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1,092 results for “The Sun”
Data from: Effects of sun angle, lunar illumination, and diurnal temperature on temporal movement rates of sympatric ocelots and bobcats in South Texas
<p>Sympatric ocelots (<i>Leopardus pardalis</i>) and bobcats (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) in South Texas show substantial overlap in body size, food habits, and habitat use. Consequently, we explore whether temporal niche partitioning may explain ocelot and bobcat coexistence. We investigated the influence of sun angle, lunar illumination, and maximum diurnal temperature on temporal movement rates of sympatric ocelots (n = 8) and bobcats (n = 6) using a combination of high-frequency GPS locations and bi-axial accelerometer data. We demonstrated that accelerometer data could be used to predict movement rates, providing a nearly continuous measure of animal activity and supplementing GPS locations. Ocelots showed a strong nocturnal activity pattern with the highest movement rates at night whereas bobcats showed a crepuscular activity pattern with the highest movement rates occurring around sunrise and sunset. Although bobcat activity levels were lower during the day, bobcat diurnal activity was higher than ocelot diurnal activity. During warmer months, bobcats were more active on nights with high levels of lunar illumination. In contrast, ocelots showed the highest nocturnal activity levels during periods of low lunar illumination. Ocelots showed reduced diurnal activity on hotter days. Our results indicate that ocelot and bobcat coexistence in South Texas can be partially explained by temporal niche partitioning, although both felids showed periods of overlapping activity during nocturnal and crepuscular periods.</p>
Population and landscape genetic analysis of the Malayan sun bear Helarctos malayanus
<p>Conservation genetics can provide data needed by conservation practitioners for their decisions regarding the management of vulnerable or endangered species, such as the sun bear <i>Helarctos malayanus</i>. Throughout its range, the sun bear is threatened by loss and fragmentation of its habitat and the illegal trade of both live bears and bear parts. Sharply declining population numbers and population sizes, and a lack of natural dispersal between populations all threaten the genetic diversity of the remaining populations of this species. In this first population genetics study of sun bears using microsatellite markers, we analyzed 68 sun bear samples from Cambodia to investigate population structure and genetic diversity. We found evidence for two genetically distinct populations in the West and East of Cambodia. Ongoing or recent gene flow between these populations does not appear sufficient to alleviate loss of diversity in these populations, one of which (West Cambodia) is characterized by significant inbreeding. We were able to assign 85% of sun bears of unknown origin to one of the two populations with high confidence (assignment probability ≥ 85%), providing valuable information for the release of bears. Further, our results suggest that developed land (mostly agricultural mosaics) acts as a barrier to gene flow for sun bears in Cambodia. We highlight that regional sun bear conservation action plans should consider promoting population connectivity and enforcing wildlife protection of this threatened species.</p>
Data from: Does sun glare increase antipredator behaviour in prey?
As the sun gradually lowers over the horizon, prey species with more sun in their eyes should have more difficulty in visually monitoring their surroundings for threats and thus experience a higher predation risk. In a unique setting, I could examine changes in antipredator behaviour in a prey species, the semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla, facing attacks by peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus, which originated from the general direction of the lowering sun. I predicted gradual changes in antipredator behaviour as sun glare becomes more problematic later in the day. As the day progressed, sandpipers occurred in sparser groups when the sun glared but not when clouds obscured the sun, suggesting that fewer individuals engaged in risky foraging. Pecking rate and foraging success decreased later in the day when the sun glared but not otherwise implying an increase in vigilance at the expense of foraging. When more sun hit their eyes, sandpipers also moved faster suggesting increased skittishness. The sun glare effect might be relevant to any species foraging in open areas not only when the sun sets but also when it rises especially if predators can target prey species at these vulnerable times. The temporal gradient in predation risk that the sun glare effect creates might thus apply broadly and have important consequences for antipredator vigilance, foraging efficiency, and habitat use.
Data from: The challenge of species delimitation at the extremes: diversification without morphological change in Philippine sun skinks
Species represent one of the fundamental units of the evolutionary process, and an accurate understanding of species diversity is essential to studies across a wide range of biological subdisciplines. However, delimiting species remains challenging in evolutionary radiations where morphological diversification is rapid and accompanied by little genetic differentiation or when genetic lineage divergence is not accompanied by morphological change. We investigate the utility of a variety of recently developed approaches to examine genetic and morphological diversity, and delimit species in a morphologically conserved group of Southeast Asian lizards. We find that species diversity is vastly underestimated in this unique evolutionary radiation, and find an extreme case where extensive genetic divergence among lineages has been accompanied by little to no differentiation in external morphology. Although we note that different conclusions can be drawn when species are delimited using molecular phylogenetics, coalescent-based methods, or morphological data, it is clear that the use of a pluralistic approach leads to a more comprehensive appraisal of biodiversity, and greater appreciation for processes of diversification in this biologically important geographic region. Similarly, our approach demonstrates how recently developed methodologies can be utilized to obtain robust estimates of species limits in "non-adaptive" or "cryptic" evolutionary radiations.
