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680 results for “exclusivity”
Plant, grasshopper and spider food web responses to bird exclusion
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Data from: Contrasting impacts of short- and long-term large herbivore exclusion on understory net CO2 exchange in a boreal forest
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Shrunk coexistence: Cattle exclusion and nutrient addition intensify competition between native and exotic grasses with low phenological overlap
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Do natural enemies mediate conspecific negative distance- and density-dependence of trees? A meta-analysis of exclusion experiments
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Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing
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Data from: A case for the “Competitive exclusion – tolerance rule” as a general cause of species turnover along environmental gradients
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Data from: Recovery linked to life history of sessile epifauna following exclusion of towed mobile fishing gear
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Size-selective exclusion of mammals and invertebrates differently affects grassland plant communities depending on vegetation type
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Data from: Long-term nutrient addition and grazing exclusion determine flower abundance, diversity and community composition in high-latitude grasslands
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Long-term livestock exclusion increases plant richness and reproductive capacity in arid woodlands
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Leaf traits predict water‐use eficiency in U.S. Pacific Northwest grasslands under rain exclusion treatment
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The end of the line: Competitive exclusion and the extinction of historical entities
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The impact of contaminants on the accuracy of genome skimming and the effectiveness of exclusion read filters
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Soil Moisture (Tensiometer) Measurements at LTER Floodplain Moisture Exclusion Treatment Plots: 1991-2003 (weekly)
Soil moisture measurements taken with tensiometers in both the control and rainout treatment plots at floodplain sites (FP3A, FP3B and FP3C); performed weekly during summer from 1991-2003.
Soil Moisture (TDR), Temperature, and Precipitation Measurements at UP2A Moisture Exclusion Treatment Plots: 1996-2000
Soil moisture and temperature readings taken with Campbell datalogger and Tektronix1502B Cable tester within control plot and summer rain exclusion plot.
Data from: Fire and grazing controlling a tropical tree line: Effects of long‐term grazing exclusion in Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
<p><span><b>Aims:</b> Tropical tree lines are often associated with abrupt shifts in vegetation, soils and disturbance regimes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We analysed the role of grazing, fuels and fire in maintaining a sharp tree line with flammable heathland above non-flammable forest. </span></p> <p><span><b>Location: </b>Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods: </b>Grazing exclosures, repeated vegetation sampling, soil analyses and burning and sowing experiments along an altitudinal gradient with <i>Hagenia abyssinica</i> forest, <i>Erica trimera</i> forest and <i>Erica</i> heathland; all heavily grazed, the latter burnt on short rotation.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b> Contrary to expectation, livestock exclusion did not increase forest fuel flammability, but instead resulted in a dense carpet of non-flammable herbs. In the heathland, livestock exclusion led to somewhat faster post-fire fuel recovery, but no major vegetation change. Seeding of tree species resulted in some seedling establishment, but notably <i>Hagenia</i> grew poorly in the heathland, even when protected from livestock. A bioassay, as well as observations of outpost trees on atypical soil above the treeline, suggest that this poor growth is caused by the acidic soils, rather than harsh climate. Despite frequent fires, heathland soils had lower pH and higher organic matter content than forest soils. Below the tree line,<i> </i>tree seedling establishment was successful only in forest gaps, and if livestock was excluded. In both forest and heathland rapid vegetative regeneration in the ground flora after disturbance restricted major species shifts. </span></p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that the contrasting fire potential between heathland and forest, and thus the sharp tree line would be maintained, or possibly even accentuated, in the absence of livestock grazing, and that <i>Hagenia</i> colonisation upwards into the heathland is restricted not only by fire and grazing, but also the acidic soils, a legacy of centuries of <i>Erica</i> dominance.</p>
Data from: Changes in ecosystem carbon stocks following grazing exclusion in arid and semiarid grasslands
