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238 results for “spatial dynamics”
Mismatches between birds' spatial and temporal dynamics reflect their delayed response to global changes
<p>Global changes alter the dynamics of biodiversity, and are forecasted to continue or worsen in the decades to come. Modelling approaches used to anticipate these impacts are mainly based on the equivalence between spatial and temporal response to environmental forcings, generally called space-for-time substitution. However, several processes are known to generate deviations between spatial and temporal responses, potentially undermining the prediction based on space-for-time substitution.</p> <p>We here used high-resolution data from the french breeding bird survey to quantify and map the deviation between spatial and temporal patterns of bird abundances resulting from the dynamics of 124 species monitored in 2133 sites between 2001 and 2012. Using independent empirical data, we then tested specific predictions linked to the determinants (anthropogenic activities) and processes (lagged responses to environmental changes) potentially generating these deviations. We found that deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of abundances were particularly structured in space for bird communities. Following our predictions, these space–time deviations were positively correlated with the human influence on ecosystems, and linked with colonization–extinction ratios and community completeness, two markers of ongoing delayed responses to environmental changes. Our results suggest that the deviations between spatial and temporal patterns are related to recent anthropogenic environmental changes and disequilibrium responses to these changes. Investigating deviations between spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity might open promising perspectives for a formal quantification of disequilibrium state of biodiversity at large spatial scale.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Mally R, Ward SF, Trombik J, Buszko J, Medzihorský V, Liebhold AM (2021) Non-native plant drives the spatial dynamics of its herbivores: the case of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) in Europe. NeoBiota 69: 155-175. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.69.71949
Tables S2–S9
Data set for "Overstory dynamics regulate the spatial variability in forest-floor CO2 fluxes across a managed boreal forest landscape"
<p>This data set is a compilation of forest stand characteristics, forest-floor environmental conditions, soil properties, ecosystem carbon stocks, and annual forest-floor CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes. The data set is composed by 3-year mean annual values obtained from biometric- and chamber-based flux measurements conducted during the period 2016–2018. Negative values of forest-floor CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes indicate carbon uptake and positive values indicate carbon release. Data were collected in 50 forest stands within the Krycklan Catchment Study (<a href="https://www.slu.se/Krycklan">https://www.slu.se/Krycklan</a>), a multi-scale long-term monitored boreal catchment spanning 68 km<sup>2</sup> in northern Sweden. Selected forest stands encompassed different soil types (sediment vs. till), dominant tree species (pine vs. spruce), and age classes (from initiation to old-growth stands).</p> <p>Variables, units, and definitions are found in the 1_metadata_Martínez-García_et_al._forest-floor_CO2_fluxes.xlsx file</p> <p>More details can be found in Martínez-García et al. (2022) Overstory dynamics regulate the spatial variability in forest-floor CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes across a managed boreal forest landscape. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 318: 108916. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108916">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108916</a></p> <p>Contact information:</p> <p>Ph.D. Eduardo Martínez García (<a href="mailto:eduardo.martinez@slu.se">eduardo.martinez@slu.se</a>, <a href="mailto:edu.martinez.garcia@gmail.com">edu.martinez.garcia@gmail.com</a>)</p> <p>Professor Matthias Peichl (<a href="mailto:matthias.peichl@slu.se">matthias.peichl@slu.se</a>)</p> <p>Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Cook RT, Ward SF, Liebhold AM, Fei S (2021) Spatial dynamics of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, invasion of the Northeastern United States. NeoBiota 70: 23-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.70.67950
Figure S1
Supplementary material 4 from: Cook RT, Ward SF, Liebhold AM, Fei S (2021) Spatial dynamics of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, invasion of the Northeastern United States. NeoBiota 70: 23-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.70.67950
Table S1. Predictor variable summary
Supplementary material 3 from: Cook RT, Ward SF, Liebhold AM, Fei S (2021) Spatial dynamics of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, invasion of the Northeastern United States. NeoBiota 70: 23-42. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.70.67950
Figure S3. Habitat predictor variable distributions
Data from: Dynamics of bird assemblages in response to temporally and spatially variable resources in arid Australia
