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1,149 results for “plant association”
Figures 15-18 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil
Figures 15-18. Lopesia pleromatis, sp. nov. Maia, pupa: (15) Head (frontal view); (16-18) Antennal horns.
Figures 1-4 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pleroma raddianum (DC.) Gardner (Myrtales: Melastomatacea), an endenic plant to Brazil
Figures 1-4. Lopesia pleromatis, sp. nov. Maia, male: (1) Head (ventral view); (2) 5th flagellomere; (3) Last flagellomere; (4) Hindleg, tarsal claw and empodium (lateral view).
Roadside disturbance promotes plant communities with arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in mountain regions worldwide
<p><em>Aim: </em>We aimed to assess the impact of road disturbances on the dominant mycorrhizal types in ecosystems at the global level and how this mechanism can potentially lead to lasting plant community changes.</p> <p><em>Location: </em>Globally distributed mountain regions</p> <p><em>Time Period:</em> 2007-2018 Taxa studied: Plants (linked to their associated mycorrhizal fungi)</p> <p><em>Methods:</em> We used a database of coordinated plant community surveys following mountain roads from 894 plots in 11 mountain regions across the globe in combination with an existing database of mycorrhizal-plant associations in order to approximate the relative abundance of mycorrhizal types in natural and disturbed environments.</p> <p><em>Results:</em> Our findings show that roadside disturbance promotes the cover of plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. This effect is especially strong in colder mountain environments and in mountain regions where plant communities are dominated by ectomycorrhizal (EcM) or ericoid-mycorrhizal (ErM) associations. Furthermore, non-native plant species, which we confirmed to be mostly AM plants, are more successful in environments dominated by AM associations.</p> <p><em>Main Conclusions:</em> These biogeographical patterns suggest that changes in mycorrhizal types could be a crucial factor in the worldwide impact of anthropogenic disturbances on mountain ecosystems. Indeed, roadsides foster AM-dominated systems, where AM-fungi might aid AM-associated plant species while potentially reducing the biotic resistance against invasive non-native species, often also associated with AM networks. Restoration efforts in mountain ecosystems will have to contend with changes in the fundamental make-up of EcM- and ErM plant communities induced by roadside disturbance.</p>
Abiotic conditions along altitude shape plant-fungal associations by influencing both fungal availability and association strength
<p>These files contains the description of the data and scripts to reproduce the analyses of:<br>"Abiotic conditions along altitude shape plant-fungal associations by influencing both fungal availability and association strength" which can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70075">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70075</a></p> <p>As detailed in the study, the data consist of fungal DNA data from ten high and low <em>Bistorta vivipara </em>populations across Fennoscandia. Species-level fungal OTUs have been identified applying ITS2-based metabarcoding to the different parts of the focal plant <em>B. vivipara </em>(bulbils, leaves and roots) and its surrounding soil and leaves of surrounding plants. In total, the data contains data on 253 fungal OTUs across 641 sampling units.</p> <p>The README file describes the contents of the metadata and explains how the scripts are to be run in order to reproduce the results of the study.</p> <p> </p>
Plant-root pathogenic fungal and plant-mycorrhizal fungal association networks in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Although rhizosphere fungi are essential for plant survival and ecosystem functioning, little is known about the processes that structure plant–fungal association networks. In this study, we constructed association networks between 43 plant species and two groups of root-associated fungi (mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi; MF and PF, respectively) in a diverse subtropical forest. We then evaluated the modularity of plant–MF and plant–PF networks and linked them to the functional traits and phylogenies of both plants and fungi. We observed strong modularity in both plant–MF and plant–PF networks. Phylogenetically related fungi tended to emerge in the same modules. MF from distinct modules associated with plants with different specific root length and specific root area in plant–MF networks. PF from distinct modules associated with plants with different dark respiration rate and light compensation point in plant–PF networks. Plant affiliation to modules was explained by both plant traits and phylogeny </span><span>(22% for plant–MF and 37% for plant–PF networks). In contrast</span><span>, fungal affiliation to modules was explained by fungal phylogeny (</span><span>16% </span><span>for plant–MF and </span><span>29% </span><span>for plant–PF networks). Our results elucidate the link between modularity in plant–root fungal networks and the functional traits and phylogeny of the plants and fungi. Our study highlights the importance of traits and phylogeny in governing root fungal community assembly from network perspective.</span></p>