Sun & Moon
Piéce d'art de la Collégiale de Bueil en Touraine. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 3 in A new family of poecilostomatoid copepods (Strepidae fam. nov.) associated with the sun coral, Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, 1829 in Taiwan
FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree of 75 species of Copepoda based on 18S rDNA sequences. Numbers below nodes represent support based on 1,000 bootstraps; only boot strap values higher than 70 are indicated on the nodes.
FIGURE 2 in A new family of poecilostomatoid copepods (Strepidae fam. nov.) associated with the sun coral, Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, 1829 in Taiwan
FIGURE 2. Strepus elongatus gen. et sp. nov. (female, A–B; male, C–E). A, maxilla; B, maxilliped; C, habitus, lateral; D, leg 1; E, leg 2. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.02 mm; C = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new family of poecilostomatoid copepods (Strepidae fam. nov.) associated with the sun coral, Tubastraea coccinea Lesson, 1829 in Taiwan
FIGURE 1. Strepus elongatus gen. et sp. nov. (female). A, habitus, dorsal; B, habitus, lateral; C, urosome; D, caudal ramus; E, cephalosome, ventral; F, cephalosome, lateral; G, rostrum and antennule (dot indicating position of aesthetasc in male); H, antenna; I, mandible; J, maxillule. A1 = antennule, A2 = antenna, MD = mandible, MX1 = maxillule, MX2 = maxilla, MXPD = maxilliped. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C = 0.2 mm; D–E = 0.04 mm; F = 0.1 mm; G–J = 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of sun-spider from sand dunes in Coahuila, Mexico, (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
FIGURE 3. Eremocosta arenarum sp. nov. Detail of male cheliceral fixed finger, showing the mesoventral groove.
FIGURES 1–2 in A new species of sun-spider from sand dunes in Coahuila, Mexico, (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
FIGURES 1–2. Eremocosta arenarum sp. nov. 1 Ectal view of right male chelicera lateral view, 2 Mesal view of right male chelicera. Scale 1mm.
FIGURES 5–6 in A new species of sun-spider from sand dunes in Coahuila, Mexico, (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
FIGURES 5–6.Eremocosta arenarum sp. nov. 5 Ectal view of right chelicerae of the putative female, 6 Mesal view of right putative female chelicera. Scale 1mm.
FIGURES 30–31 in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURES 30–31. Phytophysiognomies in the type locality, Serra das Confusões National Park, where Solifugae were collected. 30. Arboreal Caatinga. 31. Shrubland Caatinga. (Photographs by Marcélia B. Silva).
FIGURE 29 in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 29. Superimposition of consensus configurations of landmarks of Mummucia tyaiassu n.sp. and Metacleobis fulvipes.
FIGURE 28 in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 28. Morphospace of principal components (CPs) 1 and 2 resulting from multivariate comparison between Mummucia ibirapemussu n.sp. (white circles) and Metacleobis fulvipes (black circles). Score ranges of each principal component are in its respective axis and its relative contribution to the total variability are between brackets.
FIGURES 13–18. Mummucia ibirapemussu n in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURES 13–18. Mummucia ibirapemussu n. sp.. 13. Male chelicera, mesal view. 14. Opened male chelicera, mesal view. 15. Detail of the fixed finger of the male chelicera, mesal view. 16. Detail of the apical portion of the flagellum, dorsal view. 17. Right malleolus V, male individual. 18. Tracheal spiracle opening, male individual, ventral view.
FIGURES 2–8. Mummucia ibirapemussu n in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURES 2–8. Mummucia ibirapemussu n. sp. 2. Male habitus, dorsal view. 3. Male opisthosoma, left lateral view. 4. Female opisthosoma, left lateral view. 5. Male leg III. 6. Male leg IV. 7. Right malleolus V of male holotype. 8. Genital operculum of female. Scale bars: Figs. 2–6, 0.5 mm. Figs. 7–8, 0.25 mm.
FIGURES 25–26. Mummucia ibirapemussu n in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURES 25–26. Mummucia ibirapemussu n. sp.. 25. Ocular tubercle. 26. Telotarsus IV, adult male, lateral view; arrows indicates the two distal tarsomeres.
FIGURES 9–12. Mummucia ibirapemussu n in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURES 9–12. Mummucia ibirapemussu n. sp., left chelicerae. 9. Male holotype, ectal view. 10. Same, mesal view. 11. Female paratype, ectal view. 12. Same, mesal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURES 19–24. Mummucia ibirapemussu n in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURES 19–24. Mummucia ibirapemussu n. sp.. 19. Female chelicera, mesal view. 20. Opened female chelicera, ectal view. 21. Detail of the fixed finger of the female chelicera, ectal view. 22. Detail of the movable finger of the female chelicera, ectal view. 23. Female genitalia, ventral view. Arrows indicates the two longitudinal openings. 24. Ctenidia (arrow), male individual, ventral view.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of the sun-spider genus Mummucia (Arachnida: Solifugae: Mummucidae) from Piauí, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Propeltidium of Mummucia ibirapemussu n. sp. (male) with the eight landmarks chosen for geometric morphometrics.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.