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388 results for “organic matter”
Integrating ecosystem metabolism and consumer allochthony reveals nonlinear drivers in lake organic matter processing
<p>Lakes process both terrestrial and aquatic organic matter, and the relative contribution from each source is often measured via ecosystem metabolism and terrestrial resource use in the food web (i.e., consumer allochthony). Yet, ecosystem metabolism and consumer allochthony are rarely considered together, despite possible interactions and potential for them to respond to the same lake characteristics. In this study, we compiled global datasets of lake gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and zooplankton allochthony to compare the strength and shape of relationships with physicochemical characteristics across a broad set of lakes. GPP was positively related to total phosphorus (TP) in lakes with intermediate TP concentrations (11 - 75 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) and was highest in lakes with intermediate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. While ER and GPP were strongly positively correlated, decoupling occurred at high DOC concentrations. Lastly, allochthony had a unimodal relationship with TP and related variably to DOC. By integrating metabolism and allochthony, we identified similar change points in GPP and zooplankton allochthony at intermediate DOC (4.5 - 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) and TP (8 - 20 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) concentrations, indicating that allochthony and GPP may be coupled and inversely related. The ratio of DOC : nutrients also helped to identify conditions where lake organic matter processing responded more to autochthonous or allochthonous organic matter sources. As lakes globally face eutrophication and browning, predicting how lake organic matter processing will respond requires an updated paradigm that incorporates nonlinear dynamics and interactions.</p>
Seasonal dynamics of sinking organic matter in the Pacific Arctic Ocean revealed by nitrogen isotope ratios of amino acids
<p><span>The Pacific Arctic Ocean has experienced a rapidly changing climate, sea-ice retreat, and enhanced primary production over the past few decades. The export production generated by photoautotrophs and heterotrophs has been characterized in the Arctic Ocean, but their seasonal variations in relative proportion are largely unknown due to the limited access in the ice-covered season. We measured the concentration and nitrogen isotope ratio of individual amino acids from sinking particles in the northern east Siberian Sea (KAMS1), northern Chukchi Sea (KAMS2), and Northwind Ridge (KAMS4) from August 2017 to July 2019. </span><span>The average trophic position, based on differences in the nitrogen isotope ratios of glutamic acid and phenylalanine, can indicate the relative proportions of biogenic organic matters derived from photoautotrophs and heterotrophs in sinking particles. Decreasing values (close to 1.0) in summer at KAMS2 in 2018 suggest that primary producers are responsible for most of the downward flux of sinking particles. However, the average trophic position at KAMS1 in 2017 increased to > 1.5 in autumn and was maintained at approximately 1.7 during ice-covered winter periods, likely due to greater contributions from heterotrophic organisms. Exceptionally high average trophic positions (close to 2.0) of sinking particles in summer at KAMS1 in 2017 and KAMS4 in 2018 were likely due to small export of photoautotrophs due to the surface seawater stratification and limited pelagic production. </span><span>T</span><span>he average trophic position in sinking particles should reflect the spatiotemporal variation in export particle composition in the </span><span>Pacific Arctic Ocean</span><span>.</span></p>
Rare soil microbial taxa regulate the negative effects of land degradation drivers on soil organic matter decomposition
<p>1. Land degradation drivers, including loss in vegetation and eutrophication, are expected to impact soil biodiversity and functions in drylands world-wide. Soils contain both common and rare microbial taxa that drive multiple soil functions. Yet, little is known about how these microbial taxa influence the impacts of land degradation drivers on ecosystem functions. Obtaining this information is essential to determine whether rare taxa need to be protected, or if protecting only common taxa would be enough to sustain and protect ecosystem functions and services.</p> <p>2. Here, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of N-enrichment and vegetation loss (plant removal), which are two major land degradation drivers in semi-arid grasslands, on the diversities of common and rare soil bacterial and fungal taxa and soil function [soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition] in a long-term experiment.