Robustness of organ morphology is associated with modules of co-expressed genes related to plant cell wall
<p>Reproducibility in organ size and shape is a fundamental trait of living organisms. The mechanisms underlying such robustness remain, however, to be elucidated. In the manuscript <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489498v1"><strong>"Robustness of organ morphology is associated with modules of co-expressed genes related to plant cell wall", </strong>doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.26.489498</a>, we took the sepal of Arabidopsis as a model, and we investigated whether variability of gene expression plays a role in variation of organ morphology.</p> <p>To address this question, we produced a dataset composed of both transcriptomic and morphological information obtained from 27 individual sepals from wild-type plants.</p> <p>This repository contains the raw confocal image of 30 sepals used as starting point for the analysis, as well as their extracted contours as binary images. These images were used to recover the 3D shape of the sepals.</p> <p>The 30 abaxial sepals were collected at early stage 11, from three different Col-0 wild-type plants, labeled D, E and F, grown simultaneously in experimentally controlled standard conditions. Each sepal was imaged under a confocal microscope using autofluorescence. Immediately following imaging, the sepal was frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction, on which an RNA-seq analysis was performed.</p> <p><strong>Related informations :</strong></p> <ul> <li>The repository of the numerical tools used for 3D shape extraction as well as the results of geometrical measurements is <a href="http://forge.cbp.ens-lyon.fr/redmine/projects/florivar">here</a>.</li> <li>The repository of RNA-Seq analysis results of these same sepals is here.</li> <li>And the analysis tools used to relate geometrical measurements to RNA-seq data are here.</li> </ul>
Data set for: Leaf trait association in relation to herbivore defense, drought resistance, and economics in a tropical invasive plant
<p><strong><span>Premsie</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Exploring how functional traits vary and covary is important to understand plant responses to environmental change. However, we have limited understanding of the ways multiple functional traits vary and covary within invasive species.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>:</span> <span>We measured 12 leaf traits of an invasive plant <em>Chromolaena odorata</em>, associated with plant or leaf economics, herbivore defense, and drought resistance on 10 introduced populations from Asia and 12 native populations from America, selected across a broad range of climatic conditions, and grown in a common garden</span><span>.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Species'</span> <span>range and climatic conditions influenced leaf traits, but trait variation across climate space differed between the introduced and native ranges. Traits that confer defense against herbivores and drought resistance were associated with economic strategy, but the patterns differed by range. Plants from introduced populations that were at the fast-return end of the spectrum (high photosynthetic capacity) had high physical defense traits (high trichome density), whereas plants from native populations that were at the fast-return end of the spectrum had high drought escape traits (early leaf senescence and high percentage of withered shoots).</span></p> <p><strong> <span>Conclusions</span></strong><span>:</span> <span>Our results indicate that invasive plants can rapidly adapt to novel environmental conditions. <em>C. odorata</em> showed multiple different functional trait covariation patterns and clines in the native and introduced ranges. Our results emphasize that interaction between multiple traits or functions should be considered when investigating the adaptive evolution of invasive plants.</span></p>
Data associated with: Climate change will likely threaten areas of suitable habitats for the most relevant medicinal plants native to the Caatinga dry forest
<p>Medicinal plants play an important role in providing ecosystem services, such as local cultural and economic value, and human well-being, especially in poor regions. The use of plants to improve living conditions and increase the chances of survival comes from the beginning of human life. Climate change has the potential to contract areas of suitable habitat for medicinal plant species across different regions. As a consequence of climate change, the possibility of treating diseases can be compromised, and even interrupted. <em>We collected data from the medicinal applications and the parts that are used of 10 species of medicinal plants native to the Caatinga dry forest [i.e., </em><em>Myracrodruon urundeuva</em><em> Allemão (Anacardiaceae), </em><em>Cereus jamacaru </em><em>DC (Cactaceae), </em><em>Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium</em><em> (Mart) Cornejo & Iltis (Caparaceae),</em><em> Maytenus rigida </em><em>Mart (Celastraceae), </em><em>Operculina hamiltonii</em><em> (G Don) DF Austin Staples, </em><em>Operculina macrocarpa</em><em> (L) Urb (Convolvulaceae), </em><em>Amburana cearensis </em><em>(Allemao) AC Sm, </em><em>Anadenantehra colubrina</em><em> (Vell) Brenan, </em><em>Bauhinia