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225 results for “aboveground biomass”
Effects of disturbances on aboveground biomass of alpine meadow in the Yellow River Source Zone, Western China
<p>Dataset for ''Effects of disturbances on aboveground biomass of alpine meadow in the Yellow River Source Zone, Western China''</p>
Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
<p>The interplay between top-down and bottom-up processes determines ecosystem productivity. Yet, the factors that mediate the balance between these opposing forces remain poorly understood. Furthering this challenge, complex and often cryptic factors like ecosystem engineering and trait-mediated interactions may play major roles in mediating the outcomes of top-down and bottom-up interactions. In semi-arid grasslands of northeastern China, we conducted a large-scale, three-year experiment to evaluate how soil engineering by ants and plasticity in plants independently and jointly influenced the top-down effects of grazing by a ubiquitous herbivore (cattle) on aboveground standing biomass of the dominant perennial grass, <i><span>Leymus chinensis</span></i>. Herbivory had strong top-down effects, reducing <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i> AB by 25% relative to baseline levels without cattle or ants. In contrast, soil engineering by ants facilitated weak bottom-up effects in the absence of herbivory. However, in the presence of herbivory, soil engineering effects were strong enough to fully offset herbivore removal of aboveground biomass. This outcome was mediated by <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i>'s plasticity in reallocating growth from below- to aboveground biomass, a result linked to additive effects of engineers and herbivores increasing soil N availability and engineering effects improving soil structure. Soil engineering increased soil N by 12%, promoting aboveground biomass. Herbivores increased soil N by 13% via defecation, but this increase failed to offset their reductions in aboveground biomass in isolation. However, when combined, engineers and herbivores increased soil N by 26% and engineers improved soil bulk density, facilitating <i><span>L. chinensis</span></i> to shift resource allocations from below- to aboveground biomass sufficiently to fully offset herbivore suppression of aboveground biomass. Our results demonstrate that soil engineering and trait-mediated effects of plant plasticity can strongly mediate the outcome of top-down and bottom-up interactions. These cryptic but perhaps ubiquitous processes may help to explain the long-debated phenomenon of plant compensatory responses to large grazers. </p>
Data for: Climate and forest attributes influence aboveground biomass of deciduous broadleaf forests in China
<p>Forests provide a huge carbon pool, a substantial portion of which is stored in aboveground biomass (AGB). Deciduous broadleaf forests in China are an essential component of global deciduous broadleaf forests, yet the impacts of climate and forest attributes on their AGB are not well understood.</p> <p>Using a comprehensive forest inventory database available from 772 plots distributed across the temperate and subtropical deciduous broadleaf forests in China (23.51°-42.53° N and 104.24°-128.27° E), we applied variance partitioning analysis, model selection analysis and structural equation models to explore how AGB was associated with climate and forest attributes (species diversity, community-level functional traits, and stand structures) in different climatic regions (semi-arid forests, semi-humid forests and humid forests).</p> <p>Community-level functional traits and stand structures together explained a great portion of the variance in AGB. The effect of community-level functional traits was greater than that of stand structures in semi-arid forests and semi-humid forests, but smaller in humid forests. Further analyses showed that community-level maximum tree height, stem density and tree size inequality were the best explanatory variables. Although climate and species diversity had only minor effects, the direct positive effect of mean annual precipitation (MAP) was still important, especially in semi-arid forests.</p> <p><em><strong>Synthesis.</strong></em> Community-level functional traits but not species diversity were key drivers of AGB, indicating that tree species diversity loss may not impair AGB substantially in deciduous broadleaf forests in China. Moreover, stand structures had also strong effects on AGB in both semi-arid forests and humid forests, highlighting the importance of structural complexity. In addition, MAP had a direct positive effect on AGB in semi-arid forests and semi-humid forests, and a future predicted increase in drought might potentially reduce carbon storage in these forests.</p>
Data from: Developing allometric models to predict the individual aboveground biomass of shrubs worldwide
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Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass
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Data from: Does functional trait diversity predict aboveground biomass and productivity of tropical forests? Testing three alternative hypotheses
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Phosphorus allocation to and resorption from leaves regulate the residence time of phosphorus in aboveground forest biomass on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo
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Heating Arrays Aboveground Biomass Data
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Data for: Climate and forest attributes influence aboveground biomass of deciduous broadleaf forests in China
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Tree regeneration after fire: Aspen removal experiment, aboveground biomass of seedlings from sown seed
This research was intended to address the general question of whether asexual stem regeneration of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) reduces rates of establishment and growth of potential invading conifer species during the initial years following fire. Interactions between aspen and conifers were studied under natural conditions in a burned aspen stand with a high potential for aspen re-sprouting. The study contributes to our understanding of whether competitive interactions between tree seedlings are likely to help maintain deciduous stands across disturbance cycles by reducing the potential for successful conifer establishment. Data are total aboveground biomass (g dry weight) of seedlings derived from sown seed (leaves and stems combined). Values are averages of all seedlings in a plot. In control plots, BS and WS were pooled (indicated as SPR).
Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen:Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Assessing the use of bison for savanna restoration at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve: Aboveground Biomass
Oak savanna is the most threatened ecosystem in Minnesota and fire, alone, is not restoring and preserving it. Our savanna restoration research started more than a half century ago in what had once been native savanna at Cedar Creek. It has shown that burning about 4 to 7 times per decade eliminates shrubs and non-savanna tree species and restores prairie grassland species. However, our 50 years of research is also showing that these frequent and intense fires are preventing oaks from regenerating. Bison are now known to be a keystone species for restoring and preserving grasslands, but their roles in savanna ecosystems remain unknown. In grasslands, bison preferentially graze the dominant warm season grasses that would otherwise outcompete wildflowers, thereby promoting plant coexistence and enhancing plant diversity. Here we propose to test whether bison grazing might promote the growth and survivorship of oak seedlings in burned savannas by reducing grass fuel for fires and by knocking back dominant grass competitors. We will maintain the existing fire frequencies and the design of the long-term burning experiment, while adding bison grazing as an additional factor in part of several burn units on the southeast side of the property. Bison will graze during the summer and early fall seasons. Grazing exclosures will be established, and oak seedlings will be planted, to test effects of bison grazing on early oak growth and survivorship. The outcomes we plan to achieve are to: (1) discover better restoration and preservation practices for savanna ecosystems; (2) determine how these practices impact savanna biodiversity; and (3) educate Minnesotans about the ecological heritage of their state, including the roles that bison, fire and biodiversity play in the functioning of savannas and other Minnesota ecosystems. We will achieve these goals and outcomes by: (1) restoring bison grazing to 200 acres of oak savanna; (2) experimentally testing whether bison grazing promot
GEDI L4A Footprint Level Aboveground Biomass Density, Version 1
This dataset contains Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Level 4A (L4A) predictions of the aboveground biomass density (AGBD; in Mg/ha) and estimates of the prediction standard error within each sampled geolocated laser footprint. The footprints are located within the global latitude band observed by the International Space Station (ISS), nominally 51.6 degrees N and S and reported for the period 2019-04-18 to 2020-09-02. The GEDI instrument consists of three lasers producing a total of eight beam ground transects, which instantaneously sample eight ~25 m footprints spaced approximately every 60 m along-track. The GEDI beam transects are spaced approximately 600 m apart on the Earth's surface in the cross-track direction, for an across-track width of ~4.2 km. Footprint AGBD was derived from parametric models that relate simulated GEDI Level 2A (L2A) waveform relative height (RH) metrics to field plot estimates of AGBD. Height metrics from simulated waveforms associated with field estimates of AGBD from multiple regions and plant functional types (PFT) were compiled to generate a calibration dataset for models representing the combinations of world regions and PFTs (i.e., deciduous broadleaf trees, evergreen broadleaf trees, evergreen needleleaf trees, deciduous needleleaf trees, and the combination of grasslands, shrubs, and woodlands).
