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185 results for “cirrus”
Normative Database of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by the Cirrus HD OCT in Asians
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00744705. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Evaluation of the Agreement Between the NVHO in the Automatic Fluid Quantification and Cirrus OCT
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05202587. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Efficacy of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) / Retinal Thickness Ratio by Cirrus OCT Utilizing Spectral -Domain Technology as a Diagnostic Predictor of Glaucoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00772993. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Experiment (CI2) NASA ER-2 MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The MODIS Airbourne Simulator (MAS) is a modified Daedalus Wildfire scanning spectrometer which flies on a NASA ER-2 and provides spectral information similar to that which will be provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), scheduled to be launched on the EOS-AM platform in 1998 (King et al. 1992). The principal investigators for the MAS are Dr. Michael King (NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt MD), and Dr. Paul Menzel (NOAA/NESDIS, Madison WI). In November/December 1991, the modified Wildfire instrument was flown during the FIRE Cirrus-II experiment onboard a NASA ER-2 in coordination with other aircraft and satellites over the Coffeyville, KS field site as well as the Texas and Louisiana Gulf coast. The MAS spectrometer acquires high spatial resolution imagery in the wavelength range of 0.55 to 14.3 microns. A total of 50 spectral bands are available in this range, and the digitizer can be configured to collect data from any 12 of these bands. The digitizer was configured with four 10-bit channels and seven 8-bit channels. The MAS spectrometer was mated to a scanner subassembly which collected image data with an IFOV of 2.5 mrad, giving a ground resolution of 50 meters from 20000 meters altitude, and a cross track scan width of 85.92 degrees. The data granules were written using the self documenting file storage format provided through the netCDF interface routines included in the HDF libraries.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Sabreliner Aircraft Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.Cirrus IFO-II was conducted from November 9 to December 8, 1991 in Coffeyville, Kansas. The NCAR Sabreliner aircraft measured radiation and microphysical properties of the cloud layers, in addition to temperature, moisture, and air motions.
VIIRS/SNPP Cirrus Reflectance 6-min L2 Swath 750m
The VIIRS/Suomi-NPP Cirrus Reflectance 6-Min Swath 750m product is a Level-2 product generated at 750-m (at nadir) spatial resolutions. The algorithm employs a series of visible and infrared threshold and consistency tests to specify confidence that an unobstructed view of the Earth's surface has been observed. An indication of shadows affecting the scene is also provided. Radiometrically-accurate radiances are required, thus holes in the Cloud Mask will appear wherever the input radiances are incomplete or of poor quality assurance.For more information consult Product Page at: https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/MVCM/
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase I University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 24 Hertz Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The University of North Dakota owns and operates a Cessna Citation II aircraft (N77ND) for the purpose of atmospheric research. This aircraft type has a number of design and performance characteristics which make it an ideal platform for a wide range of atmospheric studies. A series of structural modifications have been made to the basic airplane. These include the following: pylons under the wing tips for a variety of probes in the undisturbed air flow away from the fuselage; a nose boom for wind measurement; a heated radome to prevent ice accumulation on the nose area; special mounts for upward and downward looking radiometers; side-facing camera mounts for time-lapse cameras; optically-flat glass windows for photography; and an air inlet port for air sampling inside the pressurized cabin. The research instrumentation available on the Citation for the second Cirrus IFO is described below.For more information about the UND Citation see http://cumulus.atmos.und.edu/The data contained in the following file is 24 hertz data from the UND Citation II Weather Research Aircraft. Each record has 24 values of sixteen variables.The data order is:Number Variable Units24 values Date yymmdd24 values Time seconds from midnight24 values Pitotpressure, Nose millibars24 values Pitotpressure, Wing millibars24 values Vertical acceleration meters/second/second24 values Vertical wind meters/second24 values Static pressure millibars24 values Air temperature, Rosemount Celcius24 values True heading degrees24 values Wind direction degrees24 values Wind velocity meters/second24 values Angle of attack degrees24 values Angle of sideslip degrees24 values Replicator film speed24 values Replicator frame count24 values Replicator event mark
