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183 results for “arctic tundra”
Alpine and Arctic tundra shrub populations show similar ontogenetic growth trends but differing absolute growth rates and lifespan
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Supplementary material 1 from: Ancin-Murguzur FJ, Hausner VH (2020) Research gaps and trends in the Arctic tundra: a topic-modelling approach. One Ecosystem 5: e57117. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e57117
Supplementary table 1
Data from: Urine is an important nitrogen source for plants irrespective of vegetation composition in an Arctic tundra: insights from a 15N-enriched urea tracer experiment
1. Mammalian herbivores can strongly influence nitrogen (N) cycling and herbivore urine could be a central component of the N cycle in grazed ecosystems. Despite its potential role for ecosystem productivity and functioning, the fate of N derived from urine has rarely been investigated in grazed ecosystems. 2. This study explored the fate of <sup>15</sup>N-enriched urea in tundra sites that have been either lightly or intensively grazed by reindeer for more than 50 years. We followed the fate of the <sup>15</sup>N applied to the plant canopy, at 2 weeks and 1 year after tracer addition, in the different ecosystem N pools. 3. <sup>15</sup>N-urea was rapidly incorporated in cryptogams and in aboveground parts of vascular plants, while the soil microbial pool and plant roots sequestered only a marginal proportion. Further, the litter layer constituted a large sink for the <sup>15</sup>N-urea, at least in the short term, indicating a high biological activity in the litter layer and high immobilization in the first phases of organic matter decomposition. 4. Mosses and lichens still constituted the largest sink for the <sup>15</sup>N-urea 1 year after tracer addition at both levels of grazing intensity demonstrating their large ability to capture and retain N from urine. Despite large fundamental differences in their traits, deciduous and evergreen shrubs were just as efficient as graminoids in taking up the <sup>15</sup>N-urea. The total recovery of <sup>15</sup>N-urea was lower in the intensively grazed sites, suggesting that reindeer reduce ecosystem N retention. 5. <i>Synthesis</i> The rapid incorporation of the applied <sup>15</sup>N-urea indicates that arctic plants can take advantage of a pulse of incoming N from urine. In addition, δ <sup>15</sup>N values of all taxa in the heavily grazed sites converged towards the δ <sup>15</sup>N values for urine, bringing further evidence that urine is an important N source for plants in grazed tundra ecosystems.
Data from: Long-term heavy reindeer grazing promotes plant phosphorus limitation in arctic tundra
1. The potential of large mammalian herbivores to shift plant communities between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation has received little attention so far. However, herbivores can influence the cycling of these growth-limiting nutrients, and thereby affect plant nutrient limitation and productivity. Tundra ecosystems are nutrient-poor and commonly grazed by large herbivores like reindeer and may thus be responsive to such changes. 2. Here we examined the effect of long-term light and heavy reindeer grazing on nutrient limitation of plant growth in a Scandinavian arctic tundra. We are the first to conduct a factorial N and P fertilization experiment across the two grazing regimes in two functionally contrasting vegetation types: heath and meadow. 3. Annual primary productivity (APP) showed contrasting responses to our fertilization treatments under light and heavy grazing. Under light grazing, APP increased in response to N + P additions in both the heath and meadow. Under heavy grazing, APP increased in response to N in the heath, with an additional positive effect of N + P combined, while APP increased in response to P and N + P additions in the meadow. 4. These results clearly show that an increase in the grazing intensity of reindeer facilitated a shift towards more P limited conditions in Scandinavian arctic tundra, by increasing N cycling without having a corresponding positive effect on P cycling. In the N-poor heath, reindeer increased soil N availability at least partly due to a shift towards more N-rich graminoids, while in the meadow reindeer decreased soil P availability. The mechanisms behind this decrease remain unclear, but reindeer may simply export more P from the system than N due to their large P demand for the production of their antlers. 5. Synthesis. We conclude that heavy and long-term reindeer grazing promoted a more P limited tundra, thus experimentally confirming the potential of large mammalian herbivores to influence nutrient limitation of plant growth.