GEDI L4A Footprint Level Aboveground Biomass Density, Version 2
This dataset contains Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Level 4A (L4A) Version 2 predictions of the aboveground biomass density (AGBD; in Mg/ha) and estimates of the prediction standard error within each sampled geolocated laser footprint. In this version, the granules are in sub-orbits. The algorithm setting group selection used for GEDI02_A Version 2 has been modified for Evergreen Broadleaf Trees in South America to reduce false positive errors resulting from the selection of waveform modes above ground elevation as the lowest mode. The footprints are located within the global latitude band observed by the International Space Station (ISS), nominally 51.6 degrees N and S and reported for the period 2019-04-18 to 2021-08-05. The GEDI instrument consists of three lasers producing a total of eight beam ground transects, which instantaneously sample eight ~25 m footprints spaced approximately every 60 m along-track. The GEDI beam transects are spaced approximately 600 m apart on the Earth's surface in the cross-track direction, for an across-track width of ~4.2 km. Footprint AGBD was derived from parametric models that relate simulated GEDI Level 2A (L2A) waveform relative height (RH) metrics to field plot estimates of AGBD. Height metrics from simulated waveforms associated with field estimates of AGBD from multiple regions and plant functional types (PFTs) were compiled to generate a calibration dataset for models representing the combinations of world regions and PFTs (i.e., deciduous broadleaf trees, evergreen broadleaf trees, evergreen needleleaf trees, deciduous needleleaf trees, and the combination of grasslands, shrubs, and woodlands). For each of the eight beams, additional data are reported with the AGBD estimates, including the associated uncertainty metrics, quality flags, model inputs, and other information about the GEDI L2A waveform for this selected algorithm setting group. Model inputs include the scaled and transformed GEDI L2A RH metrics, footprint geolocation variables and land cover input data including PFTs and the world region identifiers. Additional model outputs include the AGBD predictions for each of the six GEDI L2A algorithm setting groups with AGBD in natural and transformed units and associated prediction uncertainty for each GEDI L2A algorithm setting group. Providing these ancillary data products will allow users to evaluate and select alternative algorithm setting groups. Also provided are outputs of parameters and variables from the L4A models used to generate AGBD predictions that are required as input to the GEDI04_B algorithm to generate 1-km gridded products. Note that there are 351 granules in this release affected by duplicate GEDI shots for selected days (2020-297 to 2020-300, 2020-365, and 2021-106).
Evaluating the Accuracy of Different Number of GEDI Footprints for Interpolation and Aboveground Biomass Estimation: A Case Study from Shangri-La
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Community species diversity mediates the trade-off between aboveground and belowground biomass for grasses and forbs in degraded alpine meadow, Tibetan Plateau
<p>Although many empirical experiments have shown that increasing degradation results in lower aboveground biomass (AGB), our knowledge of the magnitude of belowground biomass (BGB) for individual plants is a prerequisite for accurately revealing the biomass trade-off in degraded grasslands. Here, by linking the AGB and BGB of individual plants, species in the community, and soil properties, we explored the biomass partitioning patterns in different plant functional groups (grasses of <i>Stipa capillacea</i> and forbs of <i>Anaphalis xylorhiza</i>). Our results indicated that 81% and 60% of the biomass trade-off variations could be explained by environmental factors affecting grasses and forbs, respectively. The change in community species diversity dominated the biomass trade-off via either direct or indirect effects on soil properties and biomass. However, the community species diversity imparted divergent effects on the biomass trade-off for grasses (scored at -0.72) and forbs (scored at 0.59). Our findings suggest that plant communities have evolved two contrasting strategies of biomass allocation patterns in degraded grasslands. These are the "conservative" strategy in grasses, in which plants with larger BGB trade-off depends on gigantic roots for soil resources, and the "opportunistic" strategy in forbs, in which plants can adapt to degraded lands using high variation and optimal biomass allocation.</p>
Tree-ring-based annual aboveground biomass increment maps in North America
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Data from: Aboveground biomass is driven by mass-ratio effects and stand structural attributes in a temperate deciduous forest
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Community species diversity mediates the trade-off between aboveground and belowground biomass for grasses and forbs in degraded alpine meadow, Tibetan Plateau
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Siberian Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass and Fire Scar Maps, Russia, 1969-2007
This data set provides 30-meter resolution mapped estimates of Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi) aboveground biomass (AGB), circa 2007, and a map of burn perimeters for 116 forest fires that occurred from 1966-2007. The data cover ~100,000 km2 of the Kolyma River Basin in northeastern Siberia, Sakha Republic, Russia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.