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II Spectral Radiance Experiment (SPECTRE) SIRIS High Resolution Emission Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.SPECTRE/SIRIS high spectral resolution observations were obtained at Coffeyville, Kansas in November - December 1991. The SIRIS instrument has been previously flown for balloon-borne studies of stratospheric chemistry relevant to the ozone cycles. It is a modified version of a Bomem continuously scanning Fourier transform spectrometer, operating in emission mode. The following instrument parameters were applicable for the Coffeyville SPECTRE campaign. The field-of-view, 0.5 degrees full width at half-maximum, was directed towards the zenith, except for a day when limb were recorded. The highest emission-mode spectral resolution recorded during SPECTRE was taken by SIRIS 0.06 cm-1, apodized. Scan times varied from one to a few minutes, depending onthe resolution. The instrument was run at ambient temperature, withthe Si:Ga detectors at liquid helium (LHe) temperature. Data are limited by photon noise from the emission from the instrument and from the atmosphere itself. Therefore data were recorded with two different width bandpasses: 1) narrow bandpass cooled filters in channels 1-4, which reduces the background noise, yielding higher signal-to-noise; and 2) wide band in channel 5 for more complete spectral coverage.It was the goal of SPECTRE to acquire clear-sky radiance spectra under a variety of temperature and water vapor conditions.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus 1 Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Shortwave Radiation Data
These data contain down-welled global shortwave hemispherical radiation taken during the Wisconsin FIRE/SRB experiment. The data set consists of measurement\ s taken every minute for 17 ground stations during the daylight hours. The data include values from October 12 through November 2, 1986.The number, location, latitude, and longitude of the FIRE/SRB WISCONSIN sites are: NUMBER LOCATION LATITUDE(DEG N) LONGITUDE(DEG W) 1 FT. MCCOY 43.96 90.76 2 STEVENS POINT 44.55 89.53 3 BARABOO 43.52 89.77 4 ADAMS COUNTY 43.97 89.80 5 WAUTOMA 44.04 89.30 6 WAUSAU 44.92 89.62 7 ARLINGTON 43.33 89.37 8 PORTAGE 43.56 89.48 9 REEDSBURG 43.53 89.97 10 PLAIN 43.28 90.04 11 TRI-COUNTY 43.21 90.19 12 DODGEVILLE 42.99 90.15 13 MT. HOREB 43.00 89.74 14 ARENA 43.16 89.91 15 SAUK CITY 43.30 89.74 16 MIDDLETON 43.11 89.53 17 MADISON 43.13 89.32
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Wind Profiler Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The NOAA wind profiles were collected during the period from Nov. 13, 1991 to Dec. 7 1991. The original data were stored in the Enhanced Binary Universal Form (EBUF) format. These data files have been reformatted and are provided (in ASCII format) by the Langley DAAC.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus 1 ISCCP Stage DX Pixel Level Cloud Product - Revised Algorithm Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments (FIRE) have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation (IFO) periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. A subset of the ISCCP Stage DX Cloud Product (Revised Algorithm) are included for the FIRE Cirrus 1 region.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II National Weather Service(NWS) Outer-Network Rawinsonde Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The FIRE_CI2_NWS_OUT_SND data set was collected for the period Nov. 20 1991 to Dec. 7, 1991. Each granule has multiple ASCII data files. Data were collected from 31 different National Weather Service (NWS) sites. These stations are: (BIS) Bismarck, ND; (BNA) Nashville, TN; (BOI) Boise, ID; (CKL) Centreville, AL; (CRP) Corpus Christi, TX; (DAY) Dayton, OH; (DRA) Desert Rock, NV; (ELY) Ely, NV; (FNT) Flint,MI; (GEG) Spokane, WA; (GGW) Glasgow, MT; (GJT) Grand Junction, CO; (GRB) Green Bay, WI; (GTF) Great Falls, MT; (HON) Huron, SD; (HTS) Huntington, WV; (INL) International Falls, MN; (INW) Winslow, AZ; (JAN) Jackson, MS; (LCH) Lake Charles, LA; (LND) Lander, WY; (MFR) Medford, OR; (NKX) San Diego, CA; (OAK) Oakland, CA; (RAP) Rapid City, SD; (SIL) Slidell, LA; (SLC) Salt Lake City, UT; (SLE) Salem, OR; (STC) St. Cloud, MN; (TUS) Tucson, AZ; and (WMC) Winnemucca, NV.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Kingair Aircraft Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to seek the basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13 - November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29 - July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13 - December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1 - June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. Cirrus IFO-II was conducted from November 9 to December 8, 1991 in Coffeyville, Kansas. The NCAR King Air aircraft measured radiation and microphysical properties of the cloud layers, in addition to temperature, moisture, and air motions.