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13,618 results for “biology”
Stem maps in 4 1-hectare plots in the FASET and DIRT experiments at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2006-07)
Our primary objective is to provide an improved understanding of the biological and climatic controls over carbon (C) and energy cycles during and after a successional shift from a mature aspen to a young mixed confer/deciduous forest ecosystem that will be widely distributed across the upper Great Lakes region in coming decades. In Spring 2008, we implemented the Forest Accelerated Succession ExperimenT (FASET) by stem girdling all aspen and birch (gt;6,700 trees, ~35% canopy LAI) within a 39 ha area. A suite of ongoing ecological and meteorological measurements conducted in treatment and control stands before (2007) and after (2008 onwards) the succession treatment are used to quantify effects of climate, species composition, and canopy structure on the forest C cycle. We have established paired treatment and control plots, and surveyed a 25 m grid system within our treatment plots, begun operation of a eddy-covariance tower within the 33 ha treatment plot, conducted intercomparisons of carbon exchange and N allocation between treatment and control plots, remote sensed forest canopy structure, and begun or continued collaborative projects with investigators utilizing this project as a platform for further studies. Our overarching hypothesis is that forest NEP across much of the upper Great Lakes region will increase following transition from aspen dominated ecosystems to those of later-successional species with biologically and structurally more complex canopies. Specific hypotheses: a) Tree mortality will prompt a short-term reduction in NEP. A rapid recovery and stabilization of NEP above that of the control forest will be linked to the magnitude of N leaching losses and the pattern of redistribution of available N. Stands with more species and structurally diverse canopies and greater allocation of N to photosynthetic tissues will have higher NEP. b) Successional change will increase spatial variation in microclimate and nutrient distribution, both of which con
An Isotopic Approach to Partition Evapotranspiration in a Mixed Deciduous Forest at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2017)
Transpiration (T) is perhaps the largest fluxes of water from the land surface to the atmosphere and is susceptible to changes in climate, land use and vegetation structure. However, predictions of future transpiration fluxes vary widely and are poorly constrained. Stable water isotopes can help expand our understanding of land–atmosphere water fluxes but are limited by a lack of observations and a poor understanding of how the isotopic composition of transpired vapour (δT) varies. Here, we present isotopic data of water vapour, terrestrial water and plant water from a deciduous forest to understand how vegetation affects water budgets and land–atmosphere water fluxes. We measured subdiurnal variations of δ18OT from three tree species and used water isotopes to partition T from evapotranspiration (ET) to quantify the role of vegetation in the local water cycle. We find that δ18OT deviated from isotopic steady‐state during the day but find no species‐specific patterns. The ratio of T to ET varied from 53% to 61% and was generally invariant during the day, indicating that diurnal evaporation and transpiration fluxes respond to similar atmospheric and micrometeorological conditions at this site. Finally, we compared the isotope‐inferred ratio of T to ET with results from another ET partitioning approach that uses eddy covariance and sap flux data. We find broad midday agreement between these two partitioning techniques, in particular, the absence of a diurnal cycle, which should encourage future ecohydrological isotope studies. Isotope‐inferred estimates of transpiration can inform land surface models and improve our understanding of land–atmosphere water fluxes.
Detrital Inputs and Removal Treatments (DIRT) Experiment at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2004-2019)
Ecological research networks functioning across climatic and edaphic gradients are critical for improving predictive understanding of biogeochemical cycles at local through global scales. One international network, the Detrital Input and Removal Treatment (DIRT) Project, was established to assess how rates and sources of plant litter inputs influence accumulations or losses of organic matter in forest soils. DIRT employs chronic additions and exclusions of aboveground litter inputs and exclusion of root ingrowth to permanent plots at eight forested and two shrub/grass sites to investigate how soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics are influenced by plant detrital inputs across ecosystem and soil types. Across the DIRT network described here, SOM pools responded only slightly, or not at all, to chronic doubling of aboveground litter inputs. Explanations for the slow or even negative response of SOM to litter additions include increased decomposition of new inputs and priming of old SOM. Evidence of priming includes increased soil respiration in litter addition plots, decreased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) output from increased microbial activity, and biochemical markers in soil indicating enhanced SOM degradation. SOM pools decreased in response to chronic exclusion of aboveground litter, which had a greater effect on soil C than did excluding roots, providing evidence that root-derived C is not more critical than aboveground litter C to soil C sequestration. Partitioning of belowground contributions to total soil respiration were predictable based on site-level soil C and N as estimates of site fertility; contributions to soil respiration from root respiration were negatively related to soil fertility and inversely, contributions from decomposing aboveground litter in soil were positively related to site fertility. The commonality of approaches and manipulations across the DIRT network has provided greater insights into soil C cycling than could have been revealed at
Soil moisture data across a Florida scrub and sandhill landscape collected from 1998-2018 at Archbold Biological Station
This project was initiated 1998 to examine the variation in percent soil moisture in relation to rainfall, vegetation type, gaps, and time-since-fire in upland habitats at Archbold Biological Station, in south-central Florida. Data were collected from 78 sampling points across four vegetation types (rosemary scrub, scrubby flatwoods, oak-hickory scrub and sandy roadsides) with different time-since-fires (2-3 years or >20 years post-fire). In January 2006, 30 additional sampling points were added to include a fourth vegetation type (southern ridge sandhill). Data were collected at three depths below the soil surface (10, 50 and 90 cm) weekly (1 October 1998 – 9 June 1999), then bi-weekly (23 June 1999 – 3 October 2001), monthly (17 October 2001 – 15 June 2011), and every other month thereafter until the project ended on 16 July 2018.
