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853 results for “sign”
A multi-state occupancy model to non-invasively monitor visible signs of wildlife health with camera traps that accounts for image quality
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Signing up to Open Science: Open Peer Review and Aligning Core Values
<p><strong>Episode Summary:</strong></p> <p>In this episode we are talking to Dr Guillaume Filion from the Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona about his decision to put his name on all his peer reviews, why he feels this makes him more accountable, and what choices researchers need to make about whether their values align with those who they will work with. </p> <p><strong>Resources and Links:</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.orion-openscience.eu/node/201">Factsheets</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.crg.eu/en/programmes-groups/filion-lab">Dr Guillaume Filion</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/thegrandlocus">Twitter Page</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="http://blog.thegrandlocus.com/2018/09/on-open-peer-review">Original Blog Post by Dr Guillaume Filion</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/learning/open-peer-review/#/id/5a17e150c2af651d1e3b1bce">FOSTER+ Information on Open Peer Review </a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Episode Quotes:</strong></p> <p>“I had the feeling I would do a better job as a reviewer, if I put my name on it, if I put my name on the line then it would force me not to do a bad job”</p>
German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark - 3 different types of backdoor patterns added
<p>Datasets are split in Training and Test datasets</p> <p>GTSRB_backdoor_green_1.zip - a green squared pattern sized 1% of the images area is added randomly around the center in an interval of +/-20% of time images width and height</p> <p>GTSRB_backdoor_green_0_5.zip - a green squared pattern sized 0.5% of the images area is added randomly around the center in an interval of +/-20% of time images width and height</p> <p>GTSRB_backdoor_black_1.zip - a black squared pattern sized 1% of the images area is added randomly around the center in an interval of +/-20% of time images width and height</p>
Videos to accompany publication "The Synthesis of Complex Shape Deployments in Sign Language" (Filhol & McDonald, 2020)
<p>Videos to accompany publication "The Synthesis of Complex Shape Deployments in Sign Language" (Filhol & McDonald, 2020)</p>
CURE-TSR: Challenging Unreal and Real Environments for Traffic Sign Recognition
<p>As one of the research directions at <a href="https://ghassanalregib.info/">OLIVES Lab @ Georgia Tech</a>, we focus on the robustness of data-driven algorithms under diverse challenging conditions where trained models can possibly be depolyed. To achieve this goal, we introduced a large-sacle (>2M images) traffic sign recognition dataset (<a href="https://github.com/olivesgatech/CURE-TSR">CURE-TSR</a>) which is among the most comprehensive datasets with controlled synthetic challenging conditions. Traffic sign images in the <a href="https://github.com/olivesgatech/CURE-TSR">CURE-TSR</a> dataset were cropped from the <a href="https://github.com/olivesgatech/CURE-TSD">CURE-TSD</a> dataset, which includes around 1.7 million real-world and simulator images with more than 2 million traffic sign instances. Real-world images were obtained from the BelgiumTS video sequences and simulated images were generated with the Unreal Engine 4 game development tool. Sign types include speed limit, goods vehicles, no overtaking, no stopping, no parking, stop, bicycle, hump, no left, no right, priority to, no entry, yield, and parking. Unreal and real sequences were processed with state-of-the-art visual effect software Adobe(c) After Effects to simulate challenging conditions, which include rain, snow, haze, shadow, darkness, brightness, blurriness, dirtiness, colorlessness, sensor and codec errors. Please refer to our <a href="https://github.com/olivesgatech/CURE-TSR">GitHub page</a> for code, papers, and more information.</p> <p>Instructions: </p> <p>The name format of the provided images are as follows: "sequenceType_signType_challengeType_challengeLevel_Index.bmp"</p> <ul> <li> <p>sequenceType: 01 - Real data 02 - Unreal data</p> </li> <li> <p>signType: 01 - speed_limit 02 - goods_vehicles 03 - no_overtaking 04 - no_stopping 05 - no_parking 06 - stop 07 - bicycle 08 - hump 09 - no_left 10 - no_right 11 - priority_to 12 - no_entry 13 - yield 14 - parking</p> </li> <li> <p>challengeType: 00 - No challenge 01 - Decolorization 02 - Lens blur 03 - Codec error 04 - Darkening 05 - Dirty lens 06 - Exposure 07 - Gaussian blur 08 - Noise 09 - Rain 10 - Shadow 11 - Snow 12 - Haze</p> </li> <li> <p>challengeLevel: A number in between [01-05] where 01 is the least severe and 05 is the most severe challenge.</p> </li> <li> <p>Index: A number shows different instances of traffic signs in the same conditions.</p> </li> </ul>