<p>Bird assemblages in arid Australia are often characterised as being highly variable through time in response to boom and bust dynamics, although the importance of habitat in structuring assemblages at a local scale is also recognised. We use a novel approach to investigate the importance of rainfall variability in structuring bird assemblages in a resource-limited environment. Monthly bird surveys were conducted at ten plots for eight years at a botanical and zoological park in central Australia, including five irrigated plots within a fenced area and five natural plots outside. Irrigation – used to promote growth, flowering, and fruiting of plants – created an artificial resource-enhanced environment against which the response of birds to natural fluctuations in season and rainfall were compared. Species richness was generally maintained at a higher level in resource-enhanced plots during dry times but was higher in natural sites when rainfall was high, mainly due to increases in granivores and insectivores. Honeyeaters were consistently more abundant at irrigated sites. Rainfall was important in structuring bird assemblages at all plots; however, assemblages were more stable in irrigated plots and did not respond as dramatically to a period of very high rainfall. The comparative smoothing of fluctuations in the composition and abundance of birds in irrigated areas highlights the importance of primary productivity, normally tied to rainfall, in driving temporal change in arid-zone bird communities. There was also evidence that different plots in differing habitats supported distinct bird assemblages and that this spatial distinctiveness persisted irrespective of rainfall and determined, to some extent, the response to rainfall. Our study is one of few long-term studies of arid bird assemblages and highlights the importance of both long-term cycles of productivity driven by rain and season as well as site differences in the dynamics of arid zone bird communities. These insights are particularly valuable as climate change further exacerbates rainfall variability worldwide and initiatives to conserve avifauna in increasingly extreme environments may be required.</p>
Data from: Anderson lab experiments from synthesizing the effects of spatial network structure on predator prey dynamics
<p>Predator-prey persistence is thought to be enhanced by spatial heterogeneity. Theory predicts that metacommunity size, spatial connectivity, network synchrony, predator identity, and productivity influence predator-prey persistence, through a variety of mechanisms such as statistical stabilization, colonization-extinction dynamics, and trophic interactions. However, comparative tests and synthesis of the multiple factors and mechanisms across different spatial networks are needed to understand which factors and mechanisms of spatial network structure promote predator-prey persistence. To address this gap between theory and empirical work, we synthesized data from 22 microcosm experiments of protist predator-prey communities differing the productivity, connectivity, and size of spatial habitat structure. Prey time to extinction was better explained by productivity and spatial factors than predator time to extinction. At the local and regional scale, metacommunity size and productivity had positive effects on prey occupancy, whereas connectivity negatively influenced prey occupancy. For predators, metacommunity size and connectivity had positive effects on predator occupancy, network synchrony had negative influences, and productivity showed a hump-shaped relationship with predator occupancy. Further, trophic interactions drove variation in the way species were spatially structured, where the strength and direction of predator and prey occupancy relationships varied among productivity levels and predator-prey combinations. In predator-prey interactions that were stronger, prey occupancy showed negative relationship with predator occupancy regardless of productivity. However, in predator-prey interactions that were weaker, prey occupancy was positively related to predator occupancy at low productivity, and this relationship disappeared at higher productivity treatments where prey occupancy was high regardless of predator occupancy. Predictions from metapopulation theory explained predator occupancy, while prey were better explained by trophic dynamics. Taken together, these results highlight that spatial network structure has a complex, spatially contingent relationship with predator-prey dynamics.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Zhao M, Tian Y, Dong N, Hu Y, Tian G, Lei Y (2022) Spatial and temporal dynamics of habitat quality in response to socioeconomic and landscape patterns in the context of urbanization: A case in Zhengzhou City, China. Nature Conservation 48: 185-212. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.48.85179
Notes on the data
Data from: Contrasting effects of spatial heterogeneity and environmental stochasticity on population dynamics of a perennial wildflower
Understanding how variation in growth, survival and reproduction affect population dynamics is a fundamental question in ecology. Although the effects of among-year variation (environmental stochasticity) are well understood, the effects of among-site variation (spatial heterogeneity) are less clearly defined. I evaluated the effects of spatial and temporal variation on the population dynamics of Pulsatilla patens, pasqueflower, a perennial prairie forb. I conducted a 10-year demographic monitoring study, and quantified vital rate variation among sites and years using generalized linear models. I incorporated vital rate functions using this variation into integral projection models for stochastic and spatially heterogeneous environments. I also explored the effects of temporal and spatial autocorrelation, by exploring model predictions over the range of possible values for temporal autocorrelation and local seed dispersal. Vital rates varied more among years than among sites. However, environmental stochasticity and spatial heterogeneity had similar magnitude effects on population dynamics. These effects were also qualitatively different: environmental stochasticity reduced population growth rates relative to the average, whereas spatial heterogeneity increased population growth rates. Spatial autocorrelation and negative temporal autocorrelation led to higher population growth rates, although environmental stochasticity still reduced growth rates for all autocorrelation values, and spatial heterogeneity increased growth rates for all autocorrelation values. Some form of autocorrelation would be necessary for model projections to match observed population trends. Synthesis. Spatial heterogeneity is as important as environmental stochasticity for population dynamics, but it is much less often incorporated into population projection models. This study points to a number of interesting avenues for future research into the roles of spatial heterogeneity and spatiotemporal variation for long-term population dynamics.