A mechanistic model of functional response provides new insights into indirect interactions among arctic tundra prey
Prey handling processes are considered a dominant mechanism leading to short-term positive indirect effects between prey that share a predator. However, a growing body of research indicates that predators are not necessarily limited by such processes in the wild. Density-dependent changes in predator foraging behavior can also generate positive indirect effects but they are rarely included as explicit functions of prey densities in functional response models. With the aim of untangling proximate mechanisms of species interactions in natural communities and improving our ability to quantify interaction strength, we extended the multi-prey version of the Holling disk equation by including density-dependent changes in predator foraging behavior. Our model, based on species traits and behavior, was inspired by the vertebrate community of the arctic tundra, where the main predator (the arctic fox) is an active forager feeding primarily on cyclic small rodent (lemming) and eggs of various tundra-nesting bird species. Short-term positive indirect effects of lemmings on birds have been documented over the circumpolar Arctic but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used a unique data set, containing high-frequency GPS tracking, accelerometer, behavioral, and experimental data to parameterize the multi-prey model, and a 15-year time series of prey densities and bird nesting success to evaluate interaction strength between species. We found that: (i) prey handling processes play a minor role in our system and (ii) changes in arctic fox daily activity budget and distance traveled can partly explain the predation release on birds observed during lemming peaks. These adjustments in predator foraging behavior with respect to the main prey density thus appear as the dominant mechanism leading to positive indirect effects commonly reported among arctic tundra prey. Density-dependent changes in functional response components have been little studied in natural vertebrate communities and deserve more attention to improve our ability to quantify the strength of species interactions.
Stable isotope data from: Use of marine vs. freshwater proteins for egg-laying and incubation by sea ducks breeding in Arctic tundra
<p>This data archive contains data used in analyses of protein sources for egg membranes and whole blood of long-tailed ducks (<em>Clangula hyemalis</em>) and Steller's (<em>Polysticta stelleri</em>), spectacled (<em>Somateria fischeri</em>), and king <em>(Somateria spectabilis)</em> eiders. These data have been published in Miller et al. (2022): Use of marine vs. freshwater proteins for egg-laying and incubation by sea ducks breeding in Arctic tundra (Ecosphere).</p>
Fig. 1 in The Distribution of Soil Testate Amoebae under Winter Snow Cover at the Plot-scale Level in Arctic Tundra (Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island, West Greenland)
Fig. 1. The map of soil sampling (57 samples) for the study on distribution of soil testate amoebae within an 8 × 15 m plot located in an arctic tundra on Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island (West Greenland).
Fig. 3 in The Distribution of Soil Testate Amoebae under Winter Snow Cover at the Plot-scale Level in Arctic Tundra (Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island, West Greenland)
Fig. 3. Maps of the univariate characteristics of the soil testate amoeba assemblage (A – log (total concentration, × 103 empty shells g–1 of e dry soil weight); B – species number (taxa sample–1); C – Shannon-Wiener's diversity index; D – Pielou's evenness index) plotted against their spatial coordinates at 57 sampling locations within an 8 × 15 m plot in an arctic tundra in Qeqertarsuaq/Disko Island (West Greenland). All data are centred on 0, so square sizes are proportional to the deviations from the mean values at the plot. Open symbols are used for negative values and the filled symbols are used for positive values. Spatial patterns are visualised as aggregations of similar size and colour.
Data from: Urine is an important nitrogen source for plants irrespective of vegetation composition in an Arctic tundra: insights from a 15N-enriched urea tracer experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A mechanistic model of functional response provides new insights into indirect interactions among arctic tundra prey
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: How spatial variation in areal extent and configuration of labile vegetation states affect the riparian bird community in Arctic tundra
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Data from: Long-term heavy reindeer grazing promotes plant phosphorus limitation in arctic tundra
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Stable isotope data from: Use of marine vs. freshwater proteins for egg-laying and incubation by sea ducks breeding in Arctic tundra
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Arctic Vegetation Plots in Burned and Unburned Tundra, Alaska, 2011-2012
This dataset provides environmental and vegetation data collected in late June and July of 2011 and of 2012 from study plots located in tundra fire scars and adjacent unburned tundra areas on the Seward Peninsula and the northern foothills of the Brooks Range in Arctic Alaska. The surveys focused on upland tundra settings and provide information on vegetative differences between the burned and unburned sites. The sampling design established a chronosequence of sites that varied in time since last fire to better understand post-fire vegetation successional trajectories. Complete species lists and their cover abundance data are provided for both study areas. Environmental data include the baseline plot descriptive information for vegetation, soils, and site factors. No soil samples were collected.
