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233 results for “seasonal effects”
Data from: Effects of early-season insect herbivory on subsequent pathogen infection and ant abundance on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
1. Plant induced defences play an important role in mediating interactions between insects and pathogens. Yet, the plant traits underlying these effects, the extended consequences for higher trophic levels (i.e. predators), and the implications for plant growth and reproduction have received little attention. 2. Here we asked whether simulated early insect leaf damage on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) affected subsequent damage by insect leaf chewers and pathogenic fungi, as well as ant abundance. To address the mechanisms behind such effects, we measured plant defensive traits induced by early leaf damage to determine which inducible traits might determine the effects on plant-associates. We also evaluated whether early damage influenced plant growth and flower production, and if such effects were mediated by subsequent insect herbivory or pathogen infection. 3. We show that simulated early leaf damage reduced damage by subsequent leaf-chewing insects, increased plant fungal infections, but did not affect ant abundance. Leaf defensive traits (lignins and pubescence) were significantly induced by early damage and were negatively associated with insect herbivory and infection severity, but did not account for the effects of early leaf damage on either of these subsequent attackers. In addition, ant abundance was not associated with (or accounted for) subsequent herbivory or infection, suggesting they did not confer plant protection. Finally, early leaf damage negatively affected plant growth and flower production and analyses suggested that the effect on the latter was, at least partly, mediated by increased fungal infections. 4. Synthesis: Overall, these findings show that early herbivory determines the outcome of cotton interactions with subsequent attackers, and such effects have an impact on plant growth and flower output.
Data from: Density-mediated carry-over effects explain variation in breeding output across time in a seasonal population
In seasonal environments, where density dependence can operate throughout the annual cycle, vital rates are typically considered to be a function of the number of individuals at the beginning of each season. However, variation in density in the previous season could also cause surviving individuals to be in poor physiological condition, which could carry over to influence individual success in the following season. We examine this hypothesis using replicated populations of Drosophila melanogaster, the common fruitfly, over 23 non-overlapping generations with distinct breeding and non-breeding seasons. We found that the density at the beginning of the non-breeding season negatively affected the fresh weight of individuals that survived the non-breeding season and resulted in a 25% decrease in per capita breeding output among those that survived to the next season to breed. At the population level, per capita breeding output was best explained by a model that incorporated density at the beginning of the previous non-breeding season (carry-over effect, COE) and density at the beginning of the breeding season. Our results support the idea that density-mediated COEs are critical for understanding population dynamics in seasonal environments.
Data from: The negative effect of lianas on tree growth varies with tree species and season
<p>Lianas reduce tree growth, reproduction, and survival in tropical forests. Liana competition can be particularly intense in isolated forest fragments, where liana densities are high, and thus host tree infestation is common. Furthermore, lianas appear to grow particularly well during seasonal drought, when they may compete particularly intensely with trees. Few studies, however, have experimentally quantified the seasonal effects of liana competition on multiple tree species in tropical forests. We used a liana-removal experiment in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil to test whether the effects of lianas on tree growth varies with season and tree species identity. We conducted monthly diameter measurements using dendrometer bands on 88 individuals of five tree species for 24 months. We found that lianas had a stronger negative effect on some tree species during the wet season compared to the dry season. Furthermore, lianas significantly reduced the diameter growth of two tree species but had no effect on the other three tree species. The strong negative effect of lianas on some trees, particularly during the wet season, indicates that the effect of lianas on trees varies both seasonally and with tree species identity.</p>
Figure 3 from: Lucio-García JN, Sánchez-Reyes UJ, Horta-Vega JV, Reyes-Muñoz JL, Clark SM, Niño-Maldonado S (2022) Seasonal and microclimatic effects on leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in a tropical forest fragment in northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 1080: 21-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.76522
Figure 3 Individual dispersion of leaf beetle species whose association for microclimatic variables was significant in the dry season AAcallepitrix sp. 7 BAlagoasa trifasciataCBrachycoryna pumilaDCentralaphthona diversaEChaetocnema sp. 1 FEpitrix sp. 1 GSyphrea sp. 1. At each species panel: tiny, black dots represent the sampling units; gray circles represent the presence of the species in the sample, and the size of the circle is proportional to its abundance; straight lines represent vectors and indicate the dispersion of the species from the average position (centroid, pointed to by the red arrow) towards each of the sampling units where it was recorded; and ellipses represent the concentration of 95% of the specimens of the species. H canonical correlation values (loadings) between microclimatic variables and the abundance of Chrysomelidae. Abbreviations: MW: Maximum wind speed, AW: average wind speed, Tem: temperature, RH: relative humidity, HI: heat index, DP: dew point, Ev: evapotranspiration.