Spatial dynamics of pathogen transmission in communally roosting species: Impacts of changing habitats on bat-virus dynamics
<p>1. The spatial organisation of populations determines their pathogen dynamics. This is particularly important for communally roosting species, whose aggregations are often driven by the spatial structure of their environment.</p> <p>2. We develop a spatially explicit model for virus transmission within roosts of Australian tree-dwelling bats (<i>Pteropus</i> spp.), parameterised to reflect Hendra virus. The spatial structure of roosts mirrors three study sites, and viral transmission between groups of bats in trees was modelled as a function of distance between roost trees. Using three levels of tree density to reflect anthropogenic changes in bats habitats, we investigate the potential effects of recent ecological shifts in Australia on the dynamics of zoonotic viruses in reservoir hosts.</p> <p>3. We show that simulated infection dynamics in spatially structured roosts differ from that of mean-field models for equivalently sized populations, highlighting the importance of spatial structure in disease models of gregarious taxa. Under contrasting scenarios of flying-fox roosting structures, sparse stand structures (with fewer trees but more bats per tree) generate higher probabilities of successful outbreaks, larger and faster epidemics, and shorter virus extinction times, compared to intermediate and dense stand structures with more trees but fewer bats per tree. These observations are consistent with the greater force of infection generated by structured populations with less numerous but larger infected groups, and may flag an increased risk of pathogen spillover from these increasingly abundant roost types.</p> <p>4. Outputs from our models contribute insights into the spread of viruses in structured animal populations, like communally roosting species, as well as specific insights into Hendra virus infection dynamics and spillover risk in a situation of changing host ecology. These insights will be relevant for modelling other zoonotic viruses in wildlife reservoir hosts in response to habitat modification and changing populations, including coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2. </p>
Figure 4 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 4 - Mean number of individuals of hygrophilic (A/B) and xerophilic/mesophilic (C/D) carabid beetle species at the fallow (A/C) and ruderal area (B/D) during different moisture conditions. Abbreviations: ef = ecological flooding (higher Rhine water levels); spe = flood caused by a strong precipitation event; dc = drought conditions; ° outliers. Different letters represent statistically significant differences (Mann-Whitney U-test).
Figure 3 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 3 - Mean number of individuals per trap and day (± SE) and total carabid beetle species number at location 1 (fallow area) and location 6 (ruderal area) (n=3) during the vegetation period of 2008. Hygrophilic species (black bars) and xerophilic as well as mesophilic species (grey bars) are shown. Abbreviations: ef = ecological flooding; spe = strong precipitation event.
Figure 1 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 1 - Location of the polder "Ingelheim" in Germany and location of the different areas and pitfall trap localities (L1–L6) within this polder (A). Abbreviations: LA 0: ruderal area; HB 0: fallow area; LA 0 + HB 0: transition area between LA 0 and HB 0; HA 0: agricultural fields; L1–6: locations of the six pitfall trap groups (three pitfall traps per locality). The pictures show the main flood gate (left) and the ecological flood gate (right), and an ecological flooding in March 2007 (B) and the fast drying event in the ruderal area after ecological flooding in April 2007 (C).
Figure 6 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 6 - PCA of springtail communities in the fallow area (location 1) and the ruderal area (location 6) during ecological flooding, the flood caused by a strong precipitation event and drought conditions. Only species with more than 1% dominance value in at least one area are included. Abbreviations of the species: I.pal=Isotomurus palustris; I.vir=Isotoma viridis; L.cya=Lepidocyrtus cyaneus; O.vil=Orchesella villosa; P.aqu=Podura aquatica; S.aqu=Sminthurides aquaticus. Percentage variation explained by the two PCA axes are included.