cheilantha</em><em> (Bong) Steud and </em><em>Erythrina velutina</em><em> Willd (Legimonosae). </em>In addition, we also collected precise georeferenced data (native occurrence) of these medicinal plant species, that was accessed in 1) The Global Biodiversity Information Facility platform (GBIF) is an international data network funded by governments around the world, providing open access to data on all life on Earth (https:// www.gbif.org, accessed May 2022); 2) REFLORA - Herbário Virtual, virtual herbarium network that contains information on Brazilian plants that are deposited in 63 herbaria in Brazil and 10 international herbaria (http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual, accessed May 2022); 3) Botanical Information and Ecology Network Platform (BIEN), a global information network that helps to document patterns of plant diversity, trait records and distribution, which includes georeferenced plant observation data from herbarium records, plots, survey inventories (https://bien .nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata, accessed May 2022) and 4) 95 botanical monographs and floras. We excluded all repeated and mismatch occurrence data for each species. We collected all the available points for the studied species.</p>
Data associated to: Uncovering the genomic basis of an extraordinary plant invasion
<p><span>Invasive species are a key driver of the global biodiversity crisis but the drivers of invasiveness, including the role of pathogens, remain debated. We investigated the genomic basis of invasiveness in <em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em> (ragweed), introduced to Europe in the late 19th century, by resequencing 655 ragweed genomes, including 308 herbarium specimens collected up to 190 years ago. In invasive European populations, we found selection signatures in defense genes and lower prevalence of disease-inducing plant pathogens. Together with temporal changes in population structure associated with introgression from closely related <em>Ambrosia</em> species, escape from specific microbial enemies likely favoured the plant's remarkable success as an invasive species.</span></p>
Diaspore traits specialized to animal adhesion and sea current dispersal are positively associated with the naturalization of European plants across the World
<p>Understanding what drives non-native species naturalization (the establishment of a self-sustainable population outside its native range) is a central question in invasion science. Plants' capacity for long distance dispersal (LDD) is likely to influence the spread and naturalization of non-native species differently according to their introduction pathways. These pathways include intentional introductions (for economic use, e.g. for agriculture), unintentional introductions (e.g. seed contaminants), plant dispersal via human infrastructures (e.g. roads), and plant spread from an adjacent region where the species was previously introduced. Herein, we tested the relationship between sets of LDD traits (syndromes) of 10,308 European plant species and their global naturalization incidence (i.e. whether a species has become naturalized or not) and extent (i.e. the number of regions where a species has become naturalized) using the most comprehensive database of naturalized plants worldwide (GloNAF). Diaspore traits allowed the identification of four traditional LDD syndromes, namely those with specializations for dispersal by: wind (anemochorous), animal ingestion (endozoochorous), attached to animals (epizoochorous), and sea currents (thalassochorous). These evolutionary specializations have been historically interpreted by biologists even though actual dispersal is not always related to diaspore syndromes. We found that while epizoochorous and thalassochorous traits are positively associated with global plant naturalization incidence, anemochorous and endozoochorous traits show a negative relationship. Species´ residence time outside their native range, their economic use and presence of epizoochorous traits (such as hooks, hairs and adhesive substances) are positively associated with global naturalization extent. Furthermore, we found that plants' economic use reduces the influence of LDD syndromes on the naturalization incidence of intentionally introduced plants. While the success of non-native plants is influenced by a broad array of species- and context-specific factors, LDD syndromes play an important role in this context depending on the economic use of plants.</p>
High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change
<p>The European Alps are highly rich in species, but their future may be threatened by ongoing changes in human land use and climate. Here, we reconstructed vegetation, temperature, human impact and livestock over the past ~12,000 years from Lake Sulsseewli, based on sedimentary ancient plant and mammal DNA, pollen, spores, chironomids, and microcharcoal. We assembled a highly-complete local DNA reference library (PhyloAlps, 3,923 plant taxa), and used this to obtain an exceptionally rich <em>sed</em>aDNA record of 366 plant taxa. Vegetation mainly responded to climate during the early Holocene, while human activity had an additional influence on vegetation from 6 ka onwards. Land-use shifted from episodic grazing during the Neolithic and Bronze Age to agropastoralism in the Middle Ages. Associated human deforestation allowed the coexistence of plant species typically found at different elevational belts, leading to levels of plant richness that characterise the current high diversity of this region. Our findings indicate a positive association between low-intensity agropastoral activities and precipitation with the maintenance of the unique subalpine and alpine plant diversity of the European Alps.</p>