Figure 4 from: Lucio-García JN, Sánchez-Reyes UJ, Horta-Vega JV, Reyes-Muñoz JL, Clark SM, Niño-Maldonado S (2022) Seasonal and microclimatic effects on leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in a tropical forest fragment in northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 1080: 21-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.76522
Figure 4 Environmental ranges of leaf beetles during the rainy season. Abbreviations: Labi sutu (Labidomera suturella), Centra dive (Centralaphthona diversa), Mono bume (Monomacra bumeliae), Walte sp. 1 (Walterianella sp. 1), Alag trif (Alagoasa trifasciata), Zeno inco (Zenocolaspis inconstans).
Figure 2 from: Lucio-García JN, Sánchez-Reyes UJ, Horta-Vega JV, Reyes-Muñoz JL, Clark SM, Niño-Maldonado S (2022) Seasonal and microclimatic effects on leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in a tropical forest fragment in northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 1080: 21-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.76522
Figure 2 Individual dispersion of leaf beetle species whose association for microclimatic variables was significant in the rainy season AAlagoasa trifasciataBCentralaphthona diversaCLabidomera suturellaDMonomacra bumeliaeEWalterianella sp. 1 FZenocolaspis inconstans. At each species panel: the gray circles represent the presence of the species in the sample, and the size of the circle is proportional to its abundance; straight lines represent vectors and indicate the dispersion of the species from the average position (centroid) towards each of the evaluation units where it was recorded; and ellipses represent the concentration of 95% of the specimens of the species. G canonical correlation values (loadings) between microclimatic variables and the abundance of Chrysomelidae. Abbreviations: MW: Maximum wind speed, AW: average wind speed, Tem: temperature, RH: relative humidity, HI: heat index, DP: dew point, Ev: evapotranspiration.
Figure 1 from: Lucio-García JN, Sánchez-Reyes UJ, Horta-Vega JV, Reyes-Muñoz JL, Clark SM, Niño-Maldonado S (2022) Seasonal and microclimatic effects on leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in a tropical forest fragment in northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 1080: 21-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.76522
Figure 1 Location of the study area. A Ejido Santa Ana (red point) in Tamaulipas State, Mexico BNPA Altas Cumbres (red polygon) within Victoria municipality in Tamaulipas C Distribution of the sampling plots (blue squares) in the semideciduous tropical forest.
Figure 5 from: Lucio-García JN, Sánchez-Reyes UJ, Horta-Vega JV, Reyes-Muñoz JL, Clark SM, Niño-Maldonado S (2022) Seasonal and microclimatic effects on leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in a tropical forest fragment in northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 1080: 21-52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.76522
Figure 5 Environmental ranges of leaf beetles during the dry season. Abbreviations: Chae sp. 1 (Chaetocnema sp. 1), Syph sp. 1 (Syphrea sp. 1), Acall sp. 7 (Acallepitrix sp. 7), Brach pumi (Brachycoryna pumila), Epit sp. 1 (Epitrix sp. 1), Centra dive (Centralaphthona diversa), Alag trif (Alagoasa trifasciata).
Figure 3 in Effect of season and housing systems on various physiobehavioral attributes of local breed of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Figure 3. Effect of housing systems on various behavioral attributes of rabbits. Data is mean (± SE). Similar letters on the bars indicate non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference within caged and colony reared rabbits for sitting. Different letters on the bars indicate significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference within caged and colony reared rabbits for standing and walking.
