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320 results for “drought response”
Is drought tolerance a domestication trait in tepary bean?: Allelic diversity at abiotic stress responsive genes in cultivated Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray and its wild relatives
<p>Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in the poorest regions of the world where drought stress and nutrient deficiency are already a main issue. Legumes are an essential food crop for the poorest because of their high dietary protein and micronutrient contents. However, they are generally drought susceptible. Therefore, our goal in this study was to explore allele diversity at abiotic stress responsive candidate genes in the only drought tolerant cultivated bean species of the genus <i>Phaseolus</i>, tepary bean (<i>P. acutifolius</i> A. Gray) and its related species <i>P. parvifolius </i>Freytag. Specifically, we estimated drought tolerance in 52 tepary bean <i>s.l.</i> geo-referenced germplasm accessions from the <i>P. acutifolius</i>–<i>parvifolius</i> clade using climate information, and used this estimated drought stress index to examine allele correlations with <i>Asr2</i>, <i>Dreb2B</i> and ERECTA-encoding candidate genes for drought tolerance. Genetic clustering showed that cultivated and wild <i>P. acutifolius</i> were intermingled with <i>P. acutifolius </i>var.<i> tenuifolius</i> and <i>P. parvifolius</i>, signifying that allele diversity at candidate genes for drought tolerance was not scarce in tepary bean <i>s.l</i>. <i>Dreb2B</i> and ERECTA-encoding genes harbored signatures of directional/purifying selection, likely in favor of adaptive alleles selectively advantageous because each had two SNPs significantly correlated (<i>p-value</i> < 0.05) with habitat drought stress at six and 12 months. These results suggest that tepary bean <i>s.l. </i>is a reservoir of novel alleles at candidate genes for drought tolerance, as expected for a drought-tolerant species that originated in warmer and arid environments. Abiotic stress responsive candidate genes also exhibit comparable patterns of selective signatures when comparing orthologous across species, which speaks for a predominant role of gene sub-functionalization likely due to ecological constrains. Our study therefore corroborates that the candidate gene approach is still an effective alternative for marker validation across a broader genetic basis of germplasm accessions. Further efforts to determine the genetic architecture of drought tolerance will unlock novel alleles hidden in a crop with limited modern relevance as tepary bean, but capable of acting as a donor in backcrossing and genome editing strategies with elite common bean lines aiming to meet the imminent demands of a drier world.</p>
Resolving the Dust Bowl paradox of grassland responses to extreme drought
<p>During the Dust Bowl drought, central US grasslands responded unexpectedly to a decade of hot, dry conditions. Grass species adapted to high temperatures with higher water use efficiency (C<sub>4</sub> grasses) decreased while those preferring cooler climates (C<sub>3</sub> grasses) increased. We reproduced this surprising response by experimentally imposing extreme drought in two native grasslands. Analysis of historical climate records revealed that during extreme drought years, the proportion of annual precipitation that occurs during cooler months increases. This previously unidentified shift in seasonal precipitation patterns during extreme drought years provides a mechanism for C<sub>3</sub> grasses to increase despite overall hot, dry conditions. Thus, alterations in precipitation seasonality may be as important as reduced precipitation amount when forecasting ecosystem responses to extreme drought.</p>
Row data from: Screening and response profile of Iraqi barley accessions under PEG- induced drought conditions
<p><span>Among the abiotic stresses, drought influences plant growth and productivity, and plant stress responses depend on stress intensity and genotype. The effects of simulated drought stress on germination parameters were tested for tolerance and sensitivity in 59 barley accessions from all regions of Iraq and phenotypic, physiological and biochemical responses associated with drought stress were investigated. Stress treatments with polyethylene glycol (PEG) reduced the germination rate and dramatically delayed the development of the seedlings. Significant changes in the physiological and biochemical profiles in barley accessions were observed. A smaller reduction in water absorption of seeds was observed across all accessions, while all biochemical characteristics except total flavonoid content were increased with the increase in water deficiency in most accessions. Among the 59 barley accessions, ABN was the most tolerant accession, while Black-Garmiyan was the most drought-prone. Significant relationships were found between most trait pairs, with 32 significant associations under no stress, 39 significant correlations under the 10.25% PEG treatment, and 81 significant correlations under the 20.50% PEG treatment. According to the key importance analysis, seed water uptake, total phenol content, soluble sugar content and catalase are classified as relative significance traits for germination percentage, root and shoot length under stress conditions.</span></p>
Data from: When does extreme drought elicit extreme ecological responses?