Data from: Rate of permafrost thaw and associated plant community dynamics in peatlands of northwestern Canada
<p>This dataset was collected to document the changing plant community, and associated environmental factors, as warming climate conditions accelerate permafrost thaw in northern peatland environments. Due to the insulative properties of dry, surface peat layers, discontinuous permafrost is preferentially found in peatlands, termed peat plateaux, where the volumetric expansion of ice-rich permafrost has resulted in a raised, dry ground surface dominated by lichens and, often, stunted black spruce forests. As ground temperatures warm, and the ice-rich permafrost thaws, the ground surface sinks to, or below, the water table, and these peat plateau environments change dramatically from black spruce and lichen-dominated peat plateaux to treeless moss- and sedge-dominated collapse scar environments. Data are from a set of 17 sites distributed along a latitudinal gradient in the Mackenzie Valley of Northwestern Canada. At each site, a transect of five to nine contiguous 1x1m quadrats was sampled, spanning the transition from peat plateau to collapse scar environments and, thus, capturing the zone of active permafrost thaw within peat plateaux as they transition to collapse scars. Fourteen of these sites were sampled at two time periods: 2007 and 2008 (T1: time 1), and 2017 and 2018 (T2: time 2) enabling an assessment of 10-year changes (9 years for one site). This dataset includes quadrat-level measurements of plant community composition (percent cover by species), frost depth, water table depth, peat depth, soil moisture, and canopy cover. Site level measurements consist of maximum peat depth, along with pH and electrical conductivity of collapse scar water samples, as well as the annual rate of lateral permafrost thaw. We also include basic site location parameters, as well as several climatic parameters, interpolated for each site using BioSIM software.</p>
Data from: Associations between developmental stability, canalization and phenotypic plasticity in plants with temporally heterogeneous environmental experience
<p>We subjected eight plant species to a first round of alternating inundation and drought vs. constantly moderate water treatments and a second round of water conditions. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), intra- and inter-individual variations (CV<sub>intra</sub> and CV<sub>inter</sub>), and plasticity in traits were measured and correlations between variables were calculated for each species. Early temporally heterogeneous experience decreased the leaf size of half of the species, but had complex effects on leaf fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and inter-individual variation (CV<sub>inter</sub>) in traits immediately or in late conditions, with little effects on intra-individual variation (CV<sub>intra</sub>). There were several positive correlations between FA and CV<sub>inter</sub>, while there were correlations between CV<sub>inter</sub> and plasticity in early treatments, but negative ones in late treatments.</p>
Data associated with studies on the following study: "Plant-level establishment can result from a single female Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae propagule"
<p>These data are associated with the following study: "Plant-level establishment can result from a single female Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae propagule"</p>
Data from: Dispersal-related plant traits are associated with range size in the Atlantic Forest
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The efficiency of animal-mediated seed dispersal is threatened by declines of animal populations, especially in tropical forests. We hypothesise that large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal tend to have limited geographic ranges and face an increased risk of extinction due to the potential decline in seed dispersal by large-bodied fruit-eating and seed-dispersing animals (frugivores)</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Atlantic Forest, Brazil, South America</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Angiosperms</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> First, we collected dispersal-related trait (dispersal syndrome, fruit size, seed size), growth form (tree, climber, other) and preferred vegetation type (open, closed) data for 1,052 Atlantic Forest plant species. Next, we integrated these with occurrence records, extinction risk assessments, and phylogenetic trees. Finally, we performed phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regressions to test the direct and interactive effects of dispersal-related traits and vegetation type on geographical range size.