Long Term Mammal Data from Powdermill Biological Station 1979-1999 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-vcr/67/20. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This is a 20-year record of small mammal trapping from the Powdermill Biological Station, Rector, PA 15677 collected by Joseph F. Merritt. It is included here as a comparative source of small mammal data.
Aphid Collection Tower Site at KBS at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2005 to 2013) (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/347/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-kbs/49/25. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Survey of migration of soybean aphid and other aphids of economic interest in 10 midwestern States. Aphids are collected using a suction trap. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/52
Mountain Lake Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Climate Data since 1959 at Castle Lake
This data set contains long-term limnology data from Castle Lake (located 5440 ft above sea level in Northern California) on primary productivity, zooplankton and phytoplankton measurements, dissolved oxygen, nutrient chemistry, lake morphology, and fish measurements. Short-term research projects on benthic invertebrates composition and a bathymetric map can also be found within the data package. Ecological, watershed and climatological measurements taken characterize the limnology of Castle Lake, a pristine glacial cirque that is the largest (by volume) of the 25 alpine and sub-alpine lake within the larger Upper Sacramento River Watershed. Sampling Frequency: Varies depending on survey conducted. During summer months- multiple times during each month. Less frequent during winter months. This data collection part of an ongoing project funded by the US National Science Foundation, private donors, US AID, and the University of Nevada's Global Water Center.
Measurements from CalCOFI cruises in the California Current System, including log of station information, weather, sea conditions as well as physical, chemical and biological measurements including including temperature, salinity, oxygen, density, sigma theta, phosphate, silicate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, chlorophyll a, integrated chlorophyll a, primary productivity, and integrated primary production. 1949 - January 2020
Since 1949, hydrographic and biological data of the California Current System have been collected on quarterly CalCOFI cruises. The 59+ year hydrographic time-series includes weather, temperature, salinity, oxygen and phosphate observations. In 1961, nutrient analysis expanded to include silicate, nitrate and nitrite; in 1973, chlorophyll was added; in 1984, C14 primary productivity incubations were added. These data are being provided here in collaboration with CalCOFI-SIO in order to provide an additional queriable interface to the data. The data are updated on a regular basis from the CalCOFI hydrographic database.
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Field Trip at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (Watershed 18) in 2004: Aquatic Invertebrates (Adult) data
As part of an educational project, we intend to conduct a short "bioblitz" that will focus on 4 major groups of organisms: (1) vertebrates, especially birds and salamanders; (2) the local flora, especially fungi, trees, and any herbaceous species present this early; (3) aquatic invertebrates; (4) terrestrial invertebrates. Data will be compared to available lists of taxa from Coweeta and Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
Cellulosic Biofuels Diversity Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2006 to 2017)
Dataset Abstract The Cellulosic Biofuels Diversity Experiment is an additional long-term study located within the LTER Main Site complex, in which a series of 12 different cropping systems vary in species makeup and nitrogen input. Treatments include continuous corn, corn-soybean, two variations of switchgrass fertilized differently, a C3 – C4 grass mix, and prairie grasses native to Michigan with different numbers of species. Switchgrass varieties are Cave-in rock (commercial non-native) and Southlow commercial native). Prairie grasses include switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), and Indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans), Treatment plots are 9.1 by 27m (30 × 40 feet) replicated in each of 4 randomized blocks. The study site was established in 2008. Click on the image for a printable map of the study area. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/109
Resource Gradient Study Management at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2000 to 2020)
Dataset Abstract The log of the resource gradient study agronomic management. A “browsable” interface to the aglog is available at https://aglog.kbs.msu.edu original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/110
Lake Levels and Ice cover on local lakes at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1923 to 2022)
Dataset AbstractLake levels and ice cover have been measured on local lakes with the help cf citizen volunteers.original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/122
Farmer surveys at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2011)
Dataset AbstractFarmers are surveyed to understand their perception of and response to climate change. This data forms part of the basis for Stuart, D., R. L. Schewe, and M. McDermott. 2012. Responding to climate change: barriers to reflexive modernization in US agriculture. Organization & Environment 25:308-327original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/123