Figure 2 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 2 - PCA of carabid beetle communities in the fallow area (location 1) and the ruderal area (location 6) during ecological flooding, the flood caused by a strong precipitation event and drought conditions. Only species with more than 1% dominance value in at least one area are included. Abbreviations of the species: A.mar=Agonum marginatum; A.bif=Amara bifrons; A.sim=Amara similata; B.lam=Bembidion lampros; B.pro=Bembidion properans; B.qua=Bembidion quadrimaculatum; C.pur=Carabus purpurascens; H.aff=Harpalus affinis; H.ruf=Harpalus rufipes; H.sma=Harpalus smaragdinus; N.bre=Nebria brevicollis; O.ard=Ophonus ardosiacus; P.cup=Poecilus cupreus; P.ant=Pterostichus anthracinus; P.mel=Pterostichus melanarius; P.nig=Pterostichus nigrita. Percentage variation explained by the two PCA axes is included.
Figure 5 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 5 - Mean individual numbers per trap and day (± SE) and total species numbers of springtails of the pitfall traps of location 1 and location 6 (n=3) over the vegetation period 2008. Hygrophilic and hygrotolerant species (black bars) and xerotolerant as well as mesophilic species (grey bars) are shown. Abbreviations: ef = ecological flooding; spe = strong precipitation event.
Figure 7 from: Lessel T, Marx M, Eisenbeis G (2011) Effects of ecological flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and springtails (Collembola) in a polder habitat. ZooKeys 100: 421-446. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1538
Figure 7 - Mean number of individuals of hygrophilic/hygrotolerant (A/B) and xerotolerant/mesophilic (C/D) collembolan species at the fallow (A/C) and ruderal area (B/D) during different moisture conditions. Abbreviations: ef = ecological flooding (higher Rhine water levels); spe = flood caused by a strong precipitation event; dc = drought conditions; ° outliers. Different letters represent statistically significant differences (Mann-Whitney U-test).
Spatial datasets for Victorian kelp dynamics
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Aim:</span></strong><span> Kelp forests throughout temperate regions of the world serve as foundation species that play a critical role in sustaining the health and function of marine ecosystems but are experiencing declines in abundance due to loss in resilience as the ocean clim</span><span>ate changes. Ocean warming along southeast Australia</span> has already been linked to dramatic losses of kelp species and is contributing to the range expansion and population increases of two species of sea urchin. The purpose of this research is to understand the impact of multiple stressors on the decline in kelps in this region.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Location:</strong> Coastal waters off Victoria, Australia</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span>In this study, we use long-term (> 20 years) datasets on biological observations across Victorian waters to determine trends in coverage and the impact of multiple environmental variables (temperature, habitat, currents, waves, connectivity, urchin abundances) on two important kelps that serve as foundation species (<em>Phyllospora comosa</em> and <em>Ecklonia radiata) </em>using boosted regression trees. These models were then used to develop predictive distribution models for each species and also to predict areas of future risk. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> We found that both kelp species are decreasing in percent coverage over time and multiple environmental variables, including increasing temperatures, intensifying wave energy, changes in currents and recruitment patterns, and increases in urchin populations are all contributing to the declines of kelps. Additionally, future projections of temperature and wave energy show that these species will likely continue to decrease across 71% of Victorian waters. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Main Conclusions:</span></strong><span><strong> </strong>This information can help to better manage these important foundation species by providing maps of their current and past distributions, along with projections of climate change, to target different areas for urchin culling or macroalgae restoration to reduce future losses.</span></p>
Impacts of climate-driven changes in habitat phenology on dynamics of niche overlaps and spatial associations in a boreal waterbird community
<p>A fundamental, yet little explored question is if climate change has affected niche relationships and spatial associations of native non-invasive species in established local communities, potentially affecting interspecific interactions and community organization. Here, long-term (1991–2020) changes in habitat niche overlaps (HNO) and spatial associations (SA) were studied in relation to climate-driven changes in habitat phenology in a community of eight migratory waterbird species breeding on 37 lakes in southeastern Finland.</p> <p>Overall timing of ice-out (IOD) and within-season variation in the timing of ice-out (standard deviation of IOD; SDIOD) in lakes determine habitat availability for waterbirds during the settling phase. Previous work has documented that IOD has advanced and SDIOD increased during the study period, with species responding differently to these changes in their habitat use.</p> <p>HNO and SA varied considerably in the 28 species pairs during the study period. The effect of IOD and SDIOD on that variation was generally small. However, the direction and magnitude of the effects of IOD and SDIOD on HNO and SA varied considerably among the species pairs. Overall differences in the direction and magnitude of the effect sizes suggested that the impacts of IOD and SDIOD on HNO and SA were stronger in species pairs in which the species were more similar in terms of settling phenology and stronger for early settling species than for late settling species. Observed changes in niche relationships probably reflect changes in interspecific interactions and affect the possibilities for heterospecific information use in habitat selection. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.