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Figure 5. Images binarized by SVM.-Design and Implementation of a Fully Autonomous UAV's Navigator Based on Omni-directional Vision System
<p>In instance, the image in Fig. 4 was binarized manually (however, the person in charge of<br> color adjustment is professional) and by using SVM resulting in Fig.5</p>
Figure 4. Images binarized by hand.-Design and Implementation of a Fully Autonomous UAV's Navigator Based on Omni-directional Vision System
<p>In instance, the image in Fig. 4 was binarized manually (however, the person in charge of<br> color adjustment is professional) and by using SVM resulting in Fig.5</p>
Design and Implementation of a Fully Autonomous UAV's Navigator Based on Omni-directional Vision System-Figure 3. The principle of SVM
<p>Manual segmentation training was hard and very time consuming and rely to operator's<br> accuracy, so we developed a color calibration algorithm using SVM(Support Vector Machine). In<br> this subsection, we present a color recognition algorithm using the support vector machine<br> (SVM).SVM is one of the classification algorithms which it has high generality since it can<br> calculate a super plane that maximizes the margin of classes, Fig.3.[8] In our algorithm, the SVM is<br> trained by the H'SY values of the classes and the mean of the obtained image H'SY values. After<br> training, the obtained image is binarized by setting the maximum and minimum value in the<br> distribution of each class as a threshold.</p>
Figure 2. Catadioptric projection modelled by the unit sphere-Design and Implementation of a Fully Autonomous UAV's Navigator Based on Omni-directional Vision System
<p>Since the beginning of UAV, the map building was one of the most addressed problems by<br> researchers. Several researchers used Omni directional vision for robot navigation and map<br> building. Because of the wide field of view in Omni directional sensors, the robot does not need to<br> look around using moving parts (cameras or mirrors) or turning the moving parts. The global view<br> offered by Omni directional vision is especially suitable for highly dynamic environments. The<br> Omni directional vision system consists of a hyperbolic mirror, a USB color digital camera<br> (Logitech C905) and a regulation device.</p>
Figure 1. The use of visual servo control for helicopter stabilization-Design and Implementation of a Fully Autonomous UAV's Navigator Based on Omni-directional Vision System
<p>Visual servoing is an approach to control motion of a helicopter using information feedback<br> from a camera mounted on it. For their tremendous potential applications in various areas including<br> environmental monitoring and anti-terrorism, unmanned small helicopters are being extensively<br> studied in robotics and control in recent years. However, the research advance in dynamic control of<br> small helicopters is limited due to highly coupled non- linear dynamics and the existence of various<br> uncertain- ties. Many people studied controller design based on a Publisher Item Identifier.<br> linearized or simplified model, but the controllers developed under linearized models cannot<br> guarantee dynamic stability rigorously. Another effort is application of modern non-linear control<br> theory to helicopter control because small helicopter are good test beds for sophisticated control<br> techniques for their small size and highly coupled dynamics [4].</p>
Fig. 5 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 5 Mean daily biting rates ± 1 standard error (SE) at the four collection sites based on three collection days each month. Biting rates were highest at the two riverside sites (Bayomen and Nyamongo I) and decreased with increasing distance from the river
Fig. 1 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 1 Map of the study area showing adult and larval blackfly collection sites and dissection stations in relation to the Mbam river. Grey arrows show the direction of river flow and the inset map shows the location of the study area (black star) in Cameroon
Fig. 2 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 2 Historical rainfall and river discharge for Bafia and the lower Mbam river. Bars show mean monthly rainfall (mm) ± 1 standard error (SE) at Bafia for years 1930–1994 [26]; dashed line shows mean monthly river discharge (m3/s) ± 1 standard error (SE) for years 1952–80 for the Goura gauge located on the Mbam river ≈25 km SE of Bafia (4.56703°N, 11.36740°E) [27]
