toward Hypovolemic Cardiovascular Instability In A Lower Body Negative Pressure Model".
<p>Raw data associated with the study entitled "Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Detecting Progression Toward Hypovolemic Cardiovascular Instability In A Lower Body Negative Pressure Model". There were 16 subjects with 1. electrocardiogram (ECG), 2. mean arterial pressure (MAP), 3) photoplethysmography (pleth), 4) Bioimpedance Cardiography measured via a Cheetah (Startling/Medtronic) system referred to as cheetah, 5) electrical impedance from a Sentec electrical impedance tomography system, referred to as ST, and electrical impedance from a sciospec impedance analyzer, referred to as SS. Each subject underwent a lower body negative pressure (LBNP) procedure, where the LBNP was increased modeling a small hemorrhage by drawing blood to their lower extremeties. The dataset contains 5 mat (MATLAB data files), with time reported in minutes on the day of the study, i.e.10 am = 600 minutes. The file details are as follows:</p><ul><li><strong>LBNP data</strong>: LBNP_level_times.mat. The data contains 1 structure (LBNPinf) of length 16 (corresponding to each subject) with the following fields<ul><li>ts: time vector in minutes</li><li>lbnp: LBNP value at each noted time</li></ul></li><li><strong>Vital Sign data</strong>: raw_labchart_data.mat. The data contains 1 structure array (Labchart) of length 16 (corresponding to each subject) with the following fields<ul><li>ts: time vector in minutes</li><li>ecgs: ECG data</li><li>MAP: MAP data</li><li>pleth: pleth data recorded from a single channel (V)</li></ul></li><li><strong>Sentec EIT data</strong>: raw_av_ST_impedance_data.mat. The data contains 1 structure array (STout) of length 16 (corresponding to each subject) with the following fields<ul><li>t_thx: time vector in minutes corresponding to thorax data</li><li>Z_thx: average impedance data at each time over the thorax</li><li>t_spl: time vector in minutes corresponding to abdomen data</li><li>Z_spl: average impedance data at each time over the abdomen</li></ul></li><li><strong>Sciospec EIS data</strong>: raw_sciospec_dat.mat. The data contains 1 cell array & 1 structure array (sciodat) of length 16 (corresponding to each subject).<ul><li>Cell array: Locations of the Sciospec measurements: 'Thoracic', 'Abdominal', 'Arm'</li><li>Sciodat fields:<ul><li>sciodat structure array of length 3 corresponding to the 'Thoracic', 'Abdominal', 'Arm' locations, respectively. Each component has the following fields<ul><li>tvec: time vector in minutes</li><li>fs: frequencies that the impedance is recorded over (Hz)</li><li>Zmat: matrix of impedance data size time versus frequency</li><li>erflg: not used</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><strong>Bioimpedance cardiography data</strong>: raw_cheetah_bioimpedance.mat. The data contains a cell array of column labels (col_labs, 1x11) and a matrix (cheetah_db) of the BC data.</li></ul><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Fitacf data for "Ionospheric Flow Vortex Induced by the Sudden Decrease in the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure"
<p>This is the SuperDARN dataset in fitacf format (2.5) from the Hankasalmi radar. The data is used in the publication: Jin, Y., Moen, J. I., Spicher, A., Liu, J., Clausen, L. B. N., & Miloch, W. J. (2023). Ionospheric flow vortex induced by the sudden decrease in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031690. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031690</p>
Data for "Northern Pacific Sea-level Pressure Controls Rain-on-Snow in North America"
<p>This is the data for the following work. </p> <p>Rasiya Koya, S., Kar, K.K. & Roy, T. Northern Pacific sea-level pressure controls rain-on-snow in North America. Commun Earth Environ 5, 260 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01431-6</p>
Supplementary data for: Identification of genes, cell types, and phenotypes under selective pressure across primate evolution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
the data of "High-pressure behavior of synthetic quenchable hydroxylbastnasite-(Sm): Implications for rare earth elements, carbon, and water transmission into the deep earth"
<p>This is the package of the Raman data of synthesized Sm(CO<sub>3</sub>)OH at high-pressure and ambient temperature and synchrotron radiation X-Ray data of synthesized Sm(CO<sub>3</sub>)OH at high-pressure and ambient temperature, they are in *.asc and *.chi respectively.</p>
Data set releted to article "Pressure overload activates DNA-damage response in cardiac stromal cells"
<p>Repository data from a study on effects of pressure overload on DNA-damage activation in cardiac stromal cells</p>
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