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Figure 9 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 9. Live specimens of Cyerce antillensis. A, specimen from Bimini, Bahamas, showing notum; actual size, 8 mm alive. B, specimen from Cayman Islands photographed underwater by Everett Turner. C, specimen from Bimini, Bahamas, showing ventral surface of foot. D, specimen from Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas; actual size, 9 mm alive. Photograph credit: Anne DuPont. E, specimen from Bimini, Bahamas, showing notum; actual size, 5 mm preserved. F, specimen from Bimini, Bahamas, showing close-up of pericardial complex; actual size, 9 mm alive.

Figure 8 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 8. Stained and mounted penial stylets of Cyerce species from the Western Atlantic. Black arrow indicates stylet. A, Cyerce nicholasi, isolate 10Bim03. B, Cyerce piercei, isolate KM66. C, Cyerce ellingsonorum, isolate 06Jam05. D, Cyerce antillensis, isolate 10Bim01. E, Cyerce browneveorum, isolate 09Gei01. F, Cyerce willetteorum, isolate 07Stir01. G, Cyerce cf. cristallina, isolate B101.

Figure 3 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 3. Histogram of pairwise Tamura–Nei (TrN)-corrected COI distances, showing barcoding gap; white bars denote intraspecific distances and black bars interspecific distances, based on automated barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) analyses.

Figure 6 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 6. Live specimens of Cyerce cf. cristallina photographed underwater. A, specimen from Pompano, FL, USA. B, side view of crawling specimen from Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, FL, USA, ~2 cm body length. C, D, orange spot morphotype from Roatan (C) and Pompano, FL, USA (D). E, specimen from Roatan nestled in the green alga Penicillus capitatus at night. Photograph credits: Ariane Dimitris (A, B, D) and Mickey Charteris (C, E).

Figure 4 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 4. Network of COI haplotypes colour coded by location, with the size of each circle denoting frequency. Black dots indicate unsampled haplotypes. Each bar crossing a line denotes one nucleotide substitution. A, Cyerce antillensis. B, Cyerce nicholasi.

Figure 5 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 5. Haplotype network of phased histone 3 alleles colour-coded by candidate species, with the size of each circle denoting the frequency of the sampled allele. A small black dot indicates an unsampled allele. Each bar crossing a line denotes one nucleotide substitution.

Figure 7 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 7. Cyerce cf. cristallina, radular scanning electron micrographs. Specimen from FL, USA, isolate MM98 (CPIC 01135); 5 mm preserved length. A, complete radula minus ascus. B, leading tooth.

Figure 2 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 2. Consensus phylogenetic tree for Cyerce and Sohgenia based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of three concatenated loci. Percentages corresponding to significant bootstrap support are given below branches, and posterior probabilities from Bayesian inference (BI) analysis are shown in bold above branches. Capital letters label three key supported nodes. Haplotypes are coded by date–location–specimen number on terminals. Results of four species delimitation analyses are indicated by vertical bars; horizontal shaded bars enclose specimens grouped as species entities by all methods.

Figure 1 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 1. Western Atlantic sampling sites; for more details, see Table 1. Top panel shows southern Florida peninsula and eastern Caribbean; bottom panel shows expanded view of inset box.

Figure 13 in A cryptic radiation of Caribbean sea slugs revealed by integrative analysis: Cyerce 'antillensis' (Sacoglossa: Caliphyllidae) is six distinct species

Figure 13. Cyerce nicholasi, radular scanning electron micrographs of isolate 10Bim03, 2 mm preserved body length. A, complete radula, with ascus attached to descending limb. B, leading tooth, showing damaged tip. C, close-up view of ascus, showing used teeth encased in tissue.