<ol> <li>Grazing exclusion (GE) is widely considered to be an important strategy for restoring overgrazed grasslands and promoting carbon (C) storage. However, the changes in the components of ecosystem C with GE and their related drivers remain largely unexplored.</li> <li>Here, we investigated the effects of GE on the ecosystem C components (plant and soil C) and their key driving factors through sampling inside and outside 15 grazing exclosures across the Inner Mongolia arid and semiarid grasslands in northern China.</li> <li>Our results showed that, except for dead root C, GE significantly promoted plant C stocks. The increase in AGB and litter C stocks resulted from the accumulation of both biomass and C concentration, while the increase in live root C stock was mainly attributed to biomass accumulation. In contrast, although the topsoil soil C concentration (0-20 cm) showed a marginal increase following GE, its bulk density greatly declined, which resulted in little change in the soil C stocks. Overall, GE had no significant effect on total ecosystem C stocks. Our results further indicated that across the grasslands, GE likely enhanced C accumulation in live roots in humid and fertile sites, while it caused losses of dead root C in relatively humid and fertile sites and increases in arid and infertile sites.</li> <li>We also found that the increases in AGB C, litter C and live root C stocks were driven by the direct effects of GE and its indirect effects mediated by soil water content. The marginal increases in soil C concentration with GE were linked to only high soil water contents. Meta-analysis further revealed that across the grasslands of China, the responses of ecosystem C components to GE were associated with changes in soil water conditions, suggesting the generality of soil water effects at the national scale.</li> <li>Overall, our results showed that across arid and semiarid grasslands, GE is generally beneficial for plant C accumulation but has little effect on soil C stocks. Importantly, our study highlighted the important role of soil water in regulating ecosystem C dynamics with GE across the grasslands of China.</li> </ol>
Uncovering transport, deposition and impact of radionuclides released after the early spring 2020 wildfires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
<p>In the beginning of April 2020, large fires that started in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) established after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 caused media and public concerns about the health impact from the resuspended radioactivity. In this paper, the emissions of previously deposited radionuclides from these fires are assessed and their dispersion and impact on the population is examined relying on the most recent data on radioactive contamination and emission factors combined with satellite observations. About 341 GBq of <sup>137</sup>Cs, 51 GBq of <sup>90</sup>Sr, 2 GBq of <sup>238</sup>Pu, 33 MBq of <sup>239</sup>Pu, 66 MBq of <sup>240</sup>Pu and 504 MBq of <sup>241</sup>Am were released in 1<sup>st</sup>–22<sup>nd</sup> April 2020 or about 1,000,000,000 times lower than the original accident in 1986 and mostly distributed in Central and East Europe. The large size of biomass burning particles carrying radionuclides prevents long-range transport as confirmed by low concentrations reported in Europe. The highest cumulative effective doses (>15 μSv) were calculated for firefighters and the population living in the CEZ, while doses were much lower in Kiev (2–5 μSv) and negligible in Europe. All doses are radiologically insignificant and no health impact on the European population is expected from the April 2020 fires.</p>
Fast and furious: Early differences in growth rate drive short-term plant dominance and exclusion under eutrophication
<p>1. The reduction of plant diversity following eutrophication threatens many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, the mechanisms by which species are lost following nutrient enrichment are still not completely understood, nor are the details of when such mechanisms act during the growing season, which hampers understanding and the development of mitigation strategies.</p> <p>2. Using a common garden competition experiment, we found that early-season differences in growth rates among five perennial grass species measured in monoculture predicted short-term competitive dominance in pairwise combinations and that the proportion of variance explained was particularly greater under a fertilisation treatment.</p> <p>3. We also examined the role of early-season growth rate in determining the outcome of competition along an experimental nutrient gradient in an alpine meadow. Early differences in growth rate between species predicted short-term competitive dominance under both ambient and fertilized conditions and competitive exclusion under fertilized conditions.</p> <p>4. The results of these two studies suggests that plant species growing faster during the early stage of the growing season gain a competitive advantage over species that initially grow more slowly, and that this advantage is magnified under fertilisation. This finding is consistent with the theory of asymmetric competition for light in which fast-growing species can intercept incident light and hence outcompete and exclude slower-growing (and hence shorter) species. We predict that the current chronic nutrient inputs into many terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will reduce plant diversity and maintain a low biodiversity state by continuously favouring fast-growing species. Biodiversity management strategies should focus on controlling nutrient inputs and reducing the growth of fast-growing species early in the season.</p>
FIGURES 81–86 in The empidoid flies (Diptera: Empidoidea, exclusive of Dolichopodidae) of the Russian Arctic islands and Svalbard Archipelago
FIGURES 81–86. Landscapes in different regions of Wrangel Island. 81. middle course of Neozhidannaya River, zonal spotted tundra; 82. middle course of Neozhidannaya River, river valley; 83. coastal Southern plain; 84. environs of Somnitelnaya Bay, Mineev Mtns; 85. central part of Wrangel Island, middle flow of Mamontovaya River, oseir-bed in the river valley; 86. central part of Wrangel Island, spurs of Pervaya Mtn, herb-dryad dry spotted tundra.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.