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FIG. 1. — Euryhaliotrema chaoi n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 1. — Euryhaliotrema chaoi n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view; germarium not totally inked in order to show the dorsal male reproductive organs); B, vagina (ventral view); C, ventral anchor; D, hook; E, copulatory complex (ventral view); F, G, dorsal anchors; H, ventral bar; I, dorsal bar. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-D, F-I, 25 µm; E, 50 µm.

FIG. 12 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 12. — Hypothesis for the evolutionary history of 14 species of Euryhaliotrema n. gen. based on 18 homologous series of morphological characters. Numbers above each branch refer to postulated evolutionary changes as indicated in the character analysis. Numbers below each branch refer to bootstrap support for 1000 replicates; only values ≥ 50% are presented. Tree length = 30; Consistency Index = 66.7%; Retention Index = 83.1%.

FIG. 8 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 8. — Euryhaliotrema carbunculus (Hargis, 1955) n. comb.; A, whole mount (dorsal view); B, copulatory complex (dorsal view); C, hook; D, vagina (dorsal view); E, ventral bar; F, dorsal bar; G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 7. — Euryhaliotrema atlantica n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 7. — Euryhaliotrema atlantica n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, copulatory complex (ventral view); D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, ventral anchor; G, hook; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 11 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 11. — Sclerotized structures of Euryhaliotrema n. gen. species; A-G; Euryhaliotrema chrysotaeniae (Young, 1968) n. comb.; A, vagina (ventral view); B, ventral anchor; C, dorsal anchor; D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, hook; G, copulatory complex (ventral view); H-N; Euryhaliotrema lutiani (Yamaguti, 1953) n. comb.; H, ventral anchor; I, dorsal anchor; J, ventral bar; K, dorsal bar; L, vagina (ventral view); M, hook; N, copulatory complex (dorsal view); O-U; Euryhaliotrema johni (Tripathi, 1959) n. comb.; O, ventral anchor; P, dorsal anchor; Q, ventral bar; R, vagina (ventral view); S, hook; T, copulatory complex (ventral view); U, dorsal bar. Scale bar: 25 µm.

FIG. 5. — Euryhaliotrema monacanthus n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 5. — Euryhaliotrema monacanthus n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, hook; D, copulatory complex (ventral view); E, ventral bar; F, ventral anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-F, 25 µm.

FIG. 4. — Euryhaliotrema thatcheri n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 4. — Euryhaliotrema thatcheri n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, copulatory complex (ventral view); D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, ventral anchor; G, hook; H, I, dorsal anchors. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-I, 25 µm.

Fig. 15 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 15. Histological section carried out through caudal-fin of Hysteronotus megalostomus (MZUSP 85978, 34.9 mm SL); A: 10x magnification; B: 40x magnification; sc = scales; mc = mucous cells; br = branched ray. Scale bar = 20 μm.

Fig. 14 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 14. Spermatozoa of Lepidocharax diamantina (MNRJ 21997, 34.7 mm SL) A: Longitudinal section of spermatozoa. Note the position of the nucleus (n) in relation to the flagellar axis, the position of the double nuclear fossa (double arrow), the midpiece and the cytoplasmic canal (*) into which is the initial segment of the flagellum (f). B-C: Cross sections at different levels of the nucleus showing large vesicles (v) in the surrounding cytoplasmic layer. D-F: Cross sections at different levels of the strongly asymmetric midpiece, from the base of the nucleus (n) to the midpiece end exposing the cytoplasmic canal (*) and the distribution of the few elongate mitochondria (m) accumulated in the major portion of the midpiece. G: Cross section of the flagella with the classic axoneme (a).

Fig. 12 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 12. Spermatozoa of Planaltina myersi (MZUSP 100642, 32.1 mm SL). A: Longitudinal section of spermatozoa. Note the lateral position of the nucleus (n) in relation to the flagellar axis, the midpiece and the cytoplasmic canal (*) into which is the initial segment of the flagellum (f). Inset: The proximal centriole is anterior and in an obtuse angle in relation to the distal centriole. Innumerable fibrils or striated centriolar rootlets radiate from the distal centriole (p), surround the tip of the nucleus forming a thick cap. B-E: Cross sections at different levels of the nucleus showing the lateral position of the distal centriole (c). F-G: Cross sections at different levels of the strongly asymmetric midpiece with some spherical mitochondria (m) accumulated in major portion.

Fig. 13 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 13. Spermatozoa of Lepidocharax burnsi (MCP 34828, paratype, 31.9 mm SL) A: Longitudinal section of spermatozoa. Note the lateral position of the nucleus (n) in relation to the flagellar axis, the midpiece and the cytoplasmic canal (*) into which is the initial segment of the flagellum (f). The distal and proximal centrioles are outside the single and shadow nuclear fossa. Inset: The centriolar complex is associated at the tip of the nucleus. B-D: Cross sections at different levels of the nucleus showing the lateral position of the distal centriole (c) and the flagellum (f). E-G: Cross sections at different levels of the strongly asymmetric midpiece with some spherical mitochondria (m) accumulated in the major portion. H: Cross section of the flagella with the classic axoneme (a).

Fig. 11 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 11. Light micrographs through mature ovaries of Lepidocharax. Arrows show spermatozoa (sp). A: Lepidocharax diamantina (MNRJ 21997, 40.4 mm SL). B: Lepidocharax burnsi (MCP 34828, 29.9 mm SL).

Fig. 16 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 16. Scanning electron micrograph of dorsal cranium region. Arrows evidencing the groove in the head above the eyes; A: Diapoma terofali (MCP 11491, 70x magnification) groove reduced, shallow, not well delineated and with only few neuromasts; B: Hysteronotus megalostomus (MZUSP 85978, 50x magnification) groove developed, depth, well delineated and with numerous neuromasts. Anterior to right.

Fig. 9. Lepidocharax burnsi, LIRP 2069 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 9. Lepidocharax burnsi, LIRP 2069, paratype, 34.0 mm SL, adult male. Upper and lower jaws, right side, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 4. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997, paratypes, 38.0 mm SL. Upper and lower jaws, left side, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 7. Lepidocharax burnsi, holotype, female, MCP 45718, 34.4 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Brumadinho, rio Paraopeba.

Fig. 5. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 5. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997, paratypes, male, 32.3 mm SL. Caudal-fin squamation, lateral view, left side.

Fig. 3 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 3. Hooks on anal-fin rays of Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997, paratypes, 38.0 mm SL, adult male.

Fig. 2 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 2. Lepidocharax diamantina, holotype, male, MNRJ 37509, 38.8 mm SL: Brazil, Bahia, Palmeiras, rio Santo Antônio.

Fig. 1 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 1. Maximally parsimonious hypothesis of relationships within the Lepidocharax based on 153 characters.