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233 results for “plant resistance”
Data from: Milkweed butterfly resistance to plant toxins is linked to sequestration, not coping with a toxic diet
Insect resistance to plant toxins is widely assumed to have evolved in response to using defended plants as a dietary resource. We tested this hypothesis in the milkweed butterflies (Danaini) which have progressively evolved higher levels of resistance to cardenolide toxins based on amino acid substitutions of their cellular sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+-ATPase). Using chemical, physiological, and caterpillar growth assays on diverse milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) and isolated cardenolides, we show that resistant Na+/K+-ATPases are not necessary to cope with dietary cardenolides. In contrast, sequestration of cardenolides in the body (as a defense against predators) is associated with the three levels of Na+/K+-ATPase resistance. To estimate the potential physiological burden of cardenolide sequestration without Na+/K+-ATPase adaptations, we applied haemolymph of sequestering species on isolated Na+/K+-ATPase of sequestering and nonsequestering species. Haemolymph cardenolides dramatically impair non-adapted Na+/K+-ATPase, but had systematically reduced effects on Na+/K+-ATPase of sequestering species. Our data indicate that major adaptations to plant toxins may be evolutionarily linked to sequestration, and may not necessarily be a means to eat toxic plants. Na+/K+-ATPase adaptations thus were a potential mechanism through which predators spurred the coevolutionary arms race between plants and insects.
Data from: Legacy effects of herbivory enhance performance and resistance of progeny plants
1. Herbivory-induced changes in plant resistance and tolerance traits can mediate the interaction between spatially and temporally separated above- and belowground herbivores. However, it is unknown how long the impact of transient herbivory events last or if legacy effects can be detected systemically in the plant and across plant generations. 2. Here, we studied the impact of transient aboveground herbivory by the specialist caterpillar Manduca sexta on the plant traits of wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and the consequences for belowground root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita in short-term, long-term, and transgenerational experiments. 3. In the short- and long-term experiments, above- and belowground herbivory had significant, albeit independent, impacts on key plant traits such as plant biomass, nutrient content, and secondary metabolites. In addition, herbivory influenced fitness parameters such as seed yield and quality. In the long-term and transgenerational experiments, transient aboveground herbivory had facilitating effects on nematodes, irrespective of any treatments of the parental plants. We found evidence for transgenerational legacy effects of both above- and belowground herbivory on the resistance of progeny plants against aboveground herbivores. Additionally, belowground herbivory in the parental generation increased the root biomass of progeny plants. 4. Synthesis. Our results suggest that herbivory may have a long-term impact on plant fitness by improving the performance of progeny plants challenged by above- and belowground herbivory.
Accompanying images to the paper NLR immune receptor–nanobody fusions confer plant disease resistance
<p>The following images accompany the paper <strong>NLR immune receptor–nanobody fusions confer plant disease resistance</strong>, Kourelis J., Marchal C., Posbeyikian A., Harant A., Kamoun S. (2023) Science Vol. 379, No. 6635. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn4116">DOI: 10.1126/science.abn4116</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Figure captions:</strong></p> <p><strong>Figure 1. </strong>Leaves photographed 12 days after infection with a Potato Virus X variant expressing the fluorescent protein EGFP. Left: <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> leaf that doesn't express the pikobody system. Right: Leaf from <em>N. benthamiana</em> line stably expressing the Pikobody system recognizing EGFP. </p> <p><strong>Figure 2. </strong>Leaves photographed 12 days after infection with a Potato Virus X variant expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry. Both leaves correspond to a <em>N. benthamiana</em> line stably expressing the Pikobody system recognizing EGFP. These results accompany the observations that the Pikobody system targetting EGFP specifically recognizes EGFP, but not mCherry.</p> <p><strong>Figure 3. </strong>Side by side comparison of representative adult <em>N. benthamiana</em> plants, from left to right: wild-type (WT), stably transformed with the rice NLR pair Pikm-1/2 (Pikm) or Pikobody<sup>Enhancer </sup>(Lines #4 - #1 - #9 - #10). </p>
Data from: Na+/K+-ATPase resistance and cardenolide sequestration: basal adaptations to host plant toxins in the milkweed bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)
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Data from: Plant resistance reduces the strength of consumptive and non-consumptive effects of predators on aphids
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Data from: The cost of phage resistance in a plant pathogenic bacterium is context-dependent
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Data from: Earthworms affect plant growth and resistance against herbivores: a meta-analysis
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Data from: Milkweed butterfly resistance to plant toxins is linked to sequestration, not coping with a toxic diet
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Data from: The effectiveness and costs of pathogen resistance strategies in a perennial plant
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Data from: When resistance is futile, tolerate instead: silicon promotes plant compensatory growth when attacked by above- and belowground herbivores
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Data from: Variation and correlations between sexual, asexual and natural enemy resistance life-history traits in a natural plant pathogen population
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Data from: Defensive chemicals of neighboring plants limit visits of herbivorous insects: associational resistance within a plant population
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Data from: Legacy effects of herbivory enhance performance and resistance of progeny plants
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Data from: Food plant-derived disease tolerance and resistance in a natural butterfly-plant-parasite interaction
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Data from: New ways to acquire resistance – Imperfect convergence in insect adaptations to a potent plant toxin
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Data from: Latitudinal variation in resistance and tolerance to herbivory in the perennial herb Lythrum salicaria is related to intensity of herbivory and plant phenology
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Data from: Plant traits and plant biogeography control the biotic resistance provided by generalist herbivores
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Data from: Integration of two herbivore-induced plant volatiles results in synergistic effects on plant defense and resistance
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Data from: Adaptive and non-adaptive evolution of trait means and genetic trait correlations for herbivory resistance and performance in an invasive plant
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Data from: Plant-pollinator networks in semi-natural grasslands are resistant to the loss of pollinators during blooming of mass-flowering crops
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.