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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Characterisation and comparison of Mycoplasma bovis strain types from Irish and Scottish bovine isolates in a global context - code and datasets.

The objectives of this paper were to firstly, characterise the strains and genetic diversity within isolates of Mycoplasma bovis collected from clinical samples of bovine respiratory disease in Ireland and Scotland, and secondly, to provide a global phylogenetic context to these isolates.  This archive contains associated Jupyter notebooks and metadata used in the analysis for the study.

opencc-by-4.0May 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Delatylus andersoni n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) Isolated from White Pine (Pinus monticola) Lumber from USA and Intercepted in Ningbo, China

Figure 1: Line drawings of female Delatylus andersoni n. gen., n. sp: (A) head and pharynx, (B) lip region and stylet, (C) deirids, (D) vulva and the anus viewed ventrally, (E) vulva and the tail viewed laterally, (F) oviduct and quadricolumella, (G) oocytes.

Figure 5 in Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation

Figure 5. Comparison of observed values versus predicted values by the final model according to age. The observed values are in green bars, while for the predicted values the red point represents the mean prediction and the blue segment the 95% confidence interval of the prediction. The number above the blue segment is the number of observations for this particular class of age.

Figure 2 in Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation

Figure 2. Geographical variation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence of French bovine samples according to the area of slaughtering and to age categories: (A) calves; (B) adults; (C) bovines overall (calves and adults). The numbers represent the number of samples collected for each region.

Figure 1 in Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation

Figure 1. (A) Map of French beef production according to the Ministry of Agriculture database. The colour gradient represents the number of cattle slaughtered in 2007. (B) The numbers represent the number of slaughterhouses per region that were included in the cross-sectional survey of Toxoplasma gondii presence in beef produced in France.

Figure 4 in Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation

Figure 4. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in bovines of French origin (adults + calves) accordingly to the age and the titer (6; 10; 25; 50; 100; 200).

Figure 3 in Toxoplasma gondii in beef consumed in France: regional variation in seroprevalence and parasite isolation

Figure 3. Terminal titer of the modified agglutination test (MAT) for French origin samples in relation to age (A) for all samples (n = 2348) (age in years); (B) only for bovines less than 1 year (n = 601) (age in months). The number of observations at each month of age is given at the top of the corresponding bar.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

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Data from: Differential neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral impacts of early-age isolation in a Eusocial insect

Social experience early in life appears to be necessary for the development of species-typical behavior. Although isolation during critical periods of maturation has been shown to impact behavior through gene expression and brain development in invertebrates and vertebrates, workers of some ant species appear resilient to social deprivation and other neurobiological challenges that occur during senescence or due to loss of sensory input. It is unclear if and to what degree neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and behavior will show deficiencies if social experience in the early adult life of worker ants is compromised. We reared workers of Camponotus floridanus from adult eclosion under conditions of social isolation for two to 53 days, quantified brain compartment volumes, recorded biogenic amine levels in individual brains, and evaluated movement and behavioral performance to compare the neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, brood-care behavior, and foraging (predatory behavior) of isolated workers with that of workers experiencing natural social contact after adult eclosion. We found that the volume of the antennal lobe, which processes olfactory inputs, was significantly reduced in workers isolated for an average 40 days, whereas the size of the mushroom bodies, centers of higher-order sensory processing, increased after eclosion and was not significantly different from controls. Titers of the neuromodulators serotonin, dopamine, and octopamine remained stable and were not significantly different in isolation treatments and controls. Brood care, predation, and overall movement were reduced in workers lacking social contact early in life. These results suggest that the behavioral development of isolated workers of C. floridanus is specifically impacted by a reduction in the size of the antennal lobe. Task performance and locomotor ability therefore appear to be sensitive to a loss of social contact through a reduction of olfactory processing ability rather than change in the size of the mushroom bodies, which serve important functions in learning and memory, or the central complex, which controls movement.

Fig 4 in Campylobacter portucalensis sp. nov., a new species of Campylobacter isolated from the preputial mucosa of bulls

Fig 4. Subsystem category distribution in the genome of isolate FMV-PI01, based on the RAST server. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227500.g004

Fig 3 in Campylobacter portucalensis sp. nov., a new species of Campylobacter isolated from the preputial mucosa of bulls

Fig 3. Phylogenetic tree based on hsp60 gene sequences of Campylobacter species, reconstructed by the neighbourjoining method. Bootstrap values (%) obtained from 1000 simulations are indicated at the nodes. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are not shown. Bar: 0.050 substitutions per site. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227500.g003

Fig 1 in Campylobacter portucalensis sp. nov., a new species of Campylobacter isolated from the preputial mucosa of bulls

Fig 1. Electron micrographs of isolate FMV-PI01. (A) Transmission electron microscope micrograph in longitudinal and transverse views. Scale bar, 500 nm. (B) Scanning electron microscope micrograph in detail. Scale bar, 2 μm (C) Scanning electron microscope micrograph with evident long filamentous cells (white arrow). Scale bar, 2 μm.