</p> <p>3. Six years after N-enrichment and vegetation loss, we found that N-enrichment decreased the alpha diversities of common and rare soil bacteria and rare soil fungi, while vegetation loss only decreased the alpha diversity of rare soil fungi. Both N-enrichment and vegetation loss altered the community composition of common and rare bacteria and fungi, except for the lack of response of common soil fungi to the vegetation loss. Moreover, both structural equation modelling and variation partitioning analyses show that land degradation drivers reduce SOM decomposition, and these were also indirectly associated with changes in the diversity of rare microbial taxa, especially that of bacteria.</p> <p>4.<em> Synthesis and applications</em>. Collectively, this work shows that land degradation can have negative impacts on soil biodiversity and functions, and the rare microbial taxa indirectly regulate the impacts of land degradation on ecosystem functioning. These results indicate that the rare microbial taxa can be used as one of the ecological indicators for identifying land degradation in the semi-arid grasslands. These findings are essential to understand the future impacts of desertification and land degradation on rare microbial taxa–function relationships in global drylands.</p>
The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter
<p>The accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) is vital to the agronomic and environmental functioning of agroecosystems, yet the relative influence of inherent soil properties and agricultural management practices on SOM dynamics are not often addressed in individual studies. Using a network of 218 operating farm fields across Wisconsin and southern Minnesota, USA, this research employs single variable analysis (ANOVA and regression) and regression tree analysis to assess the effects of soil properties (texture, drainage class, pH) and management variables related to crop rotation, tillage, cover cropping, and manure application on SOM, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the upper 15 cm. Single variable analysis revealed that greater SOM, TOC, and TN were associated with poorly drained soil, tile-drained fields, high-clay content soil, and high biomass crop rotations. Soil organic matter (SOM) and TOC were strongly related (R<sup>2</sup>=0.71), but different regression trees were produced; SOM was most influenced by clay content, while TOC was most influenced by drainage class. Future assessment for the building of SOM or TOC should be conducted with drainage and texture class categories and on a regional basis, given that these factors influence the practices that occur within landscapes. A rapid building of data sets through unstructured sampling, including an abundance of meta-data, should be a research priority in agricultural science to identify practices to build SOM on a regional basis.</p>
Development of volatility distributions for organic matter in biomass burning emissions
<p>We present a novel filter-in-tube sorbent tube method to collect S/I-VOC samples from a range of biomass burning experiments and find that volatility distributions are relatively consistent with prior findings and across the tested combustion types.</p>
Seasonal concentrations and fluxes of dissolved, soluble, and colloidal Fe and dissolved organic matter amount and composition (DOC and PARAFAC)
<p>These datasets accompany the following manuscript:</p> <p>Logozzo, L.A.*, Hosen, J.D., McArthur, J., and Raymond, P.A. Distinct drivers of two size fractions of operationally dissolved Fe in a temperate river. Limnology and Oceanography.</p> <p>*Corresponding Author: Laura A. Logozzo, laura.logozzo@uleth.ca</p> <p>Datasets:</p> <p>1- Fe-DOM-EMMA-merged.xlsx: this dataset includes operationally dissolved (<0.22 µm), colloidal (0.02-0.22 µm), and soluble (<0.02 µm) DOC concentrations, total Fe concentrations, PARAFAC component scores <0.22 µm, and end-member mixing model scores <0.22 µm. Samples were collected approximately bi-weekly from the Connecticut River at Thompsonville from April 2018 to March 2020.</p> <p>2- Loadest-merged.xlsx: this dataset includes LOADEST-modeled daily-average and monthly-average fluxes of operationally dissolved (<0.22 µm), colloidal (0.02-0.22 µm), and soluble (<0.02 µm) Fe, DOC <0.22 µm, and allochthonous-like DOC <0.22 µm.</p> <p>All methodology is described in the accompanied manuscript.</p>
Data from: Phosphorus limitation determines the quality of dissolved organic matter released by marine heterotrophic prokaryotes