Integrative genomic phylogeography reveals signs of mitonuclear incompatibility in a natural hybrid goby population
<p>Hybridization between divergent lineages generates new allelic combinations. One mechanism that can hinder the formation of hybrid populations is mitonuclear incompatibility, i.e. dysfunctional interactions between proteins encoded on the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of diverged lineages. Theoretically, selective pressure due to mitonuclear incompatibility can affect genotypes in a hybrid population in which nuclear genomes and mitogenomes from divergent lineages admix. To directly and thoroughly observe this key process, we <i>de novo</i> sequenced the 747 Mb genome of the coastal goby, <i>Chaenogobius annularis</i>, and investigated its integrative genomic phylogeographics using RNA‐sequencing, RAD‐sequencing, genome re‐sequencing, whole mitogenome sequencing, amplicon‐sequencing, and small RNA‐sequencing. <i>Chaenogobius annularis</i> populations have been geographically separated into Pacific Ocean (PO) and Sea of Japan (SJ) lineages by past isolation events around the Japanese archipelago. Despite the divergence history and potential mitonuclear incompatibility between these lineages, the mitogenomes of the PO and SJ lineages have coexisted for generations in a hybrid population on the Sanriku Coast. Our analyses revealed accumulation of nonsynonymous substitutions in the PO‐lineage mitogenomes, including two convergent substitutions, as well as signals of mitochondrial lineage‐specific selection on mitochondria‐related nuclear genes. Finally, our data implied that a microRNA gene was involved in resolving mitonuclear incompatibility. Our integrative genomic phylogeographic approach revealed that mitonuclear incompatibility can affect genome evolution in a natural hybrid population.</p>
Data from: Genetic signs of multiple colonization events in Baltic ciscoes with radiation into sympatric spring and autumn-spawners confined to early post-glacial arrival
Presence of sympatric populations may reflect local diversification or secondary contact of already distinct forms. The Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) normally spawns in late autumn, but in a few lakes in Northern Europe sympatric autumn and spring- or winter-spawners have been described. So far, the evolutionary relationships and taxonomic status of these main life history forms have remained largely unclear. With microsatellites and mtDNA sequences, we analyzed extant and extinct spring- and autumn-spawners from a total of 23 Swedish localities, including sympatric populations. Published sequences from Baltic ciscoes in Germany and Finland, and Coregonus sardinella from North America were also included together with novel mtDNA sequences from Siberian C. sardinella. A clear genetic structure within Sweden was found that included two population assemblages markedly differentiated at microsatellites and apparently fixed for mtDNA haplotypes from two distinct clades. All sympatric Swedish populations belonged to the same assemblage, suggesting parallel evolution of spring-spawning rather than secondary contact. The pattern observed further suggests that postglacial immigration to Northern Europe occurred from at least two different refugia. Previous results showing that mtDNA in Baltic cisco is paraphyletic with respect to North American C. sardinella were confirmed. However, the inclusion of Siberian C. sardinella revealed a more complicated pattern, as these novel haplotypes were found within one of the two main C. albula clades and were clearly distinct from those in North American C. sardinella. The evolutionary history of Northern Hemisphere ciscoes thus seems to be more complex than previously recognized.