Arctic Tundra Flux Study in the Kuparuk River Basin (Alaska), 1994-1996
CO2 and water vapor fluxes and ecosystem characteristics were measured at 24 sites along a 317-km transect from the Arctic coast to the latitudinal treeline in Alaska during the growing seasons of 1994-1996. The sites were stratified to sample the ranges of climate, physiography, soil moisture, and vegetation type within the region. Our main objective was to understand what factors control variations in CO2 and water vapor exchange across the region. We therefore developed a spatially extensive approach of documenting fluxes for 1-2 weeks at each of the sites in order to study as many sites as possible during the middle of the short arctic growing season, when plant phenology is most comparable among different vegetation types and climatic regions. This allowed us to compare, with some replication, a given vegetation type across different provinces and climatic zones, as well as multiple vegetation types within a given geographic area.
Arctic Boreal Annual Burned Area, Circumpolar Boreal Forest and Tundra, V2, 2002-2022
This dataset provides annual cumulative end-of-season burned area in circumpolar boreal forests and tundra for the years 2002-2022. The data were generated using the Arctic Boreal Burned Area (ABBA) version 2 algorithm with MODIS collection 6 products. The algorithm is based on Normalized Burned Ratio differencing (dNBR) and is designed specifically to capture late season fires. The annual MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) 250-m Collection 5.1 (MOD44B) product allowed for additional vegetation-dependent dNBR thresholds within the algorithm's processing steps. The spatial domain is circumpolar regions above 50 degrees north latitude. The data are provided in cloud-optimized GeoTIFF format with 463-m resolution.
CAR LEADEX Arctic Sea Ice and Tundra BRDF Measurements L1 V2 (CAR_LEADEX_BRDF) at GES DISC
CAR LEADEX mission measured bidirectional reflectance functions for four common arctic surfaces: snow covered sea ice, melt season sea ice, snow covered tundra, and tundra shortly after snowmelt. The measurements show how the reflectance differs amongst the mentioned arctic surfaces and provides insights into the variability of albedo in the arctic.This data set consists of observations made with the CAR instrument and includes values for bidirectional reflectance factor at varying spectral bands.
CAR LEADEX Arctic Sea Ice and Tundra Radiation Measurements L1 V1 (CAR_LEADEX_L1C) at GES DISC
CAR LEADEX mission measured bidirectional reflectance functions for four common arctic surfaces: snow covered sea ice, melt season sea ice, snow covered tundra, and tundra shortly after snowmelt. The measurements show how the reflectance differs amongst the mentioned arctic surfaces and provides insights into the variability of albedo in the arctic.
ABoVE: Landsat Tundra Greenness and Summer Air Temperatures, Arctic Tundra, 1985-2016
This dataset provides annual tundra greenness and summer air temperatures at a resolution of 50 km over the pan-Arctic tundra biome above 31.5 degrees over the time period 1985 to 2016. Annual tundra greenness was assessed using the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVImax) derived from surface reflectance measured by sensors on the Landsat satellites. Summer air temperatures were quantified using the Summer Warmth Index (SWI) derived from an ensemble of five global temperature datasets. Tabular data include NDVImax, SWI, and estimates of uncertainty using Monte Carlo simulations at 45,334 vegetated sampling sites. Raster data provide (1) annual SWI from 1985 to 2016; (2) temporal trends in annual NDVImax and SWI from 1985 to 2016 and from 2000 to 2016; and (3) temporal correlations between annual NDVImax - SWI during these two periods. Each raster also includes estimates of uncertainty that were generated using Monte Carlo simulations. This dataset provides a new pan-Arctic product for assessing inter-annual variability in tundra using moderate resolution observations from the Landsat satellites.
ABoVE: Climate Drivers of Pan-Arctic Tundra Vegetation Productivity, 1982-2015
This dataset provides a summary of potential climate drivers of Arctic tundra vegetation productivity that have been compiled for growing seasons from 1982 to 2015. The scale of interest is the entire pan-arctic non-alpine tundra and the continental subdivisions of the North American and the Eurasian Arctic North of 70 degrees. These climate drivers include (1) maximum normalized difference vegetation index (MaxNDVI) and time-integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI), (2) summer sea ice concentrations, (3) oceanic heat content, (4) land surface temperature, and (5) summer warmth index (SWI). Data are provided variously as timeseries and weekly and bi-weekly averages over selected time ranges and study regions with calculated trends and trend significance. Data collected over 33 years were compiled to observe seasonal trends of vegetation productivity and to detect dynamics between arctic vegetation and climate drivers.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.