Rainfall intensification enhances deep percolation and soil water content at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2015 to 2016)
Dataset AbstractData supporting the paper Hess, L., E. L. Hinckley, G. P. Robertson, S. K. Hamilton, and P. Matson. 2018. DOI: 10.2136/vzj2018.07.0128original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/198
Archived plant, soil, water and microbial samples at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1988 to 2016)
Dataset AbstractPlants, soil, water and microbial samples are archived. Small quantities are available for research by contacting: Plant and Soil Samples — Stacey Vanderwulp Water Samples — Steve Hamilton Microbial Samples — Tom Schmidt original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/55
KBS GLBRC Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1988 to 2019)
Dataset Abstract Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Consortium Sustainably Experiment activity logs and background information. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/63
Agronomic Soil Test Results at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1992 to 2019)
Dataset Abstract Soil samples are taken annually (usually in the Fall) for fertilizer recommendations and analyzed by the Michigan State University Soils Laboratory. The soil samples are taken from the annual treatments T1 though T4 and T6. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/71
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data in support of Edmunds 2012 Global Change Biology, v18 2173-2183
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript; published in Global Change Biology 2012. Edmunds et al. (2012) Global Change Biology 18: 2173-2183 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02695.x These data were collected to test the hypothesis that the response of corals to temperature and pCO2 is consistent between taxa. Juvenile massive Porites spp. and branches of P. rus from the back reef of Moorea were incubated for 1 month under combinations of temperature (29.3 °C and 25.6 °C) and pCO2 (41.6 Pa and 81.5 Pa) at an irradiance of 599 μmol quanta m-2 s-1. Using microcosms and CO2 gas mixing technology, treatments were created in a partly nested design (tanks) with two between-plot factors (temperature and pCO2), and one within-plot factor (taxon); calcification was used as a dependent variable. A compilation of studies placed the present results in a broader context and tested the hypothesis that calcification for individual coral genera is independent of pH, [HCO3 -], and [CO3 2-]. Unlike recent reviews, this analysis was restricted to studies reporting calcification in units that could be converted to nmol CaCO3 cm-2 h-1. These data include coral growth, seawater temperature, and salinity, and seawater carbonate chemistry including total alkalinity, pH, carbon dioxide (pCO2) and saturation state of aragonite (omega).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data in support of Wall and Edmunds 2013 Biological Bulletin, v225 no. 2, 92-101
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript published in The Biological Bulletin. Wall and Edmunds (2013) The Biological Bulletin vol. 225 no. 2: 92-101 Juvenile colonies of massive Porites spp. were exposed to manipulated pH and bicarbonate ([HCO3 -]) in situ to test the hypothesis that ocean acidification (OA) does not affect respiration and calcification. Incubations lasted 28 h and exposed corals to ambient temperature and light with ecologically relevant water motion. Three treatments were applied: (1) ambient conditions of pH 8.04 and 1751 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 1), (2) pCO2-induced ocean acidification of pH 7.73 and 2011 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 2), and (3) pCO2 and HCO3 --enriched seawater of pH 7.69 and 2730 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 3). The third treatment providing elevated [HCO3 -] was used to test for stimulatory effects of dissolved inorganic carbon on calcification under low pH and low saturation of aragonite (Ωarag), but it does not reflect conditions expected to occur under CO2-driven OA. Calcification of juvenile massive Porites spp. was affected by treatments, with an 81% elevation in Treatment 3 versus Treatment 1, but no difference between Treatments 1 and 2; respiration and the metabolic expenditure concurrent with calcification remained unaffected. These findings indicate that juvenile massive Porites spp. are resistant to short exposures to OA in situ, and separately, that they can increase calcification at low pH and low Ωarag if [HCO3 -] is elevated. Juvenile Porites spp. may therefore be limited by dissolved inorganic carbon under ambient pCO2 conditions.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community structure outdoor flume data in support of Edmunds 2019 Marine Biology
This dataset contains data in support of Edmunds, P.J., S.S. Doo, R.C. Carpenter, 'Changes in coral reef community structure in response to year-long incubations under contrasting pCO2 regimes', Marine Biology, 2019, doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3540-2. Here, the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on back reef communities from Mo'orea, French Polynesia (17.492S, 149.826W), were tested from 12 November 2015 to 16 November 2016 in outdoor flumes maintained at various mean pCO2 levels. Change in mass and percent cover were recorded monthly. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.