<p>We determined phosphorus (P) limitation effect on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by heterotrophic prokaryotes (HP). We grew 2 single bacterial strains, Photobacterium angustum and Sphingopyxis alaskensis, and natural HP communities collected in fall and spring from the Mediterranean Sea, on glucose under 2 treatments: P-replete vs. P-limiting. DOM release by HP comprised up to 30 % of the initial carbon provided for growth. P availability influenced carbon allocation to different cellular processes (respiration vs. growth), but did not significantly affect the quantity of DOM released by HP. However, using fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrated an effect of P-limitation on DOM quality, with a predominance of humic-like compounds under P-limitation but protein-like compounds under P-repletion. Our results suggest that P-limitation could determine the fate of HP-derived DOM in the ocean, thus affecting the microbial carbon pump.</p>
Data for: Water depth and transparency drive the quantity and quality of organic matter in sediments of Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau
<p>The primary objectives of the study were to: (i) determine OM quantity and quality in the sediments of alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, (ii) identify the primary environmental regulators of OM quantity and quality, and (iii) reveal OM transformations in the water column and sediments.</p> <p>Firstly, we collected sediments and lake water from 20 lakes with diverse morphology and sizes across the entire Tibetan Plateau.</p> <p>Secondly, We analyzed the bulk sedimentary OM and two leachable pools of the sedimentary OM, i.e., water-soluble OM and alkaline-extracted OM combining elemental and stable isotopic analysis, optical measurements (i.e., absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy), and ultrahigh-resolution molecular techniques (i.e., electrospray ionization-assisted Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI FT-ICR MS). We also measured the lake water physicochemical characteristics (i.e., depth, transparency, salinity, turbidity, DO, pH, TN, TP and Chl a), as well as the composition of dissolved OM in water column via optical measurements.</p> <p>Thirdly, we performed statistical analysis to determine the primary environmental control and predictors of the spatial variability in sedimentary OM on the Tibetan Plateau. The statistical analysis included non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc test, redundancy analysis, and linear regression models.</p> <p>Main results of the study are that (i) sedimentary water-soluble OM and alkaline-extracted OM were both dominated by low-molecular-weight, low-aromaticity compounds with low contributions of terrestrial humic substances, suggesting that sedimentary leachable OM was primarily regulated by in-lake sources and processes; (ii) water depth, water transparency, and total phosphorus concentration in water column explained ~50% variance of sedimentary bulk and leachable OM, substantiating the importance of autochthonous sources and primary productivity in regulating the quantity and quality of sedimentary OM; (iii) in comparison to lake surface water DOM, water-soluble OM and alkaline-extracted OM from sediments had higher proportions of terrestrial humic-like substances, suggesting preferential preservation of allochthonous materials in the sediments.</p>
Soil microbial community, dissolved organic matter and nutrient cycling interactions change along an elevation gradient in subtropical China
<p>This table contains data on soil dissolved organic matter at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain, China, which is attached to the manuscript submitted to Journal of Environmental Management (Manuscript ID:JEMA-D-23-01912). </p>
Supplementary material – Sedimentary organic matter accumulation provinces in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic: insights from multiple bulk proxies and machine learning analysis
<p>Table S1 - Supplementary material: a complete dataset of the bulk and isotopic composition of organic matter, pigments, biopolymers, and related indices obtained in surface sediments from the Santos Basin. </p>
Data for: Human activity coupled with climate change strengthens the role of lakes as an active pipe of dissolved organic matter
