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619 results for “paternity”
Sperm numbers on the perivitelline layers of blue tit eggs are repeatable within a clutch, but independent of the occurrence of extra-pair paternity
In many socially monogamous bird species, females produce offspring sired by males other than their social partner. A large body of research has aimed to elucidate the evolutionary causes and consequences of such extra-pair paternity, but relatively little is known about the underlying behaviour. The number of sperm on the egg's perivitelline layers (PVL) is related to recent copulation activity and may thus give some insight into the female's mating behaviour. We used a simple technique that allowed us to remove embryonic cells from the blastoderm for DNA extraction whilst keeping the PVL intact for sperm counts. Using 243 eggs from 99 blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we show that PVL sperm numbers were repeatable within clutches (r = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.25-0.53]). However, neither overall sperm numbers, nor changes in sperm numbers across the laying sequence differed between clutches that contained extra-pair sired eggs and those that did not. Our results therefore provide no evidence that females with and without extra-pair young differ in their copulation activity.
Data from: Extra-pair paternity in two populations of the socially monogamous Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Studies on extra-pair paternity (EPP) are key to understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in avian mating strategies, but information is currently lacking for most tropical and sub-tropical taxa. We describe the occurrence of EPP in two populations of a South American socially monogamous bird, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito, based on data from 266 broods and 895 offspring that were sampled during six breeding seasons in north-central and southern Chile. In the northern population, 21% of the broods contained at least one extra-pair young and 14% of all offspring were sired by an extra-pair male, while in the southern population, we detected extra-pair offspring (EPO) in 14% of the broods, and 6% of all offspring were EPO. Variation in the frequency of EPP could stem from population differences in the duration of the breeding season or the density of breeding individuals. Other factors such as differences in breeding synchrony and variation in food availability need to be evaluated. More reports on EPP rates are necessary to determine the patterns of taxonomic and geographic variation in mating strategies in Neotropical birds, and to better understand the differences in ecological dynamics between northern and southern hemisphere populations.
Disentangling the effects of male age and mating history: contrasting effects of mating history on pre-copulatory mating behaviour and paternity success
<p>Many studies ask whether older males are better at acquiring mates. Even so, how age affects reproductive success is still poorly understood because male age and mating history are confounded in most studies: older males usually have more mating experience. To what extent does mating history rather than age explain variation in male mating success? And how do mating history and male age determine paternity when there is also post-copulatory sexual selection? Here we experimentally manipulated the mating history of old and young males in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). We then recorded male mating behaviour and share of paternity (1259 offspring from 232 potential sires) when they competed for mates and fertilizations. Old males, and males with no mating experience, spent significantly more time approaching females, and attempting to mate, than did young males and those with greater mating experience. Male age and mating history interacted to affect paternity: old males benefited from having previous mating experience, but young males did not. Our results highlight that the age-related changes in male reproductive traits and in paternity that have been described in many taxa, may be partly attributable to male mating history and not simply to age itself.</p>
No evidence for female kin association, indications for extragroup paternity, and sex‐biased dispersal patterns in wild western gorillas
Characterizing animal dispersal patterns and the rational behind individuals' transfer choices is a long-standing question of interest in evolutionary biology. In wild western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), a one-male polygynous species, previous genetic findings suggested that, when dispersing, females might favor groups with female kin to promote cooperation, resulting in higher-than-expected within-group female relatedness. The extent of male dispersal remains unclear with studies showing conflicting results. To investigate male and female dispersal patterns and extra-group paternity, we analyzed long-term field observations, including female spatial proximity data, together with genetic data (10 autosomal microsatellites) on individuals from a unique set of four habituated western gorilla groups, and four additional extra-group males (49 individuals in total). The majority of offspring (25 of 27) were sired by the group male. For two offspring, evidence for extra-group paternity was found. Contrarily to previous findings, adult females were not significantly more related within groups than across groups. Consistently, adult female relatedness within groups did not correlate with their spatial proximity inferred from behavioral data. Adult females were similarly related to adult males from their group than from other groups. Using RST statistics, we found significant genetic structure and a pattern of isolation by distance, indicating limited dispersal in this species. Comparing relatedness among females and among males revealed that males disperse farer than females, as expected in a polygamous species. Our study on habituated western gorillas shed light on the dispersal dynamics and reproductive behavior of this polygynous species and challenge some of the previous results based on unhabituated groups.
Extra-pair paternity explains cooperation among neighbours in a bird
<p>In many social animals, females mate with multiple males, but the adaptive role of female extra-pair mating is not fully understood. This data set tests whether male pied flycatchers (<em>Ficedula hypoleuca</em>) engaging in extra-pair copulations with neighbouring females were more likely to assist their neighbours in predator mobbing. It shows that extra-pair sires joined mobs more often, approached predators more closely, and attacked predators more aggressively than males without extra-pair offspring in the neighbouring nest. Our results support theoretical predictions suggesting that extra-pair mating incentivizes males to assist in nest defences. </p>
Extra-pair paternity in the Saffron Finch is related to song peak frequency and body condition
<p>dataset of article<br> María Juliana Benitez Saldivar, Carolina Isabel Miño & Viviana Massoni (2022)<br> Extra-pair paternity in the Saffron Finch is related to song peak frequency and body condition.<br> Emu-Austral Ornithology 122:3-4, 226-237</p>
Figure 1 in Who's your daddy? Paternity testing reveals promiscuity and multiple paternity in the carnivorous marsupial Dasyurus maculatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)
Figure 1. Mean body mass (A) and scrotal width (B) of spotted-tailed quolls known to have fathered offspring in comparison with males of unknown paternity status.
Figure 2 in Who's your daddy? Paternity testing reveals promiscuity and multiple paternity in the carnivorous marsupial Dasyurus maculatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae)
Figure 2. Relatedness (R) of the mother of each litter to sires and non-sires respectively. Dashed line indicates the mean level of relatedness (-0.0265) for the population.
Paternal vs Maternal Holding-Cuddling for Procedural Pain in Healthy Term Neonates
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06111534. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Risk of Recurrence of de Novo Mutations: Research and Quantification of Paternal Germinal Mosaicism by the Combined Use of Genomic Tools
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04564235. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effects of Acupressure and Paternal Holding on Pain and Physiological Parameters During Heel Lancing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06513897. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
The Effect of Paternal Skin-to-Skin Contact on Neonatal Parameters
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06956859. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Effect of Paternal Touch on Sucking Performance, Comfort, and Glucose Levels in Newborns at Risk for Hypoglycemia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07302412. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
Data from: O father where art thou? Paternity analyses in a natural population of the haploid-diploid seaweed Chrondrus crispus
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Sequenced-based paternity analysis to improve breeding and identify self-incompatibility loci in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)
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Recent immigrants alter the quantitative genetic architecture of paternity in song sparrows
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Data from: Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region
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Data from: Bi-parental versus cooperative breeding in a passerine: fitness-maximizing strategies of males in response to risk of extra-pair paternity?
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Data from: The effect of maternal and paternal immune challenge on offspring immunity and reproduction in a cricket
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Data from: Water mold infection but not paternity induces selective filial cannibalism in a goby
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Allen Brain Atlas
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