1. Global climate change models predict an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme droughts, with uncertain ecological impacts across ecosystems. In particular, it is not clear when extreme droughts will elicit extreme ecological responses. 2. For this study, we employed three complementary approaches to explore the relationships between extreme drought and ecosystem responses. First, we used global data mining to evaluate the relationship between extreme gross primary productivity (GPP) and extreme precipitation from 1980 to 2013. Second, we conducted a meta‐analysis using 132 drought experiments across the globe to assess the response ratios of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to extreme vs. non‐extreme drought treatments. Third, we examined community and ecosystem responses in an alpine meadow to a drought gradient experiment, which included five precipitation treatment levels (1/12 P, 1/4 P, 1/2 P, 3/4 P, and P, where P is the growing season precipitation). 3. This study had three key results. In our historical data mining, we found that extreme droughts elicited extreme ecological responses only 15.1% of the time. The meta‐analysis results indicated that there were no significant differences in the response ratios of ANPP between the extreme vs. non‐extreme drought treatments. The drought gradient experiment results revealed that although the four drought treatments were statistically extreme, only the most extreme drought treatment (1/12 P) significantly reduced ANPP over the three years. Meanwhile, species richness and asynchrony were significantly reduced under the 1/12 P treatment, which led to a significant reduction in productivity. 4. Synthesis. These results suggest that extreme ecological responses to extreme drought may be less frequent than previously thought. But when they do occur, extreme ecological responses may be driven by plant community changes such as species asynchrony, species loss or species reordering. Our experimental results highlight the key role of community dynamics in determining the resistance of ecosystem productivity to extreme drought, which should be assessed when predicting ecological responses to climate change.
Satellite data reveal differential responses of Swiss forests to unprecedented 2018 drought
<p>The summer drought of 2018 caused major damages to forest ecosystems. In this dataset, various environmental variables (precipitation anomaly, temperature anomaly, climatic water balance anomaly, elevation, slope, aspect, exposition, potential direct incedent radiation, distance to the forest edge, tree type, and species heterogeneity) have been stratified into ten sections and the proportion of forest pixels with severe changes (equal or more than 10% either positive or negative) in the normalized difference water index (NDWI) of the forest canopy from 2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2017-2019 in Switzerland declared.</p>
High-throughput phenotyping of drought response in Phaseolinae
<p><span>Using a high-throughput phenotypic imaging system, we evaluated the drought tolerance of 151 bean accessions (Phaseolinae; Fabaceae) by quantifying five different traits simultaneously: biomass, water use efficiency, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and root/shoot ratio. </span>The base data for calculating the drought response indicators and the accessions used in the study are listed in these datasets</p>
FIGURE 2 in Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams
FIGURE 2 | MDA and enzymatic activity in the gills of Astyanax elachylepis from intermittent and perennial streams during dry and rainy seasons. Different capital letters indicate a significant difference (Tukey post-hoc test at p <0.05) between seasons for a given stream, and different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference between intermittent and perennial streams within a given season. Differences are shown only between levels of the factors that had significant effect according to two-way ANOVA.
Data from: Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses
<p>Climate-smart forestry (CSF) consists of an extensive framework of actions directed to mitigating and adapting to global climate change impacts on the resilience and productivity of forest ecosystems. The study connected to this data set investigates the impact of the pan-European 2018 drought on carbon exchange dynamics in typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic, including two coniferous (Norway spruce at Bílý Kříž and Rajec) and one deciduous (European beech at Štítná) stand. Our results show annual net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> uptake at Rajec to be reduced by 50% during the drought year in comparison to a reference year with normal climatic conditions. Bílý Kříž is less affected by drought, as the local microclimate ensures sufficient water supply. The European beech forest at Štítná is most resilient against drought and its negative impacts: there we detect no differences in carbon exchange dynamics between the drought year and the reference year. Our results are demonstrated on the basis of monthly and annual carbon exchange values and corresponding environmental variables. This data set consists of two files, one containing daily average (sum) data, the second one containing 30 minute average data. The 30 minute average data were the basis of all daily, monthly and annual average (sum) data shown in the study connected to this data set.</p>
Drought stress and plant cultivar type affect demographic responses of herbivorous insects: a case study with the rose-grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum, (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
<p>Raw data files of "the effect of water stress on demographic features of aphid <em>Metopolophium dirhodum on two cultivars"</em></p>
Resolving the Dust Bowl paradox of grassland responses to extreme drought
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Is drought tolerance a domestication trait in tepary bean?: Allelic diversity at abiotic stress responsive genes in cultivated Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray and its wild relatives
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Satellite data reveal differential responses of Swiss forests to unprecedented 2018 drought
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Data from: Dissecting the phenotypic components of crop plant growth and drought responses based on high-throughput image analysis
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Data from: When does extreme drought elicit extreme ecological responses?
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Data from: Potential of typical highland and mountain forests in the Czech Republic for climate-smart forestry: ecosystem-scale drought responses
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Row data from: Screening and response profile of Iraqi barley accessions under PEG- induced drought conditions
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The U-box family genes in Medicago truncatula: key elements in response to salt, cold, and drought stresses
GEO Series GSE136739. Medicago truncatula. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
The AP2/ERF Transcription Factor TINY Modulates Brassinosteroid-Regulated Plant Growth and Drought Response in Arabidopsis
GEO Series GSE128946. Arabidopsis thaliana. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Changes in rice NILs shoot expression profile in response to drought stress at reproductive stage
GEO Series GSE30449. Oryza sativa; Oryza sativa Indica Group. 30 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Genome-wide identification of SNAC1-targeted genes involved in drought response in rice
GEO Series GSE128495. Oryza sativa Japonica Group. 30 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.