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Large-seeded species had smaller range sizes than small-seeded species, but only for species with animal-mediated dispersal, not for those dispersed by abiotic mechanisms. However, plants with abiotic dispersal had overall smaller range sizes than plants with animal-mediated dispersal. Furthermore, we found that species restricted to forests had smaller ranges than those occurring in open or mixed vegetation. Finally, at least 29% of the Atlantic Forest flora is threatened by extinction, but this was not related to plant dispersal syndromes.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> Large-seeded plants with animal-mediated dispersal may be suffering from dispersal limitation, potentially due to past and ongoing defaunation of large-bodied frugivores, leading to small range sizes. Other factors, such as deforestation and fragmentation, will probably modulate such effects of dispersal on range size, and ultimately extinction. Our study sheds light on the relationship between plant traits, mutualistic interactions and distribution that are key to the functioning of tropical forests.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary déjà vu? A case of convergent evolution in an ant-plant association
<p>Obligatory ant-plant symbioses often appear to be single evolutionary shifts within particular ant lineages; however, convergence can be revealed once natural history observations are complemented with molecular phylogenetics. Here we describe a remarkable example of convergent evolution in an ant-plant symbiotic system. Exclusively arboreal, <em>Myrmelachista</em> species can be generalized opportunists nesting in several plant species or obligately symbiotic, live-stem nesters of a narrow set of plant species. Instances of specialization within <em>Myrmelachista</em> are known from northern South America and throughout Middle America. In Middle America, a diverse radiation of specialists occupies understory treelets of lowland rainforests. The morphological and behavioural uniformity of specialists suggests that they form a monophyletic assemblage, diversifying after a single origin of specialization. Using ultraconserved element phylogenomics and ancestral state reconstruction, we show that shifts from opportunistic to obligately symbiotic evolved independently in South and Middle America. Furthermore, our analyses strongly support a remarkable case of convergence within the Middle American radiation, with two independently evolved specialist clades, arising nearly simultaneously from putative opportunistic ancestors during the late Pliocene. This repeated evolution of a complex phenotype suggests similar mechanisms behind trait shifts from opportunists to specialists, generating further questions about the selective forces driving specialization.</p>
Fig. 2. Four Ficus benjamina plants inside a in Host specificity studies on Gynaikothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) associated with leaf galls of cultivated Ficus (Rosales: Moraceae) trees
Fig. 2. Four Ficus benjamina plants inside a collapsible cage.
Fig. 1 in Frugivorous flies (Diptera: Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae), their host plants, and associated parasitoids in the extreme north of Amapá State, Brazil
Fig. 1. Fruit sampling sites in extreme north of Amapá State, Brazil (May 2011–Jul 2013).
New Zealand native forest plant cover data for Popovic et al. MEE (2019), Untangling direct species associations from indirect mediator species effects with graphical models.
<p>Forest cover measurements were collected at 1246 native forest sites that form part of a network of permanent 20 x 20 m plots spread throughout New Zealand. A total of 1831 plant species were present in these plots, with the most common being herbs, graminoids, ferns, shrubs and trees. Plant cover (in ordinal categories) was assessed for each species in several tiers at different heights. The cover data we analysed (<em>NZ_native_forest_cover.csv) </em>were the maximum cover recorded over all the tiers at the 964 sites identified as native forests, containing 1311 species with at least one presence. <em>NZ_native_forest_species.csv</em> contains species data including species name, exotic/native, and plant type (tree, shrub, etc.), corresponding to the plant species in the columns of <em>NZ_native_forest_cover.csv</em>.</p> <p>We acknowledge the use of data drawn from the Natural Forest plot data collected between January 2002 and March 2007 by the LUCAS programme for the Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary tables S1-S5. Comparison of two different host plant genera responding to grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 infection
<p>Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology. Because of its narrow host range -limited to <em>Vitis</em> species - and because the virus is restricted to the phloem, most GLRaV-3 research has concentrated on epidemiology and the development of detection assays. The recent discovery that GLRaV-3 can infect <em>Nicotiana</em> <em>benthamiana, </em>a plant model organism, makes new opportunities available for research in this field. We used RNA-seq to compare both <em>V. vinifera </em>and <em>N. benthamiana</em> host responses to GLRaV-3 infection. This is the first analysis of gene expression profiles beyond <em>Vitis </em>to mealybug-transmitted GLRaV-3.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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