Fig. 4 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 4 Polytene chromosomes of S. squamosum E2 and S. mengense showing a chromosome 1 of S. squamosum E2 with fixed inversions 1S-1 and 1L-3, and inversion 1L-57 which was fixed in the specimens examined, b part of chromosome 3 of S. squamosum E2 male showing sex-linked band dimorphism 3C-Sp and sex-linked heterozygous inversion 3L/82 present in 19/20 male specimens examined,'b'= blister, and c chromosome 1 of S. mengense showing expanded centromere 1CER
Fig. 7 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 7 Results of pool screening showing maximum likelihood estimate of the percentage of S. damnosum s.l. possessing L3 larvae in their heads (± 95% CI) based on black flies collected over the 12-month sampling period. The number above the bar denotes the maximum likelihood point estimate for each site
Fig. 3 in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 3 Head and thorax of late-instar larvae showing a S. squamosum E2, and b S. mengense with arrow pointing to tuft of hair-like scales on the anterior dorsum of the thorax
Fig. 6 Seasonal parasite transmission along the lower Mbam river showing a in ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS transmission in the Mbam valley of Cameroon following 16 years of annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, and the description of a new cytotype of SIMULIUM SQUAMOSUM
Fig. 6 Seasonal parasite transmission along the lower Mbam river showing a combined parity and infection rates for flies dissected at Bayomen and Nyamongo I riverside sites (L1–L2 = percentage of flies infected with developing parasite stages only, L3H = percentage of flies containing L3 stages in the head), and b monthly transmission potentials at Bayomen, Nyamongo I, and Egona II estimated based on dissection data only. Ondouano not shown since no larvae were found in dissected flies
Quantifying direct and indirect effects of early-season herbivory on reproduction across four brassicaceous plant species
<div> <p>Insect herbivores can directly affect plant reproduction by feeding on reproductive tissues, or indirectly by feeding on vegetative tissues for which plants are unable to compensate. Additionally, early-arriving herbivores may have cascading effects on plant reproduction by altering the later-arriving community. However, the dynamic interplay between plant development and the assembly of herbivore communities remains underexplored. Hence, it is unclear whether non-outbreak levels of ambient herbivory early in the development of plants can impact plant fitness and to what extent these effects are mediated through changes in plant development and subsequent herbivory. By excluding the herbivore community in an exclosure experiment and by manipulating early-season herbivory in a common garden field experiment replicated across four Brassicaceae species and two years, we tested whether early-season herbivory by caterpillars (<em>Pieris rapae)</em> or aphids (<em>Myzus persicae</em>) affected development, reproduction, and the herbivore communities associated with individual plants. In addition, we tested a causal hypothesis to assess the relative importance and temporal interplay between variation in herbivore communities and variation in plant development in determining plant reproduction. Early-season herbivory affected plant reproduction in the exclosure experiment, with effects being highly dependent on the plant species, the herbivore species, and the year. However, we found no such effects in the field experiment. The exploratory path analysis indicated that variation in plant reproduction is best predicted by variation in plant development, explaining 80% of the total effect on seed production. This suggests that early-season herbivory had limited effects on later plant development, and plants were able to attenuate the impact of early-season herbivory. However, no clear compensatory mechanism could be identified. While early-season herbivory has the potential to affect plant reproduction through changes in plant development or the subsequent development of the associated community, these effects were small and varied across closely related species. This suggests that plant species may be exposed to different levels of natural selection by early-season herbivores through plant- or community-mediated effects on reproduction.</p> </div>
Direct solar Radiation (DNI) data in Aglantzia Cyprus July 2016- December 2020
<p>DNI data registrered on the roof of the Novel Technologies Laboratory Building of the Cyprus Institute (coordinates <a href="https://maps.app.goo.gl/HBZAVfvxJCv61dFn7">35.141446, 33.380970</a>), from the 1st of July 2016 until the 31st of December 2020. The time step is 1 s.</p> <p>The instrument is LP Pyhre 16 AC with EKO STR 21G tracker. </p> <p> </p>