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II Colorado State University (CSU) Station 2 Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The CSU Station 2 surface radiation data set was collected every 2 minutes for the period from Nov. 13, 1991 through Dec. 8, 1991 at the Tri-City Airport, Parsons, Kansas (37 deg. 20 min. N, 95 deg. 30 min. 30 sec. W.) NOTE: the 2 minute values were instantaneous readings.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II Cross-chain LORAN Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The Cross-chain LORAN Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) sonde data were collected in four locations: Arkansas City, KS; Coffeyville, KS: Iola, KS; and Muskegee, OK.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 5 Second Data
FIRE_CI2_CITATN_5SEC data are First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus 2 University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 5 Second Data in Native format. The First ISCCP Regional Experiments were designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE were to: improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles; and investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. Four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus Intensive Field Observation (IFO) (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. The University of North Dakota owns and operates a Cessna Citation II aircraft (N77ND) for the purpose of atmospheric research. This aircraft type has a number of design and performance characteristics which make it an ideal platform for a wide range of atmospheric studies. A series of structural modifications have been made to the basic airplane. These include the following: pylons under the wing tips for a variety of probes in the undisturbed air flow away from the fuselage; a nose boom for wind measurement; a heated radome to prevent ice accumulation on the nose area; special mounts for upward and downward looking radiometers; side-facing camera mounts for time-lapse cameras; optically-flat glass windows for photography; and an air inlet port for air sampling inside the pressurized cabin. The research instrumentation available on the Citation for the second Cirrus IFO is described below. The data contained in the following file is 1/5 hertz data from the UND Citation II Weather Research Aircraft. Each record has one value of one hundred and thirteen variables. The data order is Number Variable Units:1. Date yymmdd; 2. True Air Speed meters/sec; 3. INS Ground Speed meters/sec; 4. INS Wind velocity meters/second; 5. Calculated Wind velocity meters/second; 6. INS Wind direction degrees; 7. Calculated Wind direction degrees; 8. INS True heading degrees; 9. Magnetic heading degrees; 10. Drift angle degrees; 11. Pitch angle degrees; 12. Roll angle degrees; 13. Static pressure millibars; 14. INS Altitude meters; 15. Pressure Altitude meters; 16. Vertical acceleration meters/second/second; 17. Air temperature, Rosemount Celsius; 18. Air temperature, Reverse Flow Celsius; 19. Dew Point Celsius; 20. Attack millibars; 21. SideSlip millibars; 22. J. W. Liquid Water grams/cubic-meter; 23. Pitotpressure, Nose millibars; 24. Pitotpressure, Wing millibars; 25. Ice detector volts; 26. Ice detector Liquid WAter grams/cubic-meter; 27. Angle of attack degrees; 28. INS Latitude degrees; 29. INS Longitude degrees; 30. Vertical velocity meters/second; 31. Vertical wind meters/second; 32. Angle of sideslip degrees; 33. Vapor Pressure millibars; 34. Mixing Ratio grams/kilogram; 35. Temperature, Reverse Flow (uncorrected) Celsius; 36. Equivalent Potential Temperature kelvin; 37. Potential Temperature kelvin; 38. Virtual Potential Temperature kelvin; 39. Total Mixing Ratio grams/kilogram; 40. Wet Equivalent Potential Temperature kelvin; 41. Vertical Wind Angle degrees; 42. VOR degrees; 43. DME Nautical Miles; 44. Heater Flag Volts; 45. Engine RPM Per Cent; 46. INS Track Angle degrees; 47. Mach Number; 48. Time Seconds from midnight; 49. Cabin Altitude meters; 50. Virtual Temperature kelvin; 51. Ozone ppbv; 52. Film Speed Number; 53. Frame Count meters; 54. Event Marker Volts; 55. NO2. ppbv; 56. Condensation Nucle; 57. Relative Humidity Per Cent; 58. Condensation Nuclei Temperature Celsius; 59. GPS Time Seconds from midnight; 60. GPS Latitude degrees; 61. GPS Longitude degrees; 62. GPS Altitude meters; 63. GPS Velocity North meters/second; 64. GPS Velocity East meters/second; 65. GPS Ground Speed meters/second; 66. GPS Track Angle degrees; 67. Condensation Nuclei Flow Rate liters/minute; 68. FSSP Counts Number; 69. FSSP Concentration Number/ml; 70. FSSP Liquid Water grams/cubic-meter; 71. FSSP Mean Diameter microns; 72. FSSP Mean Volume Diameter microns; 73. FSSP Median Diameter microns; 74. FSSP Median Volume Diameter microns; 75. FSSP Mode microns; 76. FSSP Skew microns; 77. FSSP Standard Deviation, Mean Diameter microns; 78. FSSP Standard Deviation, Mean Volume Diameter microns; 79. OneDC Counts Num