<p>This dataset contains data from an investigation to resolve the relative importance of multiple environmental drivers on the quantity and quality of chromophoric DOM in lakes at the continental scales. The study is described in the paper: "Du Y., Chen F., Zhang Y., He H., Wen S., Huang X., Song C., Li. K., Wang J., Kellings D., and Lu Y. 2023. Human activity coupled with climate change strengthens the role of lakes as an active pipe of dissolved organic matter, Earth's Future, in press". </p> <p>The primary objectives of the study were to (i) quantity the magnitude of environmental drivers modulating lacustrine DOM quantity and quality at a continental scale, including climate, land cover, societal development, and water retention time, and (ii) unravel individual and interactive effects of the environmental drivers.</p> <p>Firstly, we constructed a structural equation model framework that incorporated both direct and indirect pathways.</p> <p>Secondly, we collected a continental-scale dataset of lake DOM quantity and quality, along with the corresponding environmental driver variables from a group of carefully selected lakes (n=182).</p> <p>Lastly, we established structure equation models to analyze DOM quantity and quality variations as a function of the four environmental drivers.</p> <p>The main results include: (1) land cover and societal development both exhibit positive direct effects on lake CDOM quantity, highlighting the significant role of well-vegetated soils and anthropogenic activities as sources of lake DOM on a continental scale. (2) Climate has two strong but opposite effects –a warming and wet climate facilitates soil OM production and export but also enhances CDOM in-lake transformation. (3) Three proxies are proposed as indicators of the magnitude of biogeochemical drivers influencing lake DOM across ecoclimatic zones, including fluorescent DOM/DOC indicating economic activity, percentages of a degraded fluorescent DOM component indicating solar irradiation, and percent tyrosine-like DOM reflecting DOM processing time within the watershed and lake.</p>
Unraveling the Persistence of Deep Podzolized Carbon: Insights from Organic Matter Characterization
<p>Color, sodium pyrophosphate extraction, pH, texture, DRIFTS, water extraction, and combustion carbon and nitrogen data for the journal article "Unraveling the Persistence of Deep Podzolized Carbon: Insights from Organic Matter Characterization", published in Science of the Total Environment.</p>
The effects of dissolved organic matter supplements on the metabolism of corals under heat stress
<p><span>Octocorals represent a</span><span> major alternative group in the benthic community of reefs that have diverged from hexacoral dominance. Despite their phototrophic symbionts, supplementing their diet with heterotrophic sources may promote their growth, particularly when compared to hexacorals in bleaching conditions. However, limited comprehensive data exists on octocorals' trophic ecology, especially regarding their ability to feed on dissolved organic matter (DOM), which comprises the largest pool of organic matter in reefs. This study aims to investigate the ability of two octocorals (<em>Sarcophyton glaucum </em>and <em>Lobophytum sp.</em>) to feed on DOM and compare this ability to that of hexacorals, such as <em>Stylophora pistillata</em> and <em>Turbinaria reniformis. </em>The study measured the net fluxes of DOM under varying DOM concentrations and under heat stress. The results demonstrate that all coral species were net producers of DOM at ambient concentrations, but became net consumers once seawater was supplemented with DOM. Furthermore, our study highlights a relationship between coral physiological responses to heat stress and DOM uptake. Corals that increased (<em>S. pistillata</em>) or maintained (<em>S. glaucum</em> and <em>Lobophytum sp.)</em> their DOM uptake rates at high temperatures were the most resilient to heat stress. In contrast, <em>T. reniformis</em> exhibited lower DOM uptake rates at high temperatures, which was associated with significant bleaching. </span><span>Understanding the ability of corals to feed on DOM may therefore provide insight on the resilience of species under ocean warming conditions.</span></p>
Reactivity, fate and functional roles of dissolved organic matter in anoxic inland waters
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Nocturnal dissolved organic matter release by turf algae and its role in the microbialization of reefs
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Unique microbiome in organic matter-polluted urban rivers
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Data from: Soybean yield is positively linked to organic matter, but planting date remains more influential
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Rare soil microbial taxa regulate the negative effects of land degradation drivers on soil organic matter decomposition
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Data from: Age-based δ15N and δ13C values of otolith organic matter reveal trophic ecology in marine fishes
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Single-cell visualization indicates direct role of sponge host in uptake of dissolved organic matter
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.