CEOS LPV DIRECT V2.1: A database of upscaled LAI, FAPAR and Fcover values for satellite biophysical product validation
<p>Ground references of high quality are needed to validate satellite-based products. The DIRECT V2.1 database compiles Leaf Area Index (LAI), fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) and fraction of vegetation cover (FCover) averaged values over a 3 km x 3 km area. The ground data was upscaled using high spatial resolution imagery following CEOS WGCV LPV (so called CEOS LPV) LAI validation good practices (Fernandes et al., 2014) to properly account for the spatial heterogeneity of the site. Ground measurements performed during several international Cal/Val activities, including VALERI, BigFoot, SAFARI-2000, CCRS, Boston University, were compiled by S. Garrigues (Garrigues et al., 2008) in the DIRECT database, and later ingested in the CEOS LPV OLIVE tool (Weiss et al., 2014) for accuracy assessment.</p> <p>F. Camacho reviewed DIRECT to remove those sites without understory measurements (Camacho et al., 2013) and after that expanded the database adding the ImagineS network of sites (Camacho et al., 2021). DIRECT V2.1 is the last update including 44 new sites from China (Fang et al., 2019; Song et al., 2021) and 2 more sites from ESA FRM4Veg project (Brown et al., 2021).</p> <p>The CEOS LPV DIRECT V2.1 database constitutes a major effort of the international community to provide ground reference for the validation of satellite-based LAI and FAPAR ECVs, with a total of 176 sites around the world (7 main biome types) and 280 LAI values, 128 FAPAR and 122 FCOVER values covering the period from 2000 to 2021.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><u>Data description</u></strong></p> <ul> <li>LAI, LAIeff, FAPAR and FCOVER upscaled values over 3 km x 3 km.</li> <li>LAI_NoUnderstory, refers to sites where only overstory was measured and thus are not recommended for accuracy assessment of satellite products.</li> </ul> <p><strong><u>File contents</u></strong></p> <p>A Header " Sites":</p> <p>General information for each site (coordinates, landcover, method, reference)</p> <p>For each variable:</p> <ul> <li># number of the site (site description in Sites)</li> <li>Lat_cen, latitude centre of 3km x 3km</li> <li>Lon_cen, longitude centre of 3km x 3km</li> <li>Site name, name of the site</li> <li>Date, MM/DD/YYYY</li> <li>Mean, average value over 3km x 3km</li> <li>Uncert, uncertainty over 3 km x 3km (STD)</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data and code for Reeb, R.A. & Kuebbing, S.E. (2024). Phenology mediates direct and indirect interactions among co-occurring invasive plant species. Ecology, e4446.
<p>Data and analysis code for:</p> <p>Reeb, R.A. & Kuebbing, S.E. (2024). Phenology mediates direct and indirect interactions among co-occurring invasive plant species. Ecology, e4446. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4446">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4446</a></p> <p>Repository contains R markdown analysis code, datasets, and the associated metadata file.</p>
Source Code and Simulation Results: Chiral and directional optical emission from a dipole source coupled to a helical plasmonic antenna
<h3>Summary</h3> <p>This publication supplements the article "Chiral and directional optical emission from a dipole source coupled to a helical plasmonic antenna" with tabulated data and Matlab code that allows the reproduction of the results. Within the article, the chiral behavior of single and double plasmonic nano antennas made from silver is numerically investigated with a focus on the coupling of a linear polarized dipole as an excitation source to the helix.</p> <h3>Simulation Setup - FEM Simulations</h3> <p>The script "run_wavlengthscan.m" allows to reproduce all simulations of the article. It can be chosen between the single and double helices, by specifying the keys parameter "keys.doppelhelix" where 0 gives a single and 1 a double helix. The number of turns can be specified by choosing "keys.case". The dipol is located within a 20nm thick hBN substrate layer, on glass (BK7). Results of the Purcell enhancement can be plotted using the scripts "display_results_single_helix.m" and "display_results_doublehelix.m" in the folder "results". The far-field plots can be reproduced using the scripts "display_farfiel_polarization_single_helix.m" and "display_farfiel_polarization_double_helix.m" of the folder "FunctionsAndScripts".</p> <p>The template for the mesh is contained in the folder "generate_grid_file", where the parameters of the helix (for example: radius, tube radius, and pitch height) can be modified.