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase I National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Kingair Aircraft Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems. Cirrus IFO-I was conducted from October 13 to November 2, 1986 in central Wisconsin. The NCAR King Air aircraft measured radiation andmicrophysical properties of the cloud layers, in addition to temperature, moisture, and air motions.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus 1 Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) Longwave Radiation Data
These data contain down-welled global longwave hemispherical radiation taken during the Wisconsin FIRE/SRB experiment. The data set consists of measurements taken every minute for 5 ground stations during each 24 hour day. The data include values from October 12 through November 2, 1986.The number, location, latitude, and longitude of the FIRE/SRB WISCONSIN sites are:NUMBER LOCATION LATITUDE(DEG N) LONGITUDE(DEG W)1 FT. MCCOY 43.96 90.762 STEVENS POINT 44.55 89.533 BARABOO 43.52 89.774 ADAMS COUNTY 43.97 89.805 WAUTOMA 44.04 89.30
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II University of North Dakota Citation Aircraft 1 Hertz Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The University of North Dakota owns and operates a Cessna Citation II aircraft (N77ND) for the purpose of atmospheric research. This aircraft type has a number of design and performance characteristics which make it an ideal platform for a wide range of atmospheric studies. A series of structural modifications have been made to the basic airplane. These include the following: pylons under the wing tips for a variety of probes in the undisturbed air flow away from the fuselage; a nose boom for wind measurement; a heated radome to prevent ice accumulation on the nose area; special mounts for upward and downward looking radiometers; side-facing camera mounts for time-lapse cameras; optically-flat glass windows for photography; and an airinlet port for air sampling inside the pressurized cabin. The research instrumentation available on the Citation for the second Cirrus IFO is described below.The basic instrumentation package measured temperature, dew point temperature, pressure, wind and cloud microphysical characteristics along with aircraft position, altitude and performance parameters. The three-dimensional wind field is derived from measurements of acceleration, pitch, roll and yaw combined with angles of attack and sideslip and indicated airspeed. The aircraft parameters were supplied by an LTN-76 inertial navigation system and a Global PositioningSystem (GPS). Turbulence intensity can be derived from differential pressure transducers and INS accelerometer outputs.Cloud microphysics were sampled with PMS 1D-P, 2D-C, 1D-C and FSSP probes, and a continuous formvar replicator from DRI. A number of gas and aerosol sampling instruments were available. These included fast response O3 and NO2 monitors and a condensation nuclei counter.A forward-looking video camera was used to provide a visual record of flight conditions. The data were sampled at various rates from 1 to 24 sec-1. The sampling is controlled by the on-board computer system which also displayed the data in real time in graphic and alphanumeric formats while recording them on magnetic tape.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Cirrus Phase II NOAA Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Doppler & Lidar
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.To-date, four intensive field-observation periods were planned and executed: a cirrus IFO (October 13-November 2, 1986); a marine stratocumulus IFO off the southwestern coast of California (June 29-July 20, 1987); a second cirrus IFO in southeastern Kansas (November 13-December 7, 1991); and a second marine stratocumulus IFO in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean (June 1-June 28, 1992). Each mission combined coordinated satellite, airborne, and surface observations with modeling studies to investigate the cloud properties and physical processes of the cloud systems.The Doppler lidar data set includes wind profiles derived by the VAD method for the FIRE-II top 5 priority days (21,25,28,30 of Nov. 1991, and Dec. 5, 1991). Vertical profiles of the horizontal wind speed and direction were acquired by the lidar using a classical method commonly referred to as the VAD technique, where VAD stands for Velocity Azimuth Display.The Doppler lidar experiment objective was to obtain lidar measurements of relative backscatter signal intensity and radial velocity from cirrus clouds to study their microphysical and radiative properties. This data set provides vertical profiles (approx. 1.5 - 20.0 km agl).
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