Fig 2 in Campylobacter portucalensis sp. nov., a new species of Campylobacter isolated from the preputial mucosa of bulls

Fig 2. Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of Campylobacter species, reconstructed by the neighbour-joining method. Bootstrap values (%) obtained from 1000 simulations are indicated at the nodes. Bootstrap values lower than 70% are not shown. Bar: 0.0050 substitutions per site. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227500.g002

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in A New Species of Flamella (Amoebozoa, Variosea, Gracilipodida) Isolated from a Freshwater Pool in Southern Mississippi, USA

Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of Flamella piscinae n. sp. A – locomotive form with trailing filaments; B – locomotive form; C – locomotive form with subpseudopodia; D – locomotive form; E – cytokinesis; F – floating form; G – floating form; H – single cyst; I – cyst enveloped within multiple walls; J – cysts sharing walls; K – cysts sharing walls in a linear conformation. Scale bar: 10 µm. All images are to scale.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on SSU rDNA sequences showing the position of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. using GTR + I + G as nucleotide substitution model. The new sequence from the present study is indicated by bold font (arrow). Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values from ML and the posterior probabilities from BI. Accession numbers are provided after species names. Clades representing different orders of the subclass stichotrichia are shaded. "–" at the nodes indicate disagreement between the two methods. The scale bar corresponds to 0.01 expected substitutions per site.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 5. Line diagrams and photomicrographs of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. showing morphogenetic stages on the dorsal surface after protargol impregnation. A, C – within row dorsal primordia formation for proter and opisthe with posterior thickening to form caudal cirri (arrows); B, D – unequal split of the third dorsal primordia (arrows); caudal cirri formed in 2 + 2 + 3 pattern (double arrows) at the ends of DK for proter and opisthe. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs showing morphogenetic stages on ventral surface of protargol impregnated cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – de novo origin of OP (arrowheads); C – POVC (arrowheads) not contributing to OP; D – dissagregation of V/4 and V/3 (arrowhead), movement of kinetosomes from OP to anterior region of the cell (arrow); E – elongation of two primary primordia (arrowhead), kinetosomes moved from OP to contribute in the formation of IIp (arrow); F – splitting of primary primordia (arrowhead), composite origin of IIp from OP and cirrus II/2 (arrow); G – primordia Vp and VIp (arrowhead) formed from splitting of primary primordia; H – full complement of 6 FVT primordia (arrowheads); I – differentiation of new FVT cirri (arrowhead); J – newly formed DMs on the ventral surface (arrowhead); K – cell in cytokinesis. OP – oral primordium. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 3. Line diagrams showing morphogenetic stages on ventral surface of protargol impregnated cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – origin of OP apokinetally between the LMC and POVC for the opisthe; C – reorganization of parental UM (arrow), disaggregation of II/2 (arrowhead), III/2 (double arrowhead) and V/4 (double arrow) to form primordia IIp, IIIp and Vo respectively, kinetosomes from OP form primordia Io and IIo; D – dissagregation of IV/3 to form primordium IVp (arrow); kinetosomes from OP move anteriorly (arrowhead); the two primary primordia, one each formed from disaggregation of V/4 and V/3 split transversely (double arrow) to form primordia V and VI for proter and opisthe; E – full complement of 6 FVT primordia Ip to VIp (arrowhead) and Io to VIo (double arrowhead); F – within-row marginal primordia formation for RMC (arrowheads) and LMC (double arrowheads); G – differentiation of cirri in 1, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4 pattern; H – late divider showing formation of new dorsomarginals (arrowheads) close to newly formed RMC. LMC – left marginal cirri; OP – oral primordium. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 2. Line diagrams showing protargol impregnated vegetative cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A – ventral surface; B – dorsal surface. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK1–4 – dorsal kineties, DM1, 2 – dorsomarginals, EM – endoral membrane, LMC – left marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, RMC – right marginal cirri, II/2 – buccal cirri, I/1, II/3, III/3 – frontal cirri, VI/4, VI/3, IV/3, III/2 – frontoventral cirri, – IV/2, V/4, V/3 – postoral ventral cirri, V/2 and VI/2 – pretransverse ventral cirri, II/1, III/1, IV/1, V/1, VI/1 – transverse cirri. Scale bar: 20 µm.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic and Morphogenetic Description of the Freshwater Ciliate Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. (Ciliophora; Oxytrichidae) Isolated from Sanjay Lake, Delhi, India

Fig. 1. Photomicrographs of live (A, B, E, F, G, H, J, K), protargol impregnated (C, D, I, L, M) and Feulgen stained (N) cells of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. A, B – cells in ventral view; C – ventral view of a vegetative cell with 5 transverse cirri arranged in a pseudo row (arrow); D – dorsal view of a vegetative cell; E – ventral view to show the arrangement of cortical granules (arrowheads) and colou- ration; F, G and H – ventral view of different cells showing flexible body; I – anterior portion of the dorsal surface showing dorsal rows (arrowhead); J – anterior portion of the cell showing contractile vacuole (arrowhead); K – cyst; L – anterior hook (arrowhead) of paroral membrane; M – dorsal view showing caudal cirri (2 + 2 + 3) (arrowheads); N – two macronuclei. AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, LMC – left marginal cirri, RMC – right marginal cirri. Scale bars: 20 µm.

Fig. 5 in Peculiarities of Trypanosoma rangeli KP1(-) Strains Isolated from the Wild Rodent Phyllomys dasythrix (Santa Catarina, Brazil): Comparisons with T. rangeli KP1(+) strains and Trypanosoma lewisi (Kinetoplastea, Trypanosomatidae)

Fig. 5. kDNA minicircle amplicons presented by all KP1(+) and KP1(–) Trypanosoma rangeli strains examined in this study, and obtained by polymerase chain reaction using the primers 121/122. (M) molecular marker (100-bp DNA ladder).