Figure 8 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 8 - Seasonal variations in lipofuscin accumulation between summer and winter bees of the same race. Asterisks (*) in the graph represent significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 7 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 7 - Inter-race comparison of lipofuscin accumulation A summer bees B winter bees. Graph bars headed by the same letter represent non-significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 6 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 6 - Comparisons between nurse and forager bees in the accumulation of lipofuscin in hypopharyngeal glands. A summer bees B winter bees. Asterisks (*) in the graph represent significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 5 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 5 - Lipofuscin accumulation (black granular structures: arrows) in the hypopharyngeal glands of nurse and forager bees A A. m. carnica nurse B A. m. carnica forager C A. m. jemenitica nurse D A. m. jemenitica forager E A. m. ligustica nurse F A. m. ligustica forager. (Images at 400× magnification).
Figure 4 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 4 - Inter-race comparison of acini size (length, width, and surface area) among the HPGs of A. mellifera A summer nurse B summer forager C winter nurse D winter forager. Graph bars headed by the same letter represent non-significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 3 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 3 - Acini sizes (length, width, and surface area) of nurse and forager bees. A A. m. jemenitica B A. m. carnica C A. m. ligustica . Nurse bees (summer & winter) had significantly larger acini than forager (summer & winter) bees in the three races. Asterisks (*) in the graphs represent the significant differences between the groups (LSD test at p ≤ 0.05).
Figure 2 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 2 - Acini in the hypopharyngeal glands of the nurse and forager bees. A A. m. carnica nurse B A. m. carnica forager C A. m. jemenitica nurse D A. m. jemenitica forager E A. m. ligustica nurse F A. m. ligustica forager. Scale bars: 6.2 mm (A), 4.2 mm (B), 7.6 mm (C), 7.9 mm (D), 9.8 mm (E), 5.6 mm (F). (Images at 20× magnification).
Figure 1 from: Ali H, Alqarni AS, Iqbal J, Owayss AA, Raweh HS, Smith BH (2019) Effect of season and behavioral activity on the hypopharyngeal glands of three honey bee Apis mellifera L. races under stressful climatic conditions of central Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 68: 85-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.68.29678
Figure 1 - Microscopic measurement of acini length and width in the hypopharyngeal glands of honey bees. L length W width (Image at 20× magnification).
Early‐life seasonal, weather and social effects on telomere length in a wild mammal
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Early-life environmental conditions can provide a source of individual variation in life-history strategies and senescence patterns. <a name="_Hlk65916590">Conditions experienced in early life can be quantified by measuring telomere length, which can act as a biomarker of survival probability in some species. </a>Here, we investigate whether seasonal changes, weather conditions, and group size are associated with early-life and/or early-adulthood telomere length in a wild population of European badgers (<i>Meles meles</i>). <a name="_Hlk68254810">We found substantial intra-annual changes in telomere length during the first three years of life (both between and within individuals), with shorter telomere lengths in the winter following the first spring and a trend for longer telomere lengths in the second spring compared to the first winter.</a> <a name="_Hlk65917227">In terms of weather conditions, cubs born in warmer, wetter springs with low rainfall variability had longer early-life (3–12 months old) telomere lengths</a>. Additionally, cubs born in groups with more cubs had marginally longer early-life telomeres, providing no evidence of resource constraint from cub competition. We also found that our previously documented positive association between early-life telomere length and cub survival probability remained when social and weather variables were included. Finally, after sexual maturity, in early adulthood (i.e. 12–36 months) we found no significant association between same-sex adult group size and telomere length (i.e. no effect of intra-sexual competition). Overall, we show that controlling for seasonal effects, which are linked to food availability and foraging success, is important in telomere length analyses, and that variation in telomere length in badgers reflects early-life conditions and also predicts first year cub survival.</p>
Fig. 2 in Spatial pattern of a fish assemblage in a seasonal tropical wetland: effects of habitat, herbaceous plant biomass, water depth, and distance from species sources
Fig. 2. Distribution of the relative abundance of the 49 species of fish captured in the 22 plots in Site of Long-Term Sampling (SLTS), related to the depth at each of the collection plots.
Predicting Effectiveness of Light Treatment for Winter Seasonal Affective Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00742365. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 4.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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