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FIGURE 5 in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 5. Lycodon neomaculatus sp. nov. in preservative—MCZ R-175968 (holotype, adult male) A—General dorsal view; B—General ventral view; C—Lateral view of the head, right side; D—Lateral view of the head, left side; E—Dorsal view of the head; F—Ventral view of the tail with the everted hemipenes. Images not to scale. Photos by M. Gage and J. Martinez.

FIGURE 4. A in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 4. A statistical summary of the L. subcinctus species complex. (A) principal components analysis (PCA) showing three discrete clusters corresponding to Lycodon neomaculatus sp. nov., L. sealei, and L. subcinctus, respectively. (B–E) Box and whisker plots showing statistically significant differences in the number of ventrals (B), subcaudals (C), total body scales (D) and subcaudal ratio values (E) between the three species.

FIGURE 1 in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 1. Colubrid snake species involved in the case of Anoplophallus maculatus Cope, 1895.—USNM 7339, previously considered the holotype of "Lycodon maculatus" reported by Liu et al. (2023): A—General dorsal view; B—General ventral view; C—Dorsal view of the head; D—Lateral view of the head, left side; E—Live specimen of Leptodeira maculata (= Megalops maculatus) from Minatitlán, Colima, Mexico; F—Live specimen of Lycodon subannulatus from Penang Island, Malaysia, of which Nymphophidium maculatum is a junior synonym. Images not to scale. Photos by T. Hsu (A–D), C. Grünwald (E), J. L. Lee (F).

FIGURE 8 in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 8. Lycodon neomaculatus sp. nov. in life (not collected, sex not determined): A, B—Hong Kong, China (adult, subadult; respectively); C—Qiongzhong, Hainan, China (adult); D—Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China; E—Pu Mat NP, Nghe An, Vietnam; F—Ma Da NR, Dong Nai, Vietnam (adult); G—Cat Tien NP, Dong Nai, Vietnam (subadult); H—Loc Bac, Lam Dong, Vietnam (adult); I—Phuoc Binh NP, Ninh Thuan, Vietnam (adult); J—Hinhurp, Vientiane, Laos (subadult); K—Kompong Seila, Seihanuk, Cambodia (adult); L—Chai Prakarn, Chiang Mai, Thailand (subadult); M—Mae Yom NP, Phrae, Thailand (adult); N—Wang Nam Khiao, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (adult); O—Kaeng Krachan NP, Phetchaburi, Thailand (subadult). Photos by: A. Tomaszek (A, B); C.X. Liao (C); Z.H. Ma (D); P.S. Hamilton (E); H.X.N. Nguyen (F); A.M. Bragin (G, I); N.A. Poyarkov (H); T. Calame (J); T. Samnang (K); A. Kaosung (L); R. Grassby-Lewis (M, N); A. Pierce (O).

FIGURE 12 in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 12. Distribution ranges of Lycodon neomaculatus sp. nov. Numbers indicate various localities where the species have been recorded (see Appendix Table S6 for the details of localities).

FIGURE 7 in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 7. Differences in dorsal body band coloration in preservative between Lycodon neomaculatus sp. nov. (A, B) and L. subcinctus (C, D). A—FMNH 180149 from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; B—CAS 229729 from Tanintharyi, Myanmar; C—FMNH 229855 from Selangor, Malaysia; D—FMNH 183772 from Selangor, Malaysia. Images not to scale. Photos by J.L. Lee.

FIGURE 11 in The nomenclatural status of "Anoplophallus maculatus" Cope, 1895, its consequences on the systematics of Lycodon subcinctus auctorum, and the description of a new species (Squamata: Colubridae)

FIGURE 11. Distribution ranges of Lycodon sealei, L. subcinctus, and L. cf. subcinctus (Nicobar Island). Notes: numbers indicate different localities where the species have been recorded (see Appendix Table S5 for the details of localities).

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Data from: Systemic thyroid hormone status during levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CONTEXT: The standard of care for overt hypothyroidism is levothyroxine at doses that normalize serum TSH levels. Whether this approach universally restores thyroid hormone signaling is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To review studies of overt hypothyroidism in which participants were treated with levothyroxine to normalize serum TSH levels and measured other objective markers of thyroid hormone signaling. DESIGN: Databases were searched for studies that reported objective markers of thyroid hormone signaling (serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), creatine kinase and/or ferritin levels; cognition, energy expenditure, and/or renal function) in levothyroxine monotherapy for overt, primary hypothyroidism among nonpregnant adults with normal serum TSH levels. For studies with LDL, TC and SHBG outcomes, data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 99 studies met inclusion criteria, including 65 that reported serum cholesterol data. Meta-analysis showed that levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid participants with normal serum TSH levels had 3.31 ± 1.64 mg/dL higher serum LDL levels (p=0.044) and 9.60 ± 3.55 mg/dL higher serum TC levels (p=0.007) compared to controls. In studies that did not concomitantly assess healthy controls, serum LDL levels were 138.3 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.001) and serum TC levels were 209.6 ± 3.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed no significant difference between SHBG levels of levothyroxine-treated participants and controls. CONCLUSIONS: In studies that utilized levothyroxine monotherapy at doses that normalized the serum TSH for overt, primary hypothyroidism, not all systemic biological markers of thyroid hormone signaling were normalized, including serum LDL and TC levels.

FIGURE 6 in Geographical variation and taxonomy of the snail-eating snake Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884), with comments on the systematic status of Dipsas albifrons cavalheiroi Hoge, 1950 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

FIGURE 6. Sulcate (A) and asulcate (B) sides of hemipenes of Dipsas albifrons. (A, from municipality of Corupá (IBSP 64929), State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ruler equals to 5 mm).