Data from: No signs of inbreeding despite long-term isolation and habitat fragmentation in the critically endangered Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)
Endemic species with restricted geographic ranges potentially suffer the highest risk of extinction. If these species are further fragmented into genetically isolated subpopulations, the risk of extinction is elevated. Habitat fragmentation is generally considered to have negative effects on species survival, despite some evidence for neutral or even positive effects. Typically, non-negative effects are ignored by conservation biology. The Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi) has one of the smallest distribution ranges of any European amphibian (8 km2) and is considered critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Here we apply molecular markers to analyze its population structure and find that habitat fragmentation owing to a natural barrier has resulted in strong genetic division of populations into two sectors, with no detectable migration between sites. Although effective population size estimates suggest low values for all populations, we found low levels of inbreeding and relatedness between individuals within populations. Moreover, C. arnoldi displays similar levels of genetic diversity to its sister species Calotriton asper, from which it separated around 1.5 million years ago and which has a much larger distribution range. Our extensive study shows that natural habitat fragmentation does not result in negative genetic effects, such as the loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding on an evolutionary timescale. We hypothesize that species in such conditions may evolve strategies (for example, special mating preferences) to mitigate the effects of small population sizes. However, it should be stressed that the influence of natural habitat fragmentation on an evolutionary timescale should not be conflated with anthropogenic habitat loss or degradation when considering conservation strategies.
Data from: The sign of cascading predator effects varies with prey traits in a detrital system
1. Theory and experiments show that the nature of 'green' trophic cascades, between predators, herbivores and plants, varies with several key species traits: predator hunting mode and predator and prey habitat domains. Meanwhile, 'brown' cascades between predators, environment-modifying detritivores and plants have been largely overlooked and the roles of species traits, particularly prey traits, in determining the nature of these cascades remains unclear. 2. We hypothesize that, in predator–detritivore–plant interaction chains, the burrowing ability of plant-facilitating detritivores determines their response to predators and thus the sign of indirect effect transmitted. In the dung-decomposer food web of an alpine meadow, we predicted that in the presence of above-ground predacious beetles: (i) non-burrowing detritivores will suffer mortality due to predation and transmit negative indirect effects to plants, whereas (ii) burrowing detritivores will escape predation by retreating deeper into the soil, transmitting positive indirect effects to plants. 3. In support of predictions, experiments showed that a single species of predacious beetle (i) reduced the density of the non-burrowing species and indirectly reduced dung loss rate, soil nutrient concentrations and plant biomass, but (ii) drove the burrowing species deeper, indirectly improved soil conditions and increased plant biomass. 4. These results show that the burrowing ability of a detritivore can determine whether it transmits a negative indirect effect mediated by a reduction in its density, or a positive indirect effect mediated by its behavioural response to predation risk. 5. We call for further tests of our detritivore-trait hypothesis in different regions and ecosystems to further develop a general trait-based framework for trophic cascades in detrital food webs. We further advance the general hypothesis that the locomotion traits of prey species (e.g. burrowing/flying ability) may help explain their behavioural response to predation risk and the nature of indirect effect they transmit from predators to plants.
Data from: Signs of a vector's adaptive choice: on the evasion of infectious hosts and parasite-induced mortality
Laboratory and field experiments have demonstrated in many cases that malaria vectors do not feed randomly, but show important preferences either for infected or non-infected hosts. These preferences are likely in part shaped by the costs imposed by the parasites on both their vertebrate and dipteran hosts. However, the effect of changes in vector behaviour on actual parasite transmission remains a debated issue. We used the natural associations between a malaria-like parasite Polychromophilus murinus, the bat fly Nycteribia kolenatii and a vertebrate host the Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii to test the vector's feeding preference based on the host's infection status using two different approaches: 1) controlled behavioural assays in the laboratory where bat flies could choose between a pair of hosts; 2) natural bat fly abundance data from wild-caught bats, serving as an approximation of realised feeding preference of the bat flies. Hosts with the fewest infectious stages of the parasite were most attractive to the bat flies that did switch in the behavioural assay. In line with the hypothesis of costs imposed by parasites on their vectors, bat flies carrying parasites had higher mortality. However, in wild populations, bat flies were found feeding more based on the bat's body condition, rather than its infection level. Though the absolute frequency of host switches performed by the bat flies during the assays was low, in the context of potential parasite transmission they were extremely high. The decreased survival of infected bat flies suggests that the preference for less infected hosts is an adaptive trait. Nonetheless, other ecological processes ultimately determine the vector's biting rate and thus transmission. Inherent vector preferences therefore play only a marginal role in parasite transmission in the field. The ecological processes rather than preferences per se need to be identified for successful epidemiological predictions.
