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FIG. 6 in Recent camel finds from Hungary

FIG. 6. — Lateral aspect of the patella (left) dorsal aspects of a fragmented metacarpus (centre), and unarticulated I and II phalanges from Buda Castle, Teleki Palace (Site 5, Appendix B). A cutmark is shown on the palmar aspect of the phalanx I on the right hand side (Photo László Daróczi-Szabó). Scale bar, 5 cm.

FIG. 2 in Recent camel finds from Hungary

FIG. 2. — Dorsal (left) and palmar aspects of the metacarpus fragment from Aquincum (Site 4, Appendix A; Photo Pál Kenéz). Scale bar, 5 cm.

FIG. 5 in Recent camel finds from Hungary

FIG. 5. — Dorsal, plantar, lateral (left to right) and proximal (top) aspects of a posterior lateral phalanx I of a probably female Bactrian camel from Keszthely (Site 9, Appendix A; Photo Andrea Ko˝ rÖsi). Scale bar, 5 cm.

FIG. 1 in Recent camel finds from Hungary

FIG. 1. — The geographical distribution of camel finds from Hun- gary in relation to ancient imperial borders. A, Roman Period; B, Ottoman Period. Site codes in the map are listed by period in Appendices A-B (Drawing by László Bartosiewicz).

FIG. 3 in Recent camel finds from Hungary

FIG. 3. — Lateral aspects of scapulae from Features 16 and 17-21 and cranial aspect of the 8th thoracic vertebra from Feature 17–21 at Dunavecse–Ugordáció, Site I (Site 6, Appendix A; Photo László Lichtenstein). Scale bar, 5 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Public spendings on housing in Hungary, 1990-2026

This database summarises central government expenditures on housing in Hungary, from the official Budget Acts and Closing Accounts Acts and other sources (e.g. Hungarian Central Statistical Office). The aim of the database was to determine how much money the government has spent on housing since 1990 and how much of this expenditure was socially targeted, i.e. how much was used to reduce housing poverty. The database organises publicly available central budget data into a machine-readable database. Thus, it is also making the government’s management of public funds more transparent. The database was created for <a href="https://www.habitat.hu/">Habitat for Humanity Hungary</a>’s Annual Report on Housing Poverty 2021 (<a href="https://habitat.hu/sites/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Habitat_EvesJelentes_2021_final.pdf">Hungarian</a> / <a href="https://habitat.hu/sites/lakhatasi-jelentes-2021/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Habitat_AnnualReport_2021_EN_FINAL.pdf">English</a>), updated for the 2025 report. Further methodological details are included in the 2021 annual report. File list <ul> <li>description.rtf - Detailed description of the database (in Hungarian and English).</li> <li>lakaskiadasok_values_long.csv - Values of the detailed budget expenditures. Data for each year are in the rows of the table. Budget expenditures were grouped. Data sources are also included in this table. Expenditures are presented in both current and 2025 prices. </li> <li>lakaskiadasok_values_wide.csv - Values of the detailed budget expenditures. Data for each year are in the columns of the table. Budget expenditures were grouped. Data sources are also included in this table. Expenditures are presented in both current and 2025 prices. </li> <li>lakaskiadasok_variables.csv - Description of the variables of the detailed budget expenditures, both in English and in Hungarian. </li> <li>lakastamogatasok_values.csv - Values of the database on the ‘Housing subsidies’ budget line and the data source of each cell. Expenditures are presented in both current and 2024 prices.</li> <li>lakastamogatasok_variables.csv - Description of the variables on the expenditures of the ‘Housing subsidies’ budget line, both in English and Hungarian. </li> <li>price_deflator.csv - Value of the consumer price index used for the conversion to 2025 prices (2025=100).</li> </ul> The dataset and its description is fully bilingual (Hungarian and English).

FIG. 5. — A in A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary

FIG. 5. — A, Scheme of Roman Period morphotypes drafted by Bennet et al. (2016); B, C, position of Langobard dogs in relation to this visual key (females are distinguished by square symbols). Abbreviations: Bp, proximal breadth (von den Driesch 1976); SD, smallest diameter (von den Driesch 1976).

FIG. 4 in A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary

FIG. 4. — Comparison of size distributions of Roman Period dogs in Germania (A; Peters 1997) and Pannonia (B; BÖkÖnyi 1984; Bartosiewicz 1996) with those of Langobard dogs (C).

FIG. 3. — A in A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary

FIG. 3. — A, estimating the withers heights of Langobard dogs. The relationship between first principal component (PC1) scores and skeletal withers heights in the reference material and estimates for the Langobard individuals; B, size distribution enlarged. The withers height (WH) distribution of Langobard dogs summarized in a box plot and histogram, including the Hegykő individuals. Abbreviations: ORL, Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm; w, wolf.

FIG. 2 in A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary

FIG. 2. — The grouping of extant and Langobard dogs (highlighted in yellow) based on the greatest lengths of four long bones. The Euclidean distance of 30 is marked by a dashed line. Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; Non-id, non identified; ORL, Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm.

FIG. 1 in A dog's life: interpreting Migration Period dog burials from Hungary

FIG. 1. — Sites in western Hungary mentioned in the study in relation to central Europe (insert): 1, Zamárdi – KútvÖlgyi-dűlő II; 2, Keszthely – Általános iskola; 3, Dombóvár – TESCO; 4, Ménfőcsanak – BevásárlókÖzpont; 5, Hegykő – Mező. Abbreviations: AT, Austria; CH, Switzerland; CZ, Czech Republic; DE, Germany; HU, Hungary; PL, Poland; SI, Slovenia; SK, Slovakia.

FIG. 7 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 7. — Distribution of Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb.& C.F.Culb. in Hungary after revision.

FIG. 11 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 11. — Distribution of Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F.Culb.in Hungary after revision.

FIG. 4 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 4. — Microcrystal tests of A, imbricaric; B, perlatolic; C, olivetoric acids and D, atranorin in GE solvent (glycerine – acetic acid, 3:1 v/v). Scale bars: 50 µm.

FIG. 6 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 6. — Distribution of Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.in Hungary before revision.

FIG. 10 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 10. — Distribution Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb.& C.F. Culb.in Hungary before revision.

FIG. 2. — A in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 2. — A detail of the chromatographic plate HPTLC nr 74/2014 developed in solvent system C presenting all species under UV 254 nm (A), and sprayed with water (B). Specimens in positions A10-A17 are A10: C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 21529), A11: C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 85318), A12: C. olivetorum (BP 84893), A13: C. cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 21538), A14: C. olivetorum (BP 22787), A15: C. monachorum (BP 45013), A16: C. olivetorum (BP 21508), A17: C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. (BP 93416). Abbreviations of LSMs are according to Table 2.

FIG. 5 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 5. — Thalline lobes with marginal soralia of A, Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; B, C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; C, C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; and D, C. olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 1 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 1. — Differential morphological and chemical features in Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species: A, large, not raised pseudocyphellae on upper cortex of C. chicitae (W.L. Culb.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; B, small, raised pseudocyphellae on upper cortex of C. monachorum (Zahlbr.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.; C, brown lower cortex of C. cetrarioides (Delise) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. without rhizines; D, C+ reaction by NaOCl on marginal soralia of Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. Scale bars: 500 µm.

FIG. 13 in Analysis of lichen secondary chemistry doubled the number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 13. — The number of Cetrelia W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. species after revision in various parts of Hungary.