FIGURE 5 in Geographical variation and taxonomy of the snail-eating snake Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884), with comments on the systematic status of Dipsas albifrons cavalheiroi Hoge, 1950 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

FIGURE 5. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head of Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884) (IBSP 17746, lectotype). (Ruler equals to 5 mm).

FIGURE 2. Bivariate plot with 95 in Geographical variation and taxonomy of the snail-eating snake Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884), with comments on the systematic status of Dipsas albifrons cavalheiroi Hoge, 1950 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

FIGURE 2. Bivariate plot with 95% confidence regions for the first 2 axes derived from scores of PCA analysis of female (A) and male (B) populations of Dipsas albifrons. (C, D). Black dots = States of Paraná and Santa Catarina; black squares = Queimada Grande Island; and black triangles 3 = State of Espírito Santo.

FIGURE 3 in Geographical variation and taxonomy of the snail-eating snake Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884), with comments on the systematic status of Dipsas albifrons cavalheiroi Hoge, 1950 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

FIGURE 3. Correlations of meristic characters with corresponding principal components (directional cosines) for females (A) and males (B) of Dipsas albifrons; 1 = number of ventral scales, 2 = number of subcaudal scales, 3 = number of supralabial scales, 4 = number of infralabial scales, 5 = number of blotches on the body, and 6 = number of blotches on the tail.

FIGURE 4 in Geographical variation and taxonomy of the snail-eating snake Dipsas albifrons (Sauvage, 1884), with comments on the systematic status of Dipsas albifrons cavalheiroi Hoge, 1950 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)

FIGURE 4. Bivariate plots of geographical distances in kilometers versus Mahalanobis D morphological distances computed from meristic characters for females (A) and males (B) of Dipsas albifrons.

FIGURE 7. Telescopus gezirae. A in Systematic status and correct nomen of the western North African cat snake: Telescopus tripolitanus (Werner, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with comments on the other taxa in the dhara-obtusus group

FIGURE 7. Telescopus gezirae. A: NMZB 11807 from Blue Nile 30 km of Sennar, Sudan, holotype of gezirae, photo W. Böhme. B: BMNH 1927.8.18.2 from Wad Medani (= Wad Madani), Sudan, dorsal view, photo C. McCarthy; C: same specimen, close-up of head, photo C. McCarthy; D: same specimen, ventral view, photo C. McCarthy. These pictures show the only two currently known specimens of the species.

FIGURE 5. Telescopus dhara obtusus. A in Systematic status and correct nomen of the western North African cat snake: Telescopus tripolitanus (Werner, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with comments on the other taxa in the dhara-obtusus group

FIGURE 5. Telescopus dhara obtusus. A: live juvenile (uniform coloration) from Cairo, Egypt, photo S. Baha El Din; B: live adult (poorly marked coloration) from Nile Valley, Egypt, photo O. Attum; C: live adult (strongly contrasted coloration) from Gebel Elba, Egypt, photo S. Baha El Din; D: live adult (strongly contrasted coloration) from Immidir region, Algeria, photo P. Lluch.

FIGURE 4. Telescopus dhara dhara. A in Systematic status and correct nomen of the western North African cat snake: Telescopus tripolitanus (Werner, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with comments on the other taxa in the dhara-obtusus group

FIGURE 4. Telescopus dhara dhara. A: live specimen (not collected) from Eilat (near the cemetery), Israel, 02/10/1994, photo PAC; B: same specimen, close-up of head, photo PAC.

FIGURE 3. Telescopus tripolitanus. A in Systematic status and correct nomen of the western North African cat snake: Telescopus tripolitanus (Werner, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with comments on the other taxa in the dhara-obtusus group

FIGURE 3. Telescopus tripolitanus. A: MNHN 1989.3156, a typically black-headed, spotted individual from Gabès (Tunisia), part of a large series from the surroundings of Gabès sent to Paris museum by Domergue himself as Tarbophis gabesiensis and hence representative of what he described as Pseudotarbophis gabesi, photo PAC; B: MNHN 1959.0029, "paratopotype" of Pseudotarbophis gabesi, a large, uniform specimen from Gabès part of the same series sent by Domergue to Paris museum, photo PAC; C: MNHN 1989.3159 from Gabès, part of the same series sent by Domergue, close-up of right side of head, photo PAC; D: MNHN 1912.0445 from Guidimaka region, Mauritania, holotype of Tarbophis guidimakaensis, a typical black-headed, spotted specimen of tripolitanus, photo PAC; E: MNHN 1959.0029 (see above), dorsal view of hemipenis prepared by C. Domergue, photo PAC; F: same specimen, ventral view of hemipenis, photo PAC; G: live specimen (not collected) from Gorhset dune near Tabelot, Niger, photo B. Delprat.

FIGURE 1 in Systematic status and correct nomen of the western North African cat snake: Telescopus tripolitanus (Werner, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with comments on the other taxa in the dhara-obtusus group

FIGURE 1. Positions of Telescopus specimens with complete morphological data on first and second axis (PC1 and PC2) of a PCA performed on all specimens (A) or only specimens of the eastern taxa (B).

FIGURE 2 in Systematic status and correct nomen of the western North African cat snake: Telescopus tripolitanus (Werner, 1909) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with comments on the other taxa in the dhara-obtusus group

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the Telescopus specimens records examined in the course of this study (based on museum specimens, published or unpublished pictures and descriptions). Dots: Telescopus tripolitanus; triangles: Telescopus dhara obtusus; squares: Telescopus dhara dhara; rhombi: Telescopus dhara somalicus; stars: Telescopus gezirae. Black signs represent specimens that were used on multivariate analyses, white (open) signs specimens with incomplete data. Numbers correspond to locality numbers in the text. Note that this map represents all the known records from T. gezirae, most of the known records for T. tripolitanus but only a small fraction of the known records for the other taxa.