FIGURE 7 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 7. Digestive system of Olea hensoni n. sp. A, Lateral view. B, Dorsal view. C, Radula. D, Midgut, lateral view, cut longitudinally to show inner surface. an, anus; bm, buccal mass; dg, digestive gland; ds, septate muscle; es, esophagus; in, intestine; ma, ascus musculature; ns, central nervous system; sg, salivary glands; st, stomach. Scale: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 6. Microscopic internal hard structures of Olea hensoni n. sp. A, Close-up of SEM image of the penis, showing curved penial stylet. B, SEM image of the whole penis. C, D Light microscope images of two separately prepared radulae; scale bars = 15 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 5. Internal morphology of Olea hensoni n. sp. A, Dorsal view of visceral mass. B, Ventral view of kidney and pericardium. C, Reproductive system. D, Anterior view of central nervous system. E, Posterior view of central nervous system. ab, abdominal ganglion; ag, albumen gland; am, ampulla; an, anus; au, auricle; bc, bursa copulatrix; bg, buccal gland; bm, buccal mass; bu, buccal ganglion; cg, capsule gland; cp, cerebro-pleural ganglion; dg, digestive gland; ey, eye; fc, fertilization chamber; fp, female aperture; gr, genital receptacle; hd, hermaphrodite duct; hf, hermaphrodite follicles; in, intestine; kd, kidney; md, male duct; mg, mucus gland; ns, central nervous system; np, nephrostome; ov, oviduct; pe, penis; pg, pedal ganglion; pr, prostate gland; sp, supra-intestinal ganglion; tg, tail gland; vd, vas deferens; vg, vaginal opening; vt, ventricle. Scale: 0.5 mm

FIGURE 4 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 4. External morphology of Olea hensoni n. sp. A–C, Views of a 1.5 mm specimen with cerata. Dorsal view (A); right lateral view (B); and ventral view (C). D–E, Views of a 2 mm specimen with cerata removed. Dorsal view (D); right lateral view (E). an, anus; ct, cerata; ey, eye fp, female aperture; ft, foot; hf, hermaphrodite follicles; mo, mouth; mp, male aperture; np, nephrostome; tl, tail; vg, vaginal opening. Scale: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 3. Evolutionary relationships in Sacoglossa with emphasis on family Limapontiidae. Topology of the uncollapsed phylogram based on ML analysis of four loci (COI, 16S, H3 and 28S); support values above branches are posterior probabilities, below are bootstrap percentages; asterisk = 1.0 or 100% support. Bolded name denotes new taxon. Horizontal slashes indicate branch length shortened by half. Images credits: L. depressa and L. senestra, www.seaslugforum.org; E. felina, C. Trowbridge; "Gascoignella" jabae, C. Swennen; C. bellula, Coelho et al. 2006; remaining images from the authors.

FIGURE 2 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 2. Live specimens and eggs of Olea hansineensis. A, Live specimen from San Juan Island, WA; 3 mm long crawling when fully extended. B, Live specimen from San Juan Island, WA; 5 mm long crawling. C, Specimens on Melanochlamys diomedea egg mass. One specimen (upper left) is feeding inside the egg mass, with only the tips of the cerata extending out above the outer membrane of the egg mass; the second specimen (lower right) is crawling on the outside of the egg mass. Field of view: 7 mm. D, Egg mass with uncleaved ova laid by O. hansineensis; scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

FIGURE 1. Live specimens and eggs of Olea hensoni n. sp. A, Right lateral view of live specimen, 2 mm long crawling. B, Dorsal view of live specimen, 2.5 mm long crawling. C, Left lateral view of live specimen, 5 mm long crawling. D, Dorsal view of live specimen, 5 mm long crawling. E, Ventral view of same specimen as (D) showing foot sole. F, Egg mass laid by O. hensoni n. sp. in the laboratory; width of egg spiral = 6 mm. G, Live specimen of O. hensoni n. sp. crawling on the surface of the cephalaspidean egg mass on which it was feeding in the field; width of egg mass = 8 mm.

SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE S1 in Eggs sunny-side up: A new species of Olea, an unusual oophagous sea slug (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), from the western Atlantic

SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE S1. Underwater photograph of cephalaspidean egg mass containing live specimens of an unidentified oophagous heterobranch, possibly an undescribed Olea sp., from the tropical Indo-West Pacific Two specimens (dark in coloration) visible inside the egg mass (indicated by white arrows), with additional specimens possibly visible scattered throughout the inner jelly matrix. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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Fig. 5 in Examining the retention of functional kleptoplasts and digestive activity in sacoglossan sea slugs

Fig. 5 Average chloroplast and lysosome density per specimen. The percentage of digestive gland tubule covered by lysosomes and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are depicted in dark red triangles for the initial experiments where starved animals were examined and in light red diamonds where starved animals were allowed to feed again before staining and imaging. The lysosome areas measured in starved animals are shown by dark blue circles and the light blue squares correspond to re-fed animals. Each value was obtained by measuring the areas covered by chloroplasts and by lysosomes, independently, as well as the area covered by DGT and the area in NDGT tissue. The cp and lys areas were each divided by the DGT area (ROI in 3D-AMP) to produce the relative values graphed here. a Elysia timida (population 1, spring) adults were