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Figure 1. Retrooecobius lwini Jiang & Li in Twenty new spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) from Late Cretaceous Kachin amber (Myanmar)

Figure 1. Retrooecobius lwini Jiang & Li, sp. nov., holotype male (IZCAS-Ar42683Fo). A. Left palp, retrolateral view; B–C. Right palp (B. Retrolateral view; C. Ventral view); D. Left palp, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.

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Figure 3 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)

Figure 3. General habitus of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331, under confocal microscopy. A. Dorsal view; B. Ventral view. Scale bars = 400 μm.

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Figure 4 in Minute clubbed beetles with cephalic horns in midCretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Monotomidae)

Figure 4. Details of Cretakarenni shaoi Li & Cai, sp. nov., holotype, male, NIGP177331, under confocal microscopy. A. Mouthparts, ventral view; B. Antenna, dorsal view; C. Prothorax, ventral view; D. Mesothorax, ventral view; E. Hind legs, ventral view; F. Abdominal base, ventral view; G. Head, dorsal view, showing the setose projections on vertex (arrowhead); H. Scutellum, dorsal view; I. Elytral apex, dorsal view. Abbreviations: an10—antennomere 10; el—elytron; lbp—labial palp; md—mandible; msv— mesoventrite; mtc—metacoxa; mtf—metafemur; mtt1–4—metatarsomeres 1–4; mtv—metaventrite; mxp—maxillary palp; pc— procoxa; pn—pronotum; ps—prosternum; ptcn—protrochantin; sc—scutellum; v1, 2—ventrites 1, 2. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Fig. 7. Habitat and live colouration. A–D in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 7. Habitat and live colouration. A–D, Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species: A, habitat; B, paratype, ovigerous female (SEABRIDYX3); C, D, holotype, male (NNU16-DYX1). E–G, Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species: E, habitat; F, G, holotype, male (NNU16-BG1).

Fig. 2. Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species. A–C, E, G in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 2. Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species. A–C, E, G, holotype, male, 39.72 × 31.98 mm, NNU16-DYX1; D, F, H, paratype, female, SEABRI-DYX3, 36.18 × 30.72 mm. A, dorsal view; B, D, ventral views; C, frontal view; E, F, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; G, ventral view showing sterno-pleonal cavity with G1 in situ; H, thoracic sternum and vulvae. Scale bars = 1.0 cm.

Fig. 6. Gonopods. A–C in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 6. Gonopods. A–C, Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-DYX1; D–F, Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-BG1. A, D, left G1 (ventral view); B, E, left G1 (dorsal view); C, F, left G2 (ventral view). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 1. Sampling sites for Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species (dark blue), Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species (light blue), and Paratelphusula gibbosa Ng & Kosuge, 1997 (yellow) in Myanmar.

Fig. 5 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 5. Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-BG1. A, left third maxilliped (dorsal view); B, left G1 (dorsal view); C, left G1 (ventral view); D, left G2 (ventral view). Scale bars: A = 1.0 cm; B–D = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4. Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species. A–F, H in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 4. Lobothelphusa thewanica, new species. A–F, H, holotype, male, 31.44 × 26.14 mm, NNU16-BG1; G, I, paratype, female, 32.84 × 26.88 mm, NNU16-BG2. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, frontal view; D, major chela (dorsal view); E, right third ambulatory leg (dorsal view); F, G, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum and pleon; H, ventral view showing sterno-pleonal cavity with G1 in situ; I, thoracic sternum and vulvae. Scale bars = 1.0 cm.

Fig. 3 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 3. Lobothelphusa bagoensis, new species, holotype, male, NNU16-DYX1. A, major chela (dorsal view); B, right third ambulatory leg (dorsal view); C, left third maxilliped (dorsal view); D, left G1 (dorsal view); E, left G1 (ventral view); F, left G2 (ventral view). Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 cm; D–F = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 8 in On two new species of the genus Lobothelphusa Bouvier, 1917 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae: Potaminae) from the Pegu Range, central Myanmar

Fig. 8. The phylogenetic tree (BI and ML) for the Lobothelphusa species and other freshwater crabs based on 16S rDNA. Posterior probabilities and bootstrap values (PP/BV) are indicated on branches. The new species and new sequences in this study are indicated in bold.