</p> <p>Within the folder "project3D" all required .jcm files are stored. Copy the "grid.jcm" file with the geometry of interest to this folder to perform simulations.</p> <p>All required keys parameters for the JCM template files (.jcmt, jcmpt) are set within the functions "set_numerical_parameter.m" and "set_physical_parameters.m", contained in the folder "FunctionsAndScripts". Therein, the function "set_sources.m" specifies the parameters for the dipole excitation, such as the position, and the strength (equivalent to the polarization).</p> <h3>Semi-Analytical Model</h3> <p>The Jupyter notebook "Semi_Analytical_Plasmonic_Helix.ipynb" contains the commented Python script for the semi-analytical design tool used to obtain far-field radiation patterns of the single helix. This semi-analytical design tool is based on an analytical model developed in [4]. The script can be divided into three parts. First, the single helix is defined, and a linear wavelength scaling law [5] is used to determine the illuminating wavelengths at which Fabry-Pérot resonances occur. Second, the overlap integral between the mode current on the helix and the incident electric field is evaluated for a given direction of incident light. Thirdly, the direction of incidence is varied to obtain the far-field radiation patterns. The script allows for the radiation patterns to be exported as a .csv file. Alternatively, the radiation patterns can be plotted directly using the provided single_plot functions.</p> <h3>Material</h3> <p>The material data has been taken from the <a href="https://refractiveindex.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">refractiveindex.info</a> database. For silver the data is taken from tabulated data from Johnson and Christy [1] . The dispersion relation for hBN comes from [2] and tabulated data for glass (BK7) from [3]. The MATLAB script "material_properties_plot.m" plots the material fits above the wavelengths of interest. The required tabulated data is given in the folder "material_data".</p> <p>With 'material_properties_plot.m' the fits to the material data can be reproduced and plotted.</p> <h3>Usage</h3> <p>The .zip folder Helix_FEM contains all data and scripts to reproduce the plots from the 3D FEM simulations.</p> <p>The Jupyter Notebook Semi_Analytical_Plasmonic_Helix reprouces the results from the semi-analytical model.</p> <h3>Requirements</h3> <ul> <li>JCMsuite (at least 5.4.0)</li> <li>MATLAB (tested with version R2023b)</li> <li>Python (tested with Version 3.10.9)</li> <li>Jupyter Notebook (tested with 6.5.2) </li> </ul> <p>To run the simulations with JCMsuite you must replace corresponding placeholders with a path to your installation of JCMsuite. Free trial licenses are available, please refer to the homepage of <a href="https://jcmwave.com/">JCMwave</a>.</p> <h3>References</h3> <p>[1] P. B. Johnson and R.-W. Christy, “Optical constants of the noble metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370 (1972).</p> <p>[2] S.-Y. Lee, T.-Y. Jeong, S. Jung, and K.-J. Yee, “Refractive index dispersion of hexagonal boron nitride in the visible and near-infrared,” Phys. Status Solidi B 256, 1800417 (2019).</p> <p>[3] “SCHOTT Zemax catalogue 2017-01-20b,” (2017).</p> <div>[4] K. Höflich et al., "Resonant behavior of a single plasmonic helix." Optica 6, 1098(2019).</div> <div> </div> <div>[5]L. Novotny, "Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas", Phys. Rev. Lett. 98,266802 (2007).</div>
Figure 4 in New directions in weed management and research using 3D imaging
Figure 4. Three-dimensional point cloud reconstructions of soybean (A, top view; B, front view) and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (C, top view; D, front view). Note the voids in the soybean point cloud (B) caused by dense canopy cover. Such voids are largely absent in cereal rye (D) due to a more even canopy with greater light penetration.
Figure 3 in New directions in weed management and research using 3D imaging
Figure 3. Data pipeline for calculating canopy height and estimating biomass in the field using red, green, and blue (RGB) images and depth data.
Figure 2 in New directions in weed management and research using 3D imaging
Figure 2. Red,green,and blue (RGB) image of soybeans and weeds (A) and corresponding 3D point cloud reconstruction (B). Lower panels show point cloud reconstructions from different angles,including a top view (C), top view offset 45° from vertical (D), front view (E), under canopy and offset 45° (F), directly under canopy (G), facing canopy from behind (H), facing canopy offset 45° right (I), side view (J), and facing canopy offset 45° left (K).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.