Data from: Climatic stress during stand development alters the sign and magnitude of age-related growth responses in a subtropical mountain pine
The modification of typical age-related growth by environmental changes is poorly understood, In part because there is a lack of consensus at individual tree level regarding age-dependent growth responses to climate warming as stands develop. To increase our current understanding about how multiple drivers of environmental change can modify growth responses as trees age we used tree ring data of a mountain subtropical pine species along an altitudinal gradient covering more than 2,200 m of altitude. We applied mixed-linear models to determine how absolute and relative age-dependent growth varies depending on stand development; and to quantify the relative importance of tree age and climate on individual tree growth responses. Tree age was the most important factor for tree growth in models parameterised using data from all forest developmental stages. Contrastingly, the relationship found between tree age and growth became non-significant in models parameterised using data corresponding to mature stages. These results suggest that although absolute tree growth can continuously increase along tree size when trees reach maturity age had no effect on growth. Tree growth was strongly reduced under increased annual temperature, leading to more constant age-related growth responses. Furthermore, young trees were the most sensitive to reductions in relative growth rates, but absolute growth was strongly reduced under increased temperature in old trees. Our results help to reconcile previous contrasting findings of age-related growth responses at the individual tree level, suggesting that the sign and magnitude of age-related growth responses vary with stand development. The different responses found to climate for absolute and relative growth rates suggest that young trees are particularly vulnerable under warming climate, but reduced absolute growth in old trees could alter the species' potential as a carbon sink in the future.
Hollywood sign, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Hollywood sign, Los Angeles, CA, USA Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Sign Post
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Road sign
📍 [Tseung Kwan O, New Territories](https://scaniver.se/L22.31510,114.26095) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
根津神社の標識:Sign of Nezu Shrine
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mexican Sign Language Alphabet (static signs only)
<h2>Dataset Description: Mexican Sign Language Alphabet</h2><p> </p><h3>Overview:</h3><p>The Mexican Sign Language Alphabet dataset is a comprehensive collection of static signs representing the Mexican Sign Language (LSM) alphabet. This dataset is designed to facilitate research and development in sign language recognition and understanding. It includes 21 distinct signs, covering all letters except J, K, Ñ, Q, X, and Z, which are dynamic signs.</p><p> </p><h3>Data Representation:</h3><ul><li>The dataset comprises images of hand signs, captured against a uniform green background.</li><li>The signs are represented as static images, allowing for a clear and standardized view of each sign.</li><li>A total of 20 participants were involved in capturing the dataset, ensuring a diverse range of sign representations.</li></ul><p> </p><h3>Data Collection:</h3><ul><li>The data collection process employed a green screen and constant illumination to maintain consistent visual quality across all images.</li><li>To capture a wide range of variations, the dataset is divided into three distinct groups: A, B, and C.<ul><li>Group A contains images with low variation, primarily focusing on light rotations among all degrees of freedom.</li><li>Group B features images with rotations along three axes (yaw, roll, pitch), introducing variations in sign orientation.</li><li>Group C comprises images with high variation, emphasizing pronounced movements along all degrees of freedom.</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p><h3>Data Partitioning:</h3><ul><li>The dataset is structured into train and test partitions, ensuring a reliable evaluation of model performance.</li><li>The train partition contains data from 18 randomly selected participants, while the test partition includes data from the remaining 2 participants.</li></ul><p> </p><h3>Directory Structure:</h3><ul><li>The root folder contains subdirectories for the three distinct variation groups: lss-abc-A, lsm-abc-B, lsm-C.</li><li>Each of these variation groups is further divided into "train" and "test" partitions.</li><li>Within the "train" and "test" partitions, you will find subdirectories labeled with class names, representing individual signs (e.g., A, B, C, D, ..., Y).</li><li>Inside each class directory, you will find images in jpg format, depicting the corresponding sign. These images are organized for training and evaluation purposes.</li></ul><p> </p>
Surf City Garage Sign
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Day 14 - Old textile sign
Old textile sign and its magical creature. Captured with iPhone 12 Pro - Lidar + Polycam Trying to use Sketchfab as a volumetric logbook. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Grand Canal Sign Dublin
Grand Canal Dock (Irish: Duga na Canálach Móire) is a Southside area near the city centre of Dublin, Ireland. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Hollywood Sign, Los Angeles
Modélisé à partir d'une vidéo Youtube  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.