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Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)

Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 7. Map showing the distribution of Herpetoreas davidi sp. nov. in Rakhine Yoma Elephant Sanctuary, Rakhine, Myanmar (red stars). 1. Daung Stream (type locality). 2. Kyat Stream. Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) sensu stricto in red circles, Hebius khasiensis (Boulenger, 1890) in blue diamonds, and Hebius cf. khasiensis in blue triangle. Our estimated distribution range for Herpetoreas xenura sensu stricto is shaded in red. See Appendix IV for the corresponding locality numbers of the other taxa presented in the map.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 5. Herpetoreas davidi sp. nov. A–F. Holotype, ♂ (CAS 222969) in preservation. A. Lateral view of the head, right side. B. Lateral view of the head, left side. C. Ventral view of the head. D. Dorsal view of the head. E. General dorsal view. F. General ventral view. G–H. Paratype, ♀ (CAS 220256). G. General dorsal view. H. General ventral view. Photos by G. Vogel.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 4. Hebius khasiensis (Boulenger, 1890). A–F. Specimen juvenile, sex unknown, in preservative (CAS 232203). A. Lateral view of the head, right side. B. Lateral view of the head, left side. C. Dorsal view of the head. D. Ventral view of the head. E. General dorsal view. F. General ventral view. G. Tropidonotus khasiensis, syntype, ♂ (NHMUK 1946.1.13.62), lateral view of the head, right side. H. Natrix gilhodesi Wall, 1925, holotype, ♂ (NHMUK 1946.1.12.81), lateral view of the head, right side. Photos by G. Vogel.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 3. Species delimitation by ASAP using Cytb gene sequence of the genera Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854, Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961, Hebius Thompson, 1913, Herpetoreas Günther, 1860, and Sahyadriophis Patel, Thackeray, Campbell & Mirza, 2023. The columns represent the different species group partitions, and the colours depict species hypothesis in each partition. The values above the column represent the number of inferred species in the partition (upper value) and the ASAP-score (lower value). The ASAP-score of the best partition selected is indicated in red. The Neighbour-joining cladogram (right) supports the species delimitation on the bar charts (left). The colour dots correspond to the probability of the nodes, darker colour depicts lower probability, and uncalculated probability is shown in grey dot.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 1. Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907), in preservative. A. Holotype (lost), sex unknown. B. ♂, general dorsal, ventral, and head view (MZMU 1211). C. ♀, general dorsal and ventral view (MZMU 3271). Drawing (A) by J. Green Delet Lith in Wall (1907). Photos by G. Vogel (A–C).

Fig. 2. A in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 2. A. Bayesian Inference (BI) phylogenetic tree based on the fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene among the genera: Amphiesma Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854, Amphiesmoides Malnate, 1961, Hebius Thompson, 1913, Herpetoreas Günther, 1860, and Sahyadriophis Patel, Thackeray, Campbell & Mirza, 2023. The posterior probability (PP) support values are given at each branch. B. Ordination of standardized p-distance of the genera: Amphiesma, Amphiesmoides, Hebius, Herpetoreas, and Sahyadriophis (excluding outgroup) along the first and second principal coordinate (PCo) axes where a total of 56% and 13% of variance are captured by PCo1 and PCo2, respectively. C. Ordination of standardized p-distance of Herpetoreas along the first and second PCo axes where a total of 52% and 16% of variance are captured by PCo1 and PCo2, respectively.

Fig. 6. A–F in Taxonomic reassessment of the Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) (Squamata: Serpentes: Natricidae) from Myanmar with description of a new species

Fig. 6. A–F. Herpetoreas xenura (Wall, 1907) in life. A–C. Mizoram, India. D–F. Kaptai National Park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. G–I. Hebius khasiensis (Boulenger, 1890) in life. G. Tamdil, Mizoram, India. H. Bhamo, Kachin, Myanmar. I. Nakhon Thai, Phitsanulok, Thailand. Photos by G. Vogel (A–C), Reza (2010) (D–E), P. Shinde (G), K.C. Ouyang (